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Showing 21 results for مولائی


Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract

One of the constant concerns of urban design circles is to search and analyze the causes of the failure of urban development projects. In other words, the question is usually asked why such projects, which are sometimes based on theories and by the elites of the profession, have not led to the production of desirable products in practice? Exploration and analysis of the causes of failure of urban design projects and the very high importance of time and how to implement the plan in these projects, caused the attention of experts to the urban design process, because it seemed that the solution to this problem in the causal relationship between Process quality and product quality. Also, some researchers introduce criteria and indicators affecting the feasibility of urban design, the most important of which, which are also addressed in this study, can be planning and design factors, factors Managerial, economic factors, social and cultural factors, legal factors, ethical factors mentioned. This research is a review of articles and theories in this field.

Volume 2, Issue 4 (winter 2021)
Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this article is to explain the place of the human in urban design and the dimensions and qualities of human-oriented urban design and its evaluation in the area of ​​Tajrish Square in Tehran.
Methods: This research is a quantitative and qualitative approach and descriptive and analytical research methods and field research that has been done in theoretical and field sections, using documentary and library study methods, distribution of questionnaires and its statistical and qualitative analysis and field perceptions.
Findings: Urban design is a science, art, and profession that is the subject of organizing the environmental qualities of urban and public areas. This field can have different tendencies and approaches in technical, political, managerial, scientific, and social dimensions. The place of man in each of the urban design approaches can be varied depending on the principles of that approach. The modernist approach to man, the city, and urban design reduced man's place to a technical and universal phenomenon, regardless of social, cultural, or indigenous contexts.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that humanistic urban design is the study and design of public and public arenas in order to enhance environmental qualities as a vehicle to help human beings flourish and its qualities for application in the program. Urban planning and design are: identity and legibility, environmental sustainability, social, cultural, and economic sustainability, safety and security, efficiency and diversity, pedestrianism and ease of access, cohesion and integration, proportions and human scale, freedom, Flexibility, vitality, attractiveness and sensory richness, justice. In the case study, Tehran Tajrish Center, with valuable natural, historical, social, and cultural contexts, has several issues and problems, especially in the field of space and traffic. Analysis of this area, with the mentioned SWOT technique and qualities, can lead to the creation of urban spaces and a humane environment.

Volume 3, Issue 3 (fall 2022)
Abstract

Background: Entrance spaces are one of the most important parts of buildings, public utility complexes and cities, which in addition to the function of traffic, control and supervision, show the identity of that complex. In the past, most of the cities and public buildings in the entrances included entrances with distinctive and visual and cultural identities derived from the native background. Nowadays, some public complexes, such as universities, have a design entrance, and many buildings and complexes lack quality without an entrance or entrance portal.
Failure to pay attention to the necessity of designing and constructing the entrance gate and its qualitative requirements in the development of public utilities is a problem of this research.
Objectives: Therefore, the present article aims to explain the position of the entrance gate in the identity of public buildings and the do's and don'ts of designing them and examining the relevant criteria in the desirability of Tabriz University gates.
Method: This article has been done with descriptive and analytical research method and field survey with interpretive strategy and logical reasoning and interdisciplinary studies and with library and documentary study methods.
Result: The results indicate that the entrance space is the main and inseparable element of the building, especially public complexes, and the larger the scale and generality of the user, the more prominent, appropriate and distinctive the entrance needs. In designing the entrances, it is better to use the background ideas of the circuit related to the culture and function and the relevant native environment. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to the qualities of efficiency, responsiveness, readability, socialization and event management, memory and symbolic and symbolic aspect. The results of the field study indicate that in general, in terms of experts, safety and security criteria, identification, strong signs and symbols, and ease of access have a high coefficient of importance in the desirability of ports. The head of technology and information was ranked at the top and the main head of the head was ranked at the bottom, which indicates that the head of technology is relatively high.

Volume 4, Issue 4 (Fall 2022)
Abstract

The importance of water has always been emphasized by the religion of Islam. The correct use of this existential element has been emphasized in several verses and hadiths. Given that the issue of water is the cause of many national and transnational conflicts today، so the issue of water management، especially in countries such as Iran، which are facing water stress، seems very necessary. The present study intends to explain the principles of jurisprudence and ethics in the plans and development plans related to water management. This paper intends to answer the following question: "what principles of jurisprudence and ethics would be considered in development plans and projects related to water management?" This research is a fundamental and developmental in terms of purpose and used descriptive-analytic method. Also، in order to collect data، the method of documentary-library studies is used. The research findings are first inferred by qualitative content analysis method and then using logical reasoning method. The results of the research show that if the principles and rules of Islamic jurisprudence and ethics are considered in the programs and laws related to water management in the country، many harms and challenges in the water sector can be overcome. This requires the development of a comprehensive plan with special considerations of jurisprudence and Islamic ethics related to water management and، of course، its strict implementation.

Volume 5, Issue 1 (spring 2024)
Abstract

Objectives: During the last century, the spread of epidemics such as Sars, Ebola, and especially Corona, have fueled many crises in the world arena. In dealing with such urban crises, dealing with the category of resilience of cities against epidemics can be helpful. For this purpose, the aim of this research is to know the urban epidemiological dimension, its components and indicators and its relationship with urban resilience based on the ecological triangle model in urban environments.
Methods: Using the library method, this research examines different dimensions of meaning, approach, capacity, determining factors and characteristics in the field of resilience to the intersection of this category with pandemic crises.
Findings: The research findings indicate that disease-causing factors can be activated or deactivated under the influence of the environment and urbanization process. With regard to the capacities of resilient cities, it is possible to plan and design city-building physical measures based on the attitude of prevention, containment and control in such a way that cities can survive these crises with the least amount face dysfunction and be able to return to their desired state in the shortest possible time.
Results: Based on the results, physical activity, diet, mental health, health care systems, social distancing, infection control, and promotion of urban patrimony are criteria that can affect epidemiological resilience under the influence of the city's body.

Volume 5, Issue 2 (summer 2024)
Abstract

Description: City as a text and urban design as the language of text creation, the constructive dimensions of the city are categorized into two levels: superstructure and deep structure. The superstructure of the city is the result of mental and internal deep constructions. Superstructure has no meaning without regard to deep structure.
Purpose: The current research aims to extract the components that influence the language of the city pattern, and seeks to find out what are the deep structural components of the language of the urban design pattern?
Method: The research has been done by descriptive analytical method and library studies.
Findings: The superstructure patterns identified in the research are mass-space pattern, usage and function pattern, and view pattern. Also, the identified dimensions of deep structures were studied in this research and the independent variables of each dimension that affect the superstructure patterns were identified. In total, 24 independent variables were discovered from urban deep structures and 45 dependent variables were discovered from the set of superstructures.
Conclusion: The most important dimension shaping the settlement is the cultural dimension, followed by the environmental dimension. Also, some superstructure patterns are affected by several deep structure dimensions. The independent variables found in this research were presented in the form of a diagram as influencing components on the language of the urban design pattern. As a strategy, it is recommended that the components found in this research be given special attention as a framework for the final design as a guide for the steps from cognitive studies to the presentation of the plan.

Volume 5, Issue 4 (winter 2024)
Abstract


Aim: The purpose of this article is to extract the components and indicators of Tabriz school of architecture and urban planning with an emphasis on the historical market of Tabriz.
Methods: This research was carried out with the research method of text content analysis and field survey and methods of library and documentary search, observation and photography.
Findings: The school of Tabriz can be found in the ancient history of Tabriz, various arts, historical buildings and spaces, nature and gardens of Tabriz, authentic neighborhoods and passages, the market and its ancient social and cultural aspects, its authentic goods and foods. did This city, which is the birthplace of artists, merchants, scholars and politicians, and many tangible and intangible events and works, the sum of which can express an original school in architecture, urban planning and painting. Tabriz market is one of the pillars of the identity of this city, which is a collection of rows and timchehs and palaces with valuable urban architecture and design representing the economic, social, and native architecture foundations. This complex has a stable economic life due to being on the international silk trade route, a special social and cultural cohesion that is considered a social capital, and the secrets of urban planning and design that can be relearned for the current state of cities.
Conclusion: Unlike the markets of Tehran, Isfahan, Kashan, which have a linear structure with fewer branches, the market of Tabriz is a network consisting of rows and nodes in the form of teams, timcheh, sera, and mosque and with many branches. It continues to exist as an efficient system in economic, social, climatic dimensions and with a high diversity of activities and economy with a complex order. A deep understanding of the identity-building aspects of Tabriz market in different cultural, economic, social, functional, physical, natural and landscape dimensions can help to protect it in the current and future situation.

Volume 6, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract

Over the centuries, cities have always employed human societies to achieve their goals; to be more precise, they are part of the infrastructure and tools that are made by human to deal with nature threats and of life management within communities. Of course, it should be considered that cities, as opposed to tools and machines that formed based on the presiced design, are the means which their emergence are not based on detailed planning and a lot of their features simply and arbitrarily have manifested.
The increasing growth of technologies are as emerging phenomenon in cities that follow a future of uncertainty in societies. Political, economic and social factors that are shaping urban applications will be beyond the grasp and control, and will be associated with a set of unknowns and the uncertainties. So the planning and management of cities in its current form, can not respond to this complexity. Integrated management of this uncertainty, requires planning to make smart cities and communities and configuration of these cities should be based on the creation of environments aimed at improving cognitive skills and learning abilities and innovation. This necessitates the creation of digital, physical and organizational spaces that are organized via innovation and creativity through a combination of individual cognitive skills and information systems.
Smart cities are emerging around the world, but still deep differences can be seen with amazing smart environments that open minds and transmit skills and the abilities from the base. Integrated studies in this area can be somewhat overcome the raised shortcomings.
Therefore, this article seeks to explore various aspects of urban intelligence and key components of smart city based on an integrated conceptual model. Method of this research is descriptive and based on gathering documents related to this field. In the first step smart city and its related concepts are presented, in the next step, key factors of smart city based on summing up the views of experts in the field are revealed; catagorized in the framwork of basic smart city factors and componenets (public, institutional factors and infrastructure). Three important factors (intelligence, integrity and innovation) considered as essential requirements for the creation of smart communities that the combination of these factors and preconditions depicted in the form of a model. Ultimately in the final stage of research, how to smart cities explained based on the dimensions and components of the considered model.
One hundred years ago, only about one out of every seven people lived in the city. Today, half of the population live in cities and the percentage of that is growing steadily each year. Because more people migrate to the big cities, town’s credit, technology, trade, formation of governments, resource consumption, quality of life, and many other things considerably grows.
Personal talent or professional opportunities of people, creativity, economic exploitation and accumulation of large numbers of people can have a positive impact on society. Of course, the big urban communities are always big risks for Earth in the form of overcrowding, excessive carbon emissions and waste and high levels of non-renewable energy consumption, so cities - municipal governments, along with businesses and city dwellers that launch the economic growth have a major responsibility for the effective monitoring of people and the environment.
The need to manage resources in terms of sustainability associated with a more important purpose: to create an attractive social and economic environment in which citizens, companies and governments can work and live interactively. In fact, The Cities compete more for their citizens and investments than the merchants for their customers.
The issue that is subsequently increased its importance; the overall attractiveness of a particular city, is the experience that the city provide to its citizens and businesses and it becomes manifested in a wide rangeof important features: Value and sustainability of the city government, the economy and employment opportunities, its schools, the quality of the physical environments, culture and artistic resources, higher educational institutions and other educational opportunities for adults, housing, security, social participation, freedom and its variations.
Smart cities and towns have been created via the connection of innovation and digital cities and with the aim of promoting knowledge and innovation. This connection is based on two objective criteria: (1) innovation and digital cities are both community-based processes, and (2) innovation and digital cities are both knowledge-based processes. «Connection» is on the basis of shared knowledge networks and online provision of knowledge and innovation processes. Intelligent Community Indicators depict a global framework for understanding the different communities and regions that can create a competitive
advantage in today›s economy. Indicators show that an intelligent city has a more life span than a traditional form:
•Significant deployment of broadband communications and government facilities; government that has a role of catalyst via provision of regulations and incentives
•Education; training and workforce development to create a workforce, capable of implementing knowledge effectively.
•Government programs and private sectors that promote digital democracy, benefit from all sectors of society, including the expansion of citizen participation in government and their decision-making.
•Innovation in the public and private sectors, including e-government initiatives and efforts to create economic and business development to finance new job opportunities; Effective marketing as a lever for economic development, attract workforce and other community assets to new employers.
•Smart cities, lifeless spaces, complex structures, physical infrastructures, and electronics applicable programs are not digital, In contrast, they are such living communities that use from skills of individuals and institutions for collective learning and innovation, and use from physical and digital infrastructure to communicate and online collaboration.
This research is based on descriptive approaches, for which our goals were to collect data on surviving geometrical patterns and classify them on the basis of time scale and regionalism. Such approaches provide dialectic answers to a wide range of philosophical and architectural questions, such as when or where a particular pattern was extensively used. Smart City, due to the outstanding characteristics of sustainability and attraction, is divided from other cities. Environmental projects are flowed with more than a moral obligation. Sustainability is important for its positive Social consequences and the main factor is creation of habitable environment by the health and welfare of citizens and their businesses. Today, there is no smart city. However, one of the most common ways to get started is creation of a starting point that is based on the geographic, political, economic of the city, then, that city can determine different states based on the costs and effects of different projects and their anticipated transactions, and begin to design various forms of technology, strategy, processes, training, supervision and management of a developed program.
With regard to the impact of the cities on the health of the planet, the agenda of smart city, regardless of where they live, is important for all citizens. If cities are focused on affordable measures to embed intelligence in their services, they have to carry out fundamental right activities, Open and intelligent architecture that is enabled of delivering smart services now and in the future due to the growing needs of a city.

Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract

Historical textures of Iranian cities are the expression of our long-standing values and traditions, and preserving and reviving them can be a valuable cultural-social source for future generations. They represent the collective wisdom of our ancestors who have been able to bring such structures that combine science, knowledge, art and experience. Addressing this valuable heritage in fact guides us to the use of rich past experiences and can be a continuation of a culture that depends on historical continuity.
Iranian historic houses, like gems in precious historical textures, are a collection of history of life, art, beliefs, customs, and irani-islamic lifestyles, and they can in some way be considered as a museum of all cultural and social customs of old generations.
Today, with the revitalization and rehabilitation of this valuable heritage, in addition to the cultural and historical protection of these works and the promotion of these customs among citizens, economic stimulus has been created in the city, which has led to economic growth and urban development, and suitable economic groups for the promotion of urban incomes. The growth of the tourism and tourism industry, which is today considered one of the most important principles in attracting capitals. Through studying the experiences of world successful countries in this area, we can provide a conceptual model for recreating valuable historic houses and creating economic mobility.
Today, cities have begun to move towards the use of their relative advantages in the region and the world in the wake of the globalization of the economy and the competition between them in order to play a more significant role in this competitive market. Cities know that building capital infrastructure in city-capable departments can help them compete from other cities in order to make it more successful in this globalization process. Following these rivalries, urban management is undergoing major changes in its governance and management, and it seeks to promote economic activity, creativity and utilization in urban business networks through the creation of an entrepreneurial capital city.
Many entrepreneurial cities are trying to create a new development model for the city's economic growth by revitalizing and rebuilding the city's historic buildings and structures.
Throsby, the famous Australian economist, shares capital in addition to physical, human, and natural (environmental) capital: another kind of capital, cultural, which, unlike other forms of capital, in addition to cultural value, this kind of capital can also provide economic value.
The cultural capital is in fact the cultural heritage that brings with it achievements of artistic, cultural, norms and beliefs of the forerunners for the new generations, and in this study it is crystallized in the historical houses of the city, which is an embodiment of all these achievements in the old days
Between legacy works, historic houses as a real cultural heritage have a special place because these homes, while meeting the climate and climate requirements of each region, have a direct relationship with the cultural, religious and traditional originality of the people, as well as certain aesthetic principles. Hence, the necessity and importance of protecting historic homes is not overlooked.
Today, as urbanization has grown, problems have become more and more than ever. One of these problems is the exhausted urban tissue that lies in the heart of the old part of the city and is a memorial to the ancient history and culture of that city. The issue becomes even more important when buildings and historic monuments have become valuable in the context of these historic contexts, and this increases the complexity of urban officials to deal with and interfere with those historical texts. In addition to cultural, social and physical values, these buildings can economically provide potential infrastructural infrastructure for the city, including infrastructure and infrastructure.
Urban redevelopment has encountered different approaches and models throughout its time. Today, one of the transcendental approaches that has been taken into consideration in recent years and decades is the issue of development and economic growth through the de-mining industry and the attraction of tourists through investment in urban cultural infrastructure; this approach seeks to be soft And gradually, through investing in a valuable historical and
Today, because of the tensions in the world economy and the crisis in the face of those cities, they are struggling to rely on their cultural values and assets, and their restoration and reintegration, through their cultural and identity identities, and investing in them; find a new model of urban economic structure for themselves.
Culture-based regeneration as a modern regeneration approach supports creative industries and also protects the local identity and culture of the region. The purpose of this approach in recreating is to seek to find works of cultural, historical, ritual and artistic backgrounds, so that the exogenous factor of culture as a component of the coherence of these scattered spheres enters the cycle of recreation.
Developmental stimuli of recreation are working to create prosperity and economic activity in precious urban textures and lead to more dynamism and vitality of these sectors in traditional neighborhoods. How these stimuli impact their roles in urban growth and development it is an issue of this research.
One of the newest regeneration policies is the creation and revitalization of projects that act as stimulants in the historical context, leading to accelerating and facilitating the process of regeneration as well as leading it. Historically valuable houses through social partnerships and local capacity building can play a catalytic and stimulating role in the growth of the economic and physical development of texture in the neighborhood scale and sometimes in the dimensions of the city; and lead us to the most sustainable way on the path to the reproduction of historical textures.
The restoration of valuable historical monuments in the world, which is in fact the cultural heritage of that city or country, has a long history and its attention is different depending on the arts and culture of people of each land and different organizations and sectors are associated with it. These works, which reflect the history, cultural, social and artistic values of the past, have widespread social interests and require more attention from public institutions and the private sector.
Iran has been paying attention to this issue for many years and has taken positive steps to this day, but it should be taken into consideration that all methods should be tailored to their local and cultural conditions and that the use of Western methods without Localization and adaptation to Iranian values will not succeed.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the rehabilitation of precious urban houses and economic growth and seek to answer the question whether investment in restoring these houses in Iran has a positive and significant effect on economic growth and urban development.

Volume 11, Issue 2 (Summer 2021)
Abstract

Aims: The contemporization of historic houses is an opportunity to develop sustainable tourism with the aim of boosting valuable cultural and historical contexts. The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the buildings changed by the "Tehran Beautification Organization" and "Tehran Municipality" called "Arbab-Hormoz Mansion". The analysis of variables shows that this building serves as a potential for creating a tourist attraction in urban spaces, the city of Tehran.
 
Methods: The conceptual framework of the research is based on the "highperformance architecture theory"; therefore, it has a persuasive nature and is based on the architectural design process. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data collection has been done through documentary and archives, and diagnostic observation has been done in this area.
 
Findings: The findings show that the Tehran Beautification Organization has been successful in adaptive reuse of Arbab-Hormoz Mansion, so that it has become one of the urban tourism hubs in the northeast of Tehran.
 
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance and impact of the initiative of Tehran Municipality in changing the use of historic houses in Tehran. These houses are considered as a factor of sustainable development in the old urban contexts in line with the attractive urban tourism policies. Transforming the modern heritage into a tourism hub is a factor in the prosperity of civic participation, Islamic and Iranian ethics and behavior, the emergence of creativity and empowerment of the people, creating sustainable employment, strengthening family relationships and developing cultural and social skills.


Volume 12, Issue 6 (January & February 2022 2021)
Abstract

In a transmodern world, the current research finds commonalities between the Semiotics of Discourse (Paris School) which is intertwined with other fields such as linguistics, and coaching. The main problem and hypothesis of the present research is to argue that the Semiotics of Discourse (Paris School) can provide ʻpart ofʼ a comprehensive theoretical framework for conceptualizing coaching and its development as an academic discipline and subdiscipline. Therefore, adopting a descriptive-analytic method based on Fontanille's ideas (Fontanille, 2003, as translated by Bostic, 2006) in analyzing and solving a case study of one of her clients in coaching, and introducing the term ʻKhodnavardiʼ being established and registered in Iran by her, the author examines this problem and hypothesis. In order to make linguistics (its types and subdisciplines), semiotics (its types, and other fields intertwined with it), and other possible, probable fields, institutions, practitioners, skills, and sciences more practical, the current and future objective of this inquiry is to elementarily introduce the process of coaching discourse as an object and corpus of transdisciplinary studies. This trajectory will finally provide the context for the localization of the academic discipline, subdiscipline, and new profession of coaching, and subsequently coaching education and studies, and coaching training: a kind of localization, entrepreneurship and job creation. Pointing out the similarities between the Semiotics of Discourse (Paris School) and coaching, and presenting a model based on “Khodnavardi”, the main achievement of this inquiry is suggesting the basics of ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ at an academic level in Iran. In addition, ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ can lead to interactions or commonalities with other fields, institutions, practitioners, skills, and sciences including pragmatism, educational linguistics, edusemiotics, change, transformation, cognitive sciences, philosophy, sociology, psychology, teaching, communication, management, human and organizational resource development, leadership, literature, cinema and theater, etc., and on the other hand, with different types of coaching like linguistic, semantic, ontological, integral, existential, narrative, cognitive, clean language, core energy, neuro-linguistic, academic, developmental, emotional intelligence, and other topics which will not be addressed for the sake of brevity.
1. Introduction
Our main question and problem is how the Semiotics of Discourse (Paris School), which we call it SDPS here, based on (Fontanille, (2003 [2006])) can provide ʻpart ofʼ a comprehensive theoretical framework for conceptualizing coaching and its development as an academic discipline and subdiscipline. In addition to pointing to the commonalities between SDPS and coaching which will be mentioned in the literature review, in the present inquiry, in particular, the hypothesis is that according to Fontanille and through the interaction among the intertwined network of ʻtransformational actantsʼ, ʻmodalityʼ, ʻmodal verbsʼ, ʻmodal identityʼ, and ʻmodalization as construction of the actants’ identityʼ, we can reply some part of this problem and question. Therefore, adopting a descriptive-analytic method based on Fontanille's ideas in analyzing and solving a case study of one of her clients in a voice call coaching session recorded by an MP3 player, the author examines this problem and hypothesis. Introducing the term ʻKhodnavardiʼ being established and registered in Iran by her, the author refers to human interaction with oneself, the world, and the other in the coaching process, and to refer to the whole context of the clients’ issues, which is based on some kind of change, transformation, growth, development, and the like. Then, in terms of the achievement of this study, presenting a model based on ʻmodal varbsʼ and ʻKhodnavardiʼ, the author suggests the basics of ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ at an academic level in Iran. Moreover, in the atmosphere of the ʻtransmodern worldʼ (the title derived from Seif (2017)), ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ, and of course, different theories and concepts of linguistics, semiotics, and related fields and their subfields can generate interactions and commonalities with other fields, institutions, skills and sciences including pragmatism, educational linguistics, edusemiotics, change, transformation, cognitive sciences, philosophy, sociology, psychology, teaching, communication, management, human and organizational resource development, leadership, literature, cinema and theater, and so forth, as well as with coaching types like linguistic, semantic, ontological, integral, existential, narrative, cognitive, clean language, core energy, neuro-linguistic programming, academic, developmental, emotional intelligence, and more. The present study does not cover this part here. Finally, in order to make linguistics (its types and subdisciplines), semiotics (its types, and other fields intertwined with it), and other possible, probable fields, institutions, practitioners, skills, and sciences more practical, the current and future objective of this inquiry is to elementarily introduce the process of coaching discourse as an object and corpus of transdisciplinary studies. This trajectory will finally provide the context for the localization of the academic discipline, subdiscipline, and new profession of coaching, and subsequently coaching education and studies, and coaching training: a kind of localization, entrepreneurship and job creation. It should be noted that it is predicted that in the continuation of this research, at a wider level, various fields, institutions, practitioners, skills and sciences will be engaged: therefore, entering into deeper transdisciplinary studies. One of these sciences is linguistics, which, of course, will not be examined here. This study will apply only SDPS approach, and postpone considering the linguistics section and its subdisciplines. However, in the literature review section we will have a brief summary of the interface between linguistics, language, and coaching. It is worth noting that linguistics is engaged with both semiotics and coaching. Considering semiotics and linguistics, for instance, Chandler says, “... most of those who call themselves semioticians at least implicitly accept Saussure’s location of linguistics within semiotics” (Chandler, 2007, p. 8). Also, according to Bostic, “In the sixties, semiotics was constituted as a branch of the linguistic sciences, at the confluence of linguistics, anthropology, and formal logic” (Bostic, 2006, p. Xvii), and then, linked to phenomenology (Bostic, 2006, p. xii). Finally, we will not explain here transdisciplinarity, while merely refer to some of the concepts discussed in the various views of transdisciplinary sources being cited in the following sources: “deep collaboration across and beyond academic disciplines and fields” (Perrin & Kramsch, 2018); “research on, for, and with” practitioners” (Perrin & Kramsch, 2018); “professional knowledge acquired through experience in the real world, technical knowledge acquired on the job” … and “language problems in the ‘real world’” (Perrin & Kramsch, 2018); “complexity” (Perrin & Kramsch, 2018; Bernstein, 2014 & 2015); “the human life world and lived meanings” (Bernstein, 2015); “everyday life” (Bernstein, 2014); “bridging the gap between the humanities and sciences” (Seif, 2017); “problem solving” (Bernstein, 2015) and so forth.
Research Question(s):
Our main question and problem is how SDPS (Fontanille, (2003 [2006])) can provide ʻpart ofʼ a comprehensive theoretical framework for conceptualizing coaching and its development as an academic discipline and subdiscipline.
2. Literature Review
Before considering the literature review, we briefly refer to coaching and its interface with SDPS in the point of view of this research. Coaching which is defined and applied in various ways (Brock, 2008, pp. 13-15; Bachkirova, 2017; Abravanel, 2018, p. 1), is addressed under different titles and concepts based on different objectives, functions, theoretical frameworks and approaches. Some of which we refer to: a discipline (Brock, 2014, p. 3; Bachkirova, 2017, p. 23), an applied discipline (Cox et al., 2014), a discursive event or discourse (Graf, 2019). ), change (Graf, 2019; Deplazes et al., 2018; Whitworth et al., 2007, p. 1; Folscher-Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019), an industry (Graf, 2019; Fillery-Travis & Collins, 2017), a professional practice (Fillery-Travis & Collins, 2016), communication (Graf, 2019; Brock, 2008), a process (Graf, 2019; Brock, 2008; Deplazes et al., 2018), a conversation (Deplazes et al., 2018; Jautz, 2018), raising awareness (Brock, 2014, p. 1), and so forth. Brock argues that “Coaching emerged from an intersection of people, disciplines and socioeconomic factors” (Brock, 2014, p. 134). She introduces two tap roots for coaching: philosophy and social sciences (Brock, 2014, p. 8). Considering the diversity of coaching in terms of different aspects, we can mention linguistic, ontological, semantic, integrated, narrative, cognitive, clean language, existential, core energy, neuro-linguistic programming, academic, developmental, emotional intelligence, etc. About semiotics, on the other hand, Martin and Ringham quote Grimas as saying that “... [semiotic theory] tries to unravel the meaning hidden below the surface in an attempt to find sense in life” (Martin & Ringham, 2000, p. vii). According to them, semiotics “... is concerned with the theory and analysis of the production of meaning ...” (Martin & Ringham, 2000, p. 116). “... The Paris School is concerned primarily with the relationship between signs and with the manner in which they produce meaning within a given text or discourse” … “Semiotic practice can thus become a tool of personal empowerment and an expression of social commitment, leading not only to a deconstruction but also to a reinvention of the fundamental values underlying our societies” (Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2). Therefore, at the general level, there are many commonalities between semiotics and coaching (its types), some of which are: 1) in quest of meaning (Martin & Ringham, 2000, p. Vii; Cox et al., 2014), 2) related to social process or social life (Brock, 2008; Shoukry & Cox, 2018; Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2; Eco, 1973, p. 71 as cited in Chandler, 2017, p. 276), 3) related to man, or humanism, or anthropology (Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2; Graf, 2019, p. 2; Brock, 2014, p. 6), 4) to explore change (Graf & Dionne, 2021 ; Deplazes et al., 2018; Jautz, 2018; Grzegorczyk, 2015; Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 103]), 5) related to human empowerment and growth (Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2; Graf , 2019, p. 2; Bachkirova, 2011), 6) still developing (Graf & Wastian, 2014; Brock, 2008, p. 493; Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 4), 7) an open and dynamic process (Brock, 2008, p. 493; Bostic, 2006, p. Xvii), 8) transdisciplinary domains (Seif, 2017; Trifonas, 2015, p. 1; Graf & Ukowitz, 2020; Graf & Dionne, 2021), 9) an applied field (Cox e t al., 2014; Beardsworth & Auxier, 2017, p. 807), 10) problem solving tools and/or methods (Kaartinen & Latomaa, 2011; Grzegorczyk, 2015), and the like. Moreover, at the specific level of the present research, there are many commonalities between Fontanille (2003 [2006]) in SDPS, and coaching. Some of which are: narrative (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 107]); Drake, 2017), discourse (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 1]); Western, 2017; Graf, 2019), action and/or act (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 45]); Graf, 2019, p. 3), body and/or embodiment (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 56]); Jackson, 2017 ; ICF, 2020), language (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 56]); Graf, 2019, p. 2; Folscher-Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019; Grzegorczyk, 2015; ICF, 2020), mood and/or modality (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 113]); ICF, 2020; Sieler, 2014), Phenomenology (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 120]); Folscher-Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019), presence ( Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 14]); Abravanel, 2018; ICF, 2020), feeling, and/or affect, and/or emotion (Graf, 2019, p. 2; Sieler, 2014; Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 124]; ICF, 2020), Rhetoric (Fontanille, (200 3 [2006, p. 198]); Van Leeuwen, 2017), dialectic (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 198]); Brock, 2014, p. 28), Speech Acts (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 65]); Sieler, 2014; Grzegorczyk , 2015; Caccia, 1996), point of view and/or perspective (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, pp. 84 & 156]); ICF, 2020), energy shift (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 41]) ; ICF, 2020; Schneider, 2007, p. 15), values (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 41]); ICF, 2020), beliefs (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, pp. 92 & 118]) ; ICF, 2020), perception (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 8]); ICF, 2020), and others.

2. 1. SDPS and coaching
To the author’s best knowledge, no works has been done about the interaction between Fontanille's ideas in SDPS, and coaching at a scientific and academic level in Iran. Considering non-Iranian sources, we can refer to Lureau who did not use Fontanille’s views, Greimas's student, and rather applied Greimas’s ideas. He (Lureau, 2009) states in a research named “Linguistic coaching: learning and teaching the strategic pragmatics of communication” that in a holistic study of language learning and communication skills, to explicitly analyze the tools and techniques of expression and language learning (native or foreign) we should integrate various other dimensions into a normative, and theoretical framework, and do an interdisciplinary research of the various processes engaged. The different dimensions he puts in his inquiry are: psycho-sociological, linguistics, semiotic and cognitives. Moreover, applying Greimas’s Narrative Program and semiotic tools, examining the problems of change management, and also stressing the School of Palo Alto, and non-separation of the of mind and body, he (2014) in his doctoral dissertation, Strategic-linguistic coaching: towards a science of change?, explores two instances of concrete coaching (one mainly linguistic and the other mainly psychological) based on linguistic coaching, and develops the strategic-linguistic coaching (CSL) model. In addition, Gargiulo & Lureau (2012) have a research entitled “Le coaching d’acteur translinguistique: une sémiotique multi-linéaire de l’interprétation”.

2. 2. Linguistics and coaching
In Figure 1 we can observe linguistics-coaching interface as derived from Brock (Brock, 2014, Figure 3, p. 11):
 
Figure 1
Timeline of root discipline emergence and relationships, derived from
 (Brock, 2014, Figure 3, p. 11)
 
 
To read more about semantic coaching, linguistic coaching, linguistic ontology, ontological coaching and philosophy look at these sources: Brock (2008, p. 71; Winograd & Flores, 1986, p. 174; Sieler, 2014; Dunham, 2009; Caccia, 1996). Linguistics, language, and coaching interface could be found in LOCCS (The Linguistics of Coaching, Consulting & Supervision) as well as these works: Graf, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2019; Graf & Wastian, 2014; Sator & Graf, 2014, pp. 91-122; Graf et al., 2020; Graf & Spranz-Fogasy, 2018; Behn-Taran, 2014; Grzegorczyk, 2015; Deplazes et al., 2018; Jautz, 2018; Folscher Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019; Angouri & Marra, 2011

2. 3. Pragmatism, semiotics and coaching
Bachkirova & Borrington’s study (Bachkirova & Borrington, 2019) on pragmatism and coaching can be related to the present study in terms of some commonalities one of which is Charles Sanders Peirce who is both a semiotician and pragmatist. Moreover, Fontanille in SDPS has applied some of Peirce’s ideas. This research does not discuss the interplay among pragmatism, semiotics and coaching here.

2. 3. Others
It is obvious that semiotics interacts with other areas like leadership, ethnography, teaching, organizations, sports, advertising, management, and so forth which were not included in this study. For example, it can be referred to Trevisani who has pointed to leadership and coaching in the title of his Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/semiotics-deeper-leadership-training-coaching-new-trevisani/.

3. Methodology
Adopting a descriptive-analytic method based on SDPS proposed by Fontanille's ideas (Fontanille, 2003, as translated by Bostic, 2006) in analyzing and solving a case study of one of her clients in one coaching session, the author (the coach of the client) recorded the voice call session by an MP3 player. Besides, in choosing this datum, sociological, pragmatic, anthropological, and other factors were not considered. It goes without saying that a short session does not naturally cover all aspects of SDPS (Fontanille, (2003 [2006])).

4. Results and discussion
Applying Fontanille’s ideas in SDPS about different types of modal identities and modal verbs, transitory identities, and the construction and transformation of the actants’ identity in the transformation trajectory based on the theory of modalities, the author examined a case study in the process of one coaching session in terms of ʻdiscourse in actionʼ. Determining the state of the client of this research (or an actor) based on the different combination of modalities such as M0, M1, M2, M3, and M4, this study recognized the actor as a transformational and trajectory actor. Moreover, regarding the modal dimension of the coaching session discourse, the author described the actor’s doing (performance) based on modalized predicates and her being (competence) based on modal predicates. Additionally, it was shown that the main class of transformation of the actor in the very session derived from communication (the sender and the receiver).
 
5. Conclusion
Based on the present case study, introducing general commonalities between semiotics and coaching as well as specific commonalities between SDPS and coaching, and considering modality, modal verbs, transformational actants, and modalization as construction of the actants’ identity which Fantanille has developed in Paris School, this research argued that SDPS can provide ʻpart ofʼ a comprehensive theoretical framework for conceptualizing coaching and developing it as an academic discipline and subdiscipline. Our datum here was consistent with Fontanille’s ideas, though just one case is not good enough to consider the order of the occurrence of modal verbs and their combinations in Persian’s coaching corpus. Moreover, the author also mentioned that the term ʻKhodnavardiʼ refers to the always ongoing, open process and trajectory of man's confrontation with himself, the other, and the world, as if he were always ʻnavardingʼ. Therefore, considering the order of occurrence of modal verbs and their combinations in the process of construction of modal identities in the trajectory of transformation, the demarcation between these verbs and phases is not necessarily exactly the same because, as Sator & Graf (2014, p. 117) say, we have different types of clients and different discursive trajectories. It is also difficult to delineate exactly these verbs and phases because we have shades of meaning in a form of a mass and intertwinement. Finally, the present inquiry thus develops its model in Figure 2 based on the interaction of ʻKhodnavardiʼ and the mentioned modal verbs in this study:

Figure 2
Semiotic Coaching Model based on the interaction between Khodnavardi, & the mentioned modal verbs in this study
 
    
To some extent, the circular shape of this model can be consistent with the field of presence, the field of discourse, and the field of enunciation proposed by Fontaille. This model has some features some of which were observed in this study such as: open, flexible, fluid, cyclic, intertwined, networked, selective, eclectic, generative, presence-based, and so forth. There are other aspects like embodiment, tension, emotion, affection, aesthetics, creativity, and the like that are related to this model but were not put in this research. In this model, the interplay among modal verbs is fluid, continuous, and conducted in any direction and any way. Also, the relationship among modal verbs is in the form of dashed line to present not only non-absoluteness and gradation, but also the state of breakdown, disjunction and conjunction of discourse at any moment. Additionally, the interaction among the components of the model is recursive/reciprocal, because the order in which verbs emerge, and the type of actor in terms of modal identity, can be differently constructed for each actor in each part of the transformational, ongoing, and becoming process of coaching. In this model, ʻKhodnavardiʼ exists at every moment and phase in the process of change, transformation, and development.  In accordance with the above, the present study suggests ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ. It is the hope of this research to further enrich the basics of ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ in Iran. And as mentioned, in the future process, different fields, sciences, institutions, practitioners, skills, and many more will be intertwined in this transmodern settings that we will enter into transdisciplinary studies: some kind of localization, entrepreneurship, and job creation. In terms of a linguistic approach, many studies can be arranged for this research, both based on the interaction of linguistics with semiotics, and also according to the types of linguistics and its subdisciplines. Moreover, in terms of SDPS, at the macro level, the approach of this research is in some aspects consistent with Bachkirova & Borrington (2019), and on the other hand compatible with some dimensions of Lureau (2009 & 2014) whose case, according to the author of the present study, may overlap to some extent with edusemiotics and educational linguistics. However, the present study did not put and explain the details here. It goes without saying that this inquiry was just a brief report on the beginning of its research trajectory that did not address the very broad aspects and components existing at the macro and micro level in the beginning of transdisciplinary researches.

Notes
  1.  In terms of the publication of the original source of the theoretical framework of this study, we should refer to Bostic, the translator of Fontanille’s book, who says:
The Semiotics of Discourse was initially published in 1998; the present translation is based upon the revised and updated edition, which appeared in 2003. While it remains close to the original, the revised edition is enriched in a number of ways. (Bostic, 2006, p. xi)

Volume 13, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract

Aims: With the increase of human activities in the city, vegetation and natural cover has always decreased and as a result gives its place to the phenomenon of thermal radiation. The phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI) is usually evaluated by the land surface temperature (LST). The negative effects of LST on urban climate can be manifested by sudden increase in rainfall and unexpected weather effects. Therefore, the stability of population centers will face a serious risk and threat. In addition to climatic factors, population changes and changes due to settlement can also affect the temperature of the city.

Methods: In order to achieve the goal of the research, the temperature changes of the city surface between 2012 and 2015 were estimated through Landsat 8 satellite images, and finally, according to the changes and population movements in the 22 districts of Tehran, a spatial-spatial comparative comparison was made between the two. The variable has been measured and evaluated.

Findings: The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between demographic changes and thermal changes in 12 municipal areas. In 8 regions, this relationship is inverse and in 2 regions out of 22 regions, no significant relationship was observed between demographic and thermal changes.

Conclusion: In general, it can be seen that there is a significant relationship between population changes and temperature changes in Tehran metropolis. The increase in the temperature of the earth's surface, which means more human exposure to heat, will change the quality of life.

Volume 14, Issue 67 (0-0)
Abstract



Volume 18, Issue 121 (March 2022)
Abstract

Natural antioxidants are nowadays used to replace synthetic antioxidants to delay or prevent the oxidation of edible oils. In this study, Rapeseed (Brasica napus L.) was used as a natural compound to improve oxidative stability and increase shelf life of soybean oil. In this study, the extract was extracted under the influence of three variables at three levels: concentration (200, 500 and 800 ppm), time (10-30 minutes) and temperature (35-55°C). After extraction optimization, extracts with the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds were added to soybean oil with three concentrations (800, 500 and 200 ppm) and then oil samples at three levels temperature (72, 48 and 24 hours) and temperature (65, 55 and 45°C) were maintained. After various experiments on the extracts, the best extraction conditions for the extracts were determined using response surface methodology and extraction at optimum conditions. The results of the extract extraction optimization process showed that in the hydroethanolic extract, the optimal concentration was 200 ppm, the optimal time was 30 minutes and the optimum temperature was 47.028°C, which was used to evaluate the optimal amount of inhibitory free radical activity and total phenolic compounds in hydroethanol extraction were 43.885% and 39.852 mg GA/g, respectively. The time obtained from the oxidative stability of the oil showed that the time was 72 hours, the concentration was 200 ppm, and the temperature was 45°C. The results of oxidative stability of oil showed that the peroxide and thiobarbiotic acid indices in hydroethanolic extraction were 2.388 meq O2/kg and 0.329 mg/kg, respectively. The results of this study showed that natural antioxidants can be used as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants in edible oil formulations.
 



Volume 18, Issue 121 (March 2022)
Abstract

The tasty yogurt is dairy formulation for which fruits and vegetables and various extracts are used in preparation process. In the present study, Ginger extract (Zingiber Officinale) was used in yogurt formulation in different quantities (2, 4, 6 and 8%) and inhibitory function of free radicals, phenol compounds as well as qualitative tests of product (pH, acidity, watering amount and viscosity) were evaluated after storing yogurt for 1, 10 and 20 days. The results illustrated that ginger extract caused water-soluble phenol compounds and their antioxidant function to become more than in simple yogurt during 10 days storage so that after 10 days the highest antioxidant activity belonged to yogurt including 6 and 8% of ginger extract. The lowest watering amount (water formation) was observed in yogurt including 8% ginger extract and it significantly differed from other samples (P>0.05). The pH loss increased further in yogurt with rising percentage of extract and also increasing storage period. Moreover, adding ginger extract to yogurt reduced viscosity, but there was no significant impact on acidity level of product during storage time (P<0.05).
 

Volume 22, Issue 4 (2-2019)
Abstract

Flexibility, speed of change and innovation are the characteristics of successful companies in their effective time. In order to survive, even for a decade, companies must constantly change, but change solely, is not enough. Changes should be based on collection of appropriate data from the outer and inner environment and their conversion to knowledge. Among the essential skills and competencies of managers in knowledge based companies, one fote most important one is personal knowledge management skills. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate effect of personal knowledge management on innovative culture and performance in knowledge based companies in Kurdistan province in 2017. From methodological perspective, this study is a survey-applied based on descriptive-survey. Required data collected through combining and integrating several standard questionnaires with use of form reforms. Content validity of factors confirmed with the opinion of the experts and then the validity of the test construct was confirmed using factor analysis methods. In order to analyze the collected data, Partial Least Square method (Smart PLS) used. Results confirmed the appropriateness of all research hypotheses and also showed a positive and significant relationship between personal knowledge management and innovative culture and innovative performance in the research model. At the end, there are also suggestions in relation to the research variables.

Volume 27, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract

Urban planning of pilgrimage cities has always been associated with challenges due to their unique characteristics and under the influence holy places present there. The main goal of the current research is to explain the indicators influencing the texture pattern of pilgrimage cities, considering the tourism capacity there. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and has been conducted with the descriptive-analytical method. Also, in order to collect data, the method of document-library studies has been used. The results show that in the planning related to change and development in the context of pilgrimage cities, effective indicators should be explained and taken into consideration by decision-makers and planners, and interventions should be made with comprehensive evaluations, appropriate to the genome of such cities and considering the rights of pilgrims and neighbors. In the current research, 19 indicators affecting the texture pattern of pilgrimage cities include privacy and domain, centrality, enclosure, hierarchy, desirable landscape, appropriateness of religious spaces, cultural-entertainment spaces, residential spaces, service-infrastructure, access network, the context around the holy place, environmental resilience, Islamic lifestyle, religious identity, spirituality, safety and security, education, and social interactions were identified. Then, the important rules and considerations in the planning and development of pilgrimage cities were presented based on the explained indicators.
 


Volume 27, Issue 4 (Winter 2023)
Abstract

Thinkers have suggested the enhancement of public transportation as an effective solution to mitigate transportation-related issues. The tram system is widely regarded as a favorable choice for urban transportation because of its minimal space requirements, low noise generation, and great adaptability. In the context of future urban development in Tabriz, the tram system emerges as a viable solution for improving intra-city transportation. The primary objective of the ongoing study is to evaluate the metrics related to urban tourism and architectural layout in the development of urban tram systems. The research methodology employed aligns with the quantitative nature of the research purpose. Through the conducted research, key indicators concerning the layout of urban tram lines and stations were identified. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the gathered data was carried out utilizing Friedman and Kendall tests in the SPSS software, based on responses obtained from experts in academic and traffic management fields. The results obtained highlight that the element of accessibility, receiving the highest rating, emerges as the most crucial aspect, while fairness and inclusivity, scoring lowest, are identified as the least significant factors in formulating the design indicators for urban tram routes and stations. The indicators of connection and continuity, ease of access, fairness and inclusiveness, efficiency and responsiveness, and sustainable transportation are among the design indicators of tram routes and stations, which are important in all urban contexts. Considering the characteristics of the historical context, the indicators of identity and sustainable tourism are also important in the design of tram routes and stations, along with the mentioned indicators. For this purpose, solutions were proposed in order to realize the presented indicators.


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