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The present study aims to investigate the aggregate analysis of linguistic variables of South Ruedbar language varieties in Kerman province by using the dialectometry and mapping software package with a quantitative and holistic approach. Data collection has been done from 22 sites from the south seven cities of Kerman province. For this purpose, a questionnaire containing 208 words and 10 basic sentences based on ‘National Language Atlas Project Questionnaire of Iran’ and ‘Morris Swadesh basic list words’ are used. The validity of mentioned questionnaire was 0.98 based on Cronbach’s alpha test. The results of aggregate analysis showed that 6 major dialect clusters are distinct and these dialect clusters are divided into subclusters. Each of these dialect clusters has distinct phonetical, phonological, morphological, or syntactical features that set it apart from other clusters. Based on statistical analysis, the ‘A’ dialect cluster due to the use of the continuous prefix /mi-/ and plural suffix /-hɑ/ in comparison to other clusters has the highest similarity and the ‘B’ cluster in cases such as the use of the infinitive suffix /-eng/ and continuous suffix /-æ/ has the highest difference in terms of morphology and syntacticity with the standard Persian. The ‘J’, ‘D’, ‘H’ and ‘V’ dialect clusters despite their distinction from the standard Persian, as the use of the continuous prefix /-ʔæ/ and plural suffix /-on/, are most similar to Aeach other and in terms of phonetic process and the presence of South Ruedbar variety special phones are similar to ‘B’cluster.

 

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Adaption from literary works for cinema is classified into interdisciplinary researches. In recent decades, it has drawn the interest of many comparatists. In this viewpoint, the comparative literature tries to change the purely theoretical position of human science by creating relation between it and other sciences, especially literature, and enrich it by linking to other arts, especially cinema. The purpose of this article is introducing and analyzing the dramatic characteristics of Khossfy’s "Khavaran-name" (as a qualified writing) by interactive and comparative approach based on the position and importance of adaption from literature in cinema. These dramatic characteristics that are made "Khavaran-name" as a qualified writing are: use of fictional and narrative aspect, dramatic characters, suspension, variety of conflicts, possessing rich content, and coordination between content, space and pictures. The method of this article is descriptive –analytical based on Khavaran-name using accepted theories associated with adaption in cinema that is an advanced method concerning with American school and its interdisciplinary approach in comparative literature.

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Optical properties of graphene oxide and poly methyl methacrylate nanocomposite was investigated in this paper. Initially, graphene oxide was prepared from the oxidation of graphite powder by a strong acid by Hummers-Offemane method. Then identification, purity determination and particle size were obtained by using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The average size of graphene oxide nano particles was estimated about 38.4 nm using the XRD technique. So nano composites of graphene oxide based on poly methyl methacrylate were prepared by the co-precipitation method as an optical sensor element. Nano  composites were identified and characterized by FE SEM, EDX, XRD and FT IR analyzes. To investigate the optical properties of the specimens, UV-vis spectro photometry and reflective spectrometer were used. For three samples of the poly methyl methacrylate nano composite containing nano -graphene oxide, the values ​​of the color parameters b *, a * and L * were obtained that were prepared in the same conditions. Then the black index of the Westlanchr('39')s ratio was calculated. The average blackness index calculated was 3.7 for this nano composite. The study of UV-vis spectra in the region of 400-1100 nm for this nano composite showed that in the 400 - 700 nm regions the light transmission of UV light is approximately zero. Therefore, the results showed that the use of graphene oxide in the PMMA matrix improves the nano composite coating properties against UV waves and nano oxide graphene gives better shades of black color compared to other fillers and pigments.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer products mainly due to their antimicrobial action. The rapid increase in the use of nanoparticles has driven more attention to their possible ecotoxicological effects. In this study: first, acute effects of colloidal AgNPs during embryonic stage of Persian sturgeon and Starry sturgeon were investigated and then in Starry sturgeon, their short-term effects during early life stages (before active feeding commences) were analyzed. Based on the obtained results from the acute toxicity tests, AgNPs induced a dose-dependent toxicity in both species during early life stages. The short-term toxicity test was performed using 0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/l of colloidal AgNPs. Silver accumulation in larvae exposed to 0.1 mg/l AgNPs was recorded significantly higher than the control treatment (P<0.05). However, the obtained survival rate data did not indicate any significant differences among treatments.

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چکیده در مقاله‏ی پیش رو تلاش شده با در نظر گرفتن کتاب تنگسیر اثر صادق چوبک (1342) و فیلم اقتباس شده از آن ساخته‏ی امیر نادری (1352) به عنوان نمونه، در یک بررسی تطبیقی به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی نشان داده شود که اقتباس سینمایی چگونه می‏تواند زوایای مختلف و ناپیدای یک متن ادبی را نشان داده و در چه مواردی نیز در نشان دادن تمام ابعاد ایده و فکر مسلط بر اثر ادبی دچار ضعف و نقصان است. در یک برآیند کلی می‎توان گفت با وجود وفاداری فیلم‌ساز به قصه‏ی اصلی در ساخت فیلم، تغییراتی در اثر سینمایی وجود دارد که برخی در نتیجه‏ی تفاوت ساختار بیان در دو رسانه‏ی مختلف ادبیات و سینماست و از آن گزیری نیست؛ دیگری تفاوت‏هایی است که فیلم‏ساز برای بهبود چارچوب انتقال محتوا و تشدید اثر حسی در انتقال به مخاطب از آنها بهره برده، که اثرات مثبت و منفی مشخصی ایجاد کرده و در نهایت برخی از تغییرات نیز به انگیزه‏های اقتصادی و جلب توجه مخاطب عام بیشتر و با رویکردهای تجاری است که از یک سو باعث کاهش وجه هنری در بیان فیلم نسبت به اثر ادبی و ایجاد ابهام در انتقال کامل ایده‏ و اندیشه‏ی مسلط بر اثر شده، اما از سوی دیگر میزان استقبال مخاطبان عام از قشرهای مختلف جامعه را افزایش داده است.

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The purpose of this article is to investigate the capacities and trends of the literary text in the transformation into a computer game by analyzing the descriptive-analytical method by examining the part of inferno from the text of Dante's Divine Comedy and its adaptation game. The main question to answer is that the Ardavirafname of Persian classical literature, given the structural and content similarities with the Divine Comedy, will have the capabilities to reproduce in the form of a computer game. With this description, it is possible to conclude from the simultaneous review of the game and the text of inferno and to compare the artifacts with it, it can be concluded that the fictional framework of both the literary works is similar, and the narrative of the artifacts is also reinforced by the struggle, suspension, and complementary narratives, The ability to become a fitting story of the game is adapted. The heroes of both texts have common characteristics and, like the game of inferno, one can remove the characters in a descriptive way, and by turning the function and the active connections into desirable characters for an adaptation game. The space and place described in Dante's text and detailed in the adaptation game is faithfully reproduced, and in terms of both qualitative and symbolic expressions, the visualization function has the same capability and has the capacity to be amplified and expanded descriptions and spatial images are becoming an appropriate place to create a multi-stage adaptive computer game.
 

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The legume crops such as chickpea and lentils are mainly cultivated in semi-arid tropical lands. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) causes major losses to legumes throughout the world. Producing of specific antibody against this virus is crucial for surveys of disease in the fields and assessment of vial resistance in plant cultivars. Present article describes developing of specific antibody against the CpCDV virus by applying recombinant protein. In this study, coat protein of CpCDV was selected as a target for detection and preparation of polyclonal antibody. To achieve this aim CP gene encoding coat protein of CpCDV was initially PCR-amplified and inserted into bacterial expression vector. Expression of recombinant protein was performed in Bl21 strain of Escherichia coli. Purification was carried out under native conditions and the accuracy of recombinant protein production was confirmed by electrophoresis. The purified recombinant coat protein of CpCDV was used for immunization of rabbit. Purification of immunoglobulin molecules was performed by affinity chromatography using protein A column followed by conjugating of IgG to alkaline phosphatase enzyme. The capability of purified antibodies and conjugates for efficient detection of infected plants was assessed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), western blotting and dot immunosorbent assay (DIBA). These results proved that prepared IgG and conjugate are able to distinguish with high efficiency CpCDV infected plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for production of anti-CpCDV antibodies raised through recombinant protein technology.

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Dramatic and fictional literature has long been inextricably linked since language emerged as a means of communication; storytelling as a means of expressing life events and drama as a means of communicating with the world around us, have always met the most important human needs in relation to each other, and in the course of their lives, their tools and capabilities have been shared and expanded to the present. Today, the drama uses some of the features and capabilities of fiction literature and fiction literature for some drama. However, in this study we try to focus on some of the dramatic situation that Georges Poletti has identified in Thirty-Six cases to study works “Ivy” by Deledda and ²Christine and Kidd² by Hooshang Golshiri in a descriptive-analytic method to show how content subscriptions have created the dramatic capacity in two works. Accordingly, the findings of the study show that although the works of these two authors have been formed in two different schools with different coordinates, but they share the dramatic situation associated with a common theme of love and attention to human and emotional relationships. Due to Golshiri by focusing on individual dimension of relationships and deledda by focusing on the social context of the formation and development of the characters, have succeeded in creating dramatic situation in thier work

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The tribe Orthosiini Guenée, 1837, one of the six tribes of Hadeninae subfamily is represented by 17 genera worldwide. Of those, three genera including Orthosia Ochsenheimer, 1816, Perigrapha Lederer, 1857 and Egira Duponchel, 1845 have recorded in Iran. Here, we present a Catalogue of Orthosiini of Iran including 15 species of this tribe with their provincial distribution in Iran. Identification keys for the Iranian species are provided as well. Perigrapha cilissa Püngeler, 1917 is recorded for the first time from Iran. The external and genital characteristics of the newly recorded species are given, beside the illustrations of the adults and their genitalia.

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­­­The biodiversity of the Noctuidae, an economically important family of Noctuoidea which include major crop pests, is becoming well-identified nowadays in Iran due to the increased number of faunal expeditions. The two large subfamilies of Noctuidae namely Xyleninae Guenée, 1837 and Noctuinae Latreille, 1809 comprise the majority of Iran's noctuid moth fauna. Two species, Leucochlaena hoerhammeri (Wagner, 1931) and Dichagyris (Stenosomides) mansoura (Chrétien, 1911) members of Xyleninae and Noctuinae subfamilies, respectively, are recorded from Iran for the first time. This is also the first record of the subgenus Stenosomides Strand, 1942 from Iran. Both the external and genital characteristics of the newly recorded species are presented together with illustrations of the adults and their genitalia.

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Objective: CREB1 is an important downstream protein for many signaling pathways. By designing efficient siRNAs against CREB1, it may be possible to assess the role of molecules involved in signaling pathways in different cell types. In this research the efficiency of CREB1 knockdown by two different siRNAs in K562 cells has been studied. Materials and Methods: siRNAs have been designed according to the criteria suggested by Reynolds et al. K562 cells were transfected by siRNA using Lipofectamine 2000. The efficiency of CREB knockdown has been assessed by quantitative relative Real-time PCR. Results: Our results have shown that only one of the siRNAs has a high level of inhibitory effect on CREB1 gene expression. The expression of CREB1 by this siRNA was knocked-down by 87% in K562 cells. Conclusion: In this research, although two siRNAs were designed according to the Reynolds et al. criteria, only one showed an inhibitory effect. Reasons other than the aforementioned criteria may be involved in effectiveness of siRNAs.

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The indirect application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in controlling the common fungal infection during the incubation period of Persian sturgeon -saprolegniasis - was investigated in this research. Filters containing 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% of AgNPs in two states without agent and with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coupling agent along with the control treatment (without filter) were the treatments investigated in the present study. The results showed that in the first 48 hours of incubation, which corresponds to embryonic growth before the start of neurulation, despite the start of contaminating the water in the incubators with Saprolegnia fungus, fungal infection was not seen in any of the investigated treatments. The results of measuring the amount of silver released from the studied filters at the end of the first 12 hours of incubation showed that the amounts of silver released in the water in the treatments of 1% AgNP filters without APTES and with APTES were significantly higher than other filters containing AgNPs. This trend was repeated at the next sampling rounds (48 and 96 hours) with the difference that the release rate was significantly higher only in the 1% AgNP-APTES filter treatment. In the treatment of AgNP-APTES filters, the percentage of hatching showed a significant increase compared to the control filter treatment.

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Making computer games in different styles using literary texts is one of the common methods in the game-media-making industry, and due to the technological advances available in Iran and the need for production. Cultural content with a national approach, making computer games adaptation of Iranian literature and culture is necessary. In the present study, the aim is to take an interdisciplinary and pragmatic view while providing appropriate indicators for making a computer game from a narrative text, by analyzing the capacities of one of the works of classical Persian Folk literature Firoozshah (Darabnameh) by Beighami, to show descriptively-analytically how this text and similar works can be used to produce a computer game. However, there seems to be an action-packed narrative with epic and lyrical themes, along with a variety of locations to build the various stages of an open world game and rely on fighting heroes who, in an interactive atmosphere, have the capacity to create coexistence. Has an acceptable perception, along with the multiplicity of characters and their ups and downs to create all kinds of physical conflicts, along with the capacity to design mental challenges in the form of a search framework and a variety of main and secondary missions, is a platform that works This type of literature is suitable for the production of computer games with an effective approach to indigenous culture.

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Mode I fracture toughness (KIC) is one of the most important parameters in fracture mechanics, which represents the ability of a material containing a pre-existing defect to resist tensile failure. In this paper, the crack length effect on the mode I fracture toughness of an isotropic homogeneous material was investigated. For this purpose, several disc shaped PPMA samples were loaded in pure tension by performing pseudo-compact tension (pCT) tests. Digital image correlation (DIC) method was utilized to assess and monitor the distribution of the deformation field during the tests. DIC results were also used to compare the effect of crack length on the deformation field variation in samples. Very good agreement was found between the KIC values estimated in this study and those reported in the past for the similar material; indicating that the pCT method is convenient for the assessment of KIC. The experimental results also show that the initial crack length has a tangible impact on KIC, although the magnitude of its influence is closely related to material structure and type. According to the tests results, an increase in the initial crack length leads to increase the ultimate displacement at failure point, decrease the maximum load and the amount of absorbed energy until the moment of failure, and finally decrease the mode I fracture toughness of the material. Results of this study show that the pCT method configuration is useful for testing PMMA and may be useful for testing other materials suitable amenable of molding such as mortar, concrete and ceramics. According to the comparison of the results, in the optimum range of sample diameter, about 50 mm, the initial crack length is suggested between 11.5 to 15.5 mm for the PMMA.