Volume 7, Issue 4 (2018)
JFST 2018, 7(4): 249-254 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Kamali M, Shaabani A, Kalbasi Masjedshahi M, Paknejad H. Determination of Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) Values of Di-n- Butyl Phthalate on Rainbow Trout Fingerlings(Oncorhynchus mykiss). JFST 2018; 7 (4) :249-254
URL: http://jfst.modares.ac.ir/article-6-28061-en.html
URL: http://jfst.modares.ac.ir/article-6-28061-en.html
1- Fisheries Department, Fisheries & Environment Faculty, Gorgan University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran , kamalilasem@gmail.com
2- Fisheries Department, Fisheries & Environment Faculty, Gorgan University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3- Fisheries Department, Natural Resources & Marine Science Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2- Fisheries Department, Fisheries & Environment Faculty, Gorgan University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3- Fisheries Department, Natural Resources & Marine Science Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Abstract: (6865 Views)
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 96h) - Butyl phthalate and Calculate of Low Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) and Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) on rainbow trout fingerlings.
Materials and Method: Acute static toxicity test was performed based on the standard O.E.C.D. 7.3±1.25g) in 96 hours. Statistical calculation was done with SPSS 21 and probit regression and ANOVA method.
Findings: Mortality was increased with increasing concentrations of - Butyl phthalate Within 24 to 96 hours. Lethal concentrations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 15.46, 12.96, 11.21 and 9.93mg.L-1, respectively. Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 3.4, 3.8, 7.2 and 9.95mg.L-1, too. Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 0.78, 0.95, 1.45 and 1.68mg.L-1, respectively.
Conclusion: Toxicological studies are necessary for rainbow trout because of their importance and sensitivity of this species to pollutants). The results of this research can be applied to assess the ecological risks and nutritional risks of this group of pollutants. So, an effective management and control strategy must be executed in order to reduce the problems caused by DnBP in the environment.
Materials and Method: Acute static toxicity test was performed based on the standard O.E.C.D. 7.3±1.25g) in 96 hours. Statistical calculation was done with SPSS 21 and probit regression and ANOVA method.
Findings: Mortality was increased with increasing concentrations of - Butyl phthalate Within 24 to 96 hours. Lethal concentrations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 15.46, 12.96, 11.21 and 9.93mg.L-1, respectively. Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 3.4, 3.8, 7.2 and 9.95mg.L-1, too. Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 0.78, 0.95, 1.45 and 1.68mg.L-1, respectively.
Conclusion: Toxicological studies are necessary for rainbow trout because of their importance and sensitivity of this species to pollutants). The results of this research can be applied to assess the ecological risks and nutritional risks of this group of pollutants. So, an effective management and control strategy must be executed in order to reduce the problems caused by DnBP in the environment.
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Aquativc toxicology
Received: 2018/09/11 | Published: 2018/12/20
Received: 2018/09/11 | Published: 2018/12/20
References
1. Clark RB, Frid C, Attrill M. Marine pollution. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press; 2001. [Link]
2. Costa J, Ferreira M, Rey-Salgueiro L, Reis-Henriques MA. Comparision of the waterborne and dietary routes of exposure on the effects of Benzo(a)pyrene on biotransformation pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Chemosphere. 2011;84(10):1452-60. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.046]
3. Embry MR, Belanger SE, Braunbeck TA, Galay-Burgos M, Halder M, Hinton DE, et al. The fish embryo toxicity test as an animal alternative method in hazard and risk assessment and scientific research. Aquat Toxicol. 2010;97(2):79-87. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.008]
4. Moore NP. The oestrogenic potential of the phthalate esters. Reprod Toxicol. 2000;14(3):183-92. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0890-6238(00)00068-X]
5. Heudorf U, Mersch-Sundermann V, Angerer J. Phthalates: Toxicology and exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2007;210(5):623-34. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.011]
6. Wenzl T. Methods for the determination of phthalates in food [Internet]. Belgium: JRC European Commission; 2009 [cited 2018 Aug 12]. Available from: https://www.bezpecnostpotravin.cz/UserFiles/File/Publikace/ftalaty.pdf [Link]
7. Uren-Webster TM, Lewis C, Filby AL, Paull GC, Santos EM. Mechanisms of toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the reproductive health of male zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol. 2010;99(3):360-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.05.015]
8. Staples CA, Peterson DR, Parkerton TF, Adams WJ. The environmental fate of phthalate esters: A literature review. Chemosphere. 1997;35(4):667-749. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00195-1]
9. Magdouli S, Daghrir R, Brar SK, Drogui P, Tyagi RD. Di 2-ethylhexylphtalate in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: A critical review. J Environ Manage. 2013;127:36-49. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.013]
10. Bradlee CA, Thomas P. Aquatic toxicity of phthalate esters. In: Staples CA, editor. Series anthropogenic compounds, the handbook of environmental chemistry. 3Q Volume. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer; 2003. pp. 263-98. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/b11469]
11. Evans DH, Claiborne JB, editors. The physiology of fishes. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2005. p. 601. [Link]
12. Fakharzadeh SME, Farhangi M, Mojazi Amiri B, Ahmadi M, Mazloumi N. The effect of hydrocortisone treatment by bathing and daphnia enrichment on the salinity stress in Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus juvenile. Int Aquat Res. 2011;3:125-33. [Link]
13. Hakim Y, Ali HA. Evaluation of the toxic effects of phtalate, Di-n-Butule Phthalate (DBP) on health of Oreochromis niloticus. World J Fish Marine Sci. 2014. [Link]
14. Boran M, Altinok ‹L, Çapkin E, Karaçam H, B‹çer V. Acute toxicity of carbaryl, methiocarb, and carbosulfan to the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2007;31(1):39-45. [Link]
15. Fisheries Statistical Yearbook. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad [Internet]. Tehran: Iran Fisheries Organization; 2016 [cited 2018 Aug 12]. Available from: https://bit.ly/2XWMgNq [Persian] [Link]
16. Shyong WJ, Chen HC. Acute toxicity of copper, cadmium, and mercury to the freshwater fish Varicorhinus barbatus and Zacco barbata. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica. 2000;11(1):33-45. [Link]
17. Di Giulio RT, Hinton DE, editors. The toxicology of fishes. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008. pp. 319-884. [Link] [DOI:10.1201/9780203647295]
18. Banaee M, Mirvagefei AR, Rafei GR, Majazi Amiri B. Effect of sub-lethal diazinon concentrations on blood plasma biochemistry. Int J Environ Res. 2008;2(2):189-98. [Link]
19. Inyang I, Daka E, Ogamba E. Changes in electrolyte activities of Clarias gariepinus exposed to diazinon. Biol Environ Sci J Trop. 2010;198-200. [Link]
20. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Section 2-Effects on biotic systems, OECD guidelines for thetesting of chemicals. Paris: OECD; 1984. [Link]
21. Milne I, Seager J, Mallett M, Sims I. Effects of short‐term pulsed ammonia exposure on fish. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2000;19(12):2929-36. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/etc.5620191213]
22. Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 23rd edition. Unknown city: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association; 2017. [Link]
23. Louis AH, Diana LW, Patricia H, Elizabeth RS. Pesticides and aquatic animals: A Guide to Reducing Impacts on Aquatic Systems [Internet]. Virginia: Virginia Cooperation Extension, Virginia State University; 1996 [cited 2018 Aug 25]. Available from: https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-013/420-013.html. [Link]
24. Urien N, Uher E, Billoir E, Geffard O, Fechner LC, Lebrun JD. A biodynamic model predicting waterborne lead bioaccumulation in Gammarus pulex: Influence of water chemistry and in situ validation. Environ Pollut. 2015;203:22-30. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.045]
25. Bang DY, Lee IK, Lee BM. Toxicological characterization of phthalic acid. Toxicol Res. 2011;27(4):191-203. [Link] [DOI:10.5487/TR.2011.27.4.191]
26. Mahood IK, Scott HM, Brown R, Hallmark N, Walker M, Sharpe RM. In utero exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate and testicular dysgenesis: Comparison of fetal and adult end points and their dose sensitivity. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115 Suppl 1:55-61. [Link] [DOI:10.1289/ehp.9366]
27. Abel PD, Axiak V. Ecotoxicology and the marine environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991. [Link]
28. Abu Zeid EH, Khalil ASA. Toxicological consequences of Di-n-Butyl-Phthalate (DBP) on health of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Am J Anim Vet Sci. 2014;9(4):269-76. [Link] [DOI:10.3844/ajavsp.2014.269.276]
29. Sharifpour I, Soltani M, Javadi M. Determination of lethal onccentration (LC50) Endosulfan and its damage in Huso huso. J Sci Fish Iran. 2003;12(4):69-84. [Persian] [Link]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |