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In this study, the effect of fructooligosaccharide as a prebiotic on the growth and density of lactobacillus in intestine of stellate (Acipenser stellatus) has been investigated. To do this, 90 individuals of stellate fingerlings (ten in each replications) were prepared with an average weight of 30.16 ± 0.14 gr from International Sturgeon Research Institute. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications in fiberglass tanks with 2000 liters volume. They were fed with feed containing 0, 1 and 2 percents of fructooligosaccharide (Raftilos P95, Sigma Company). Results indicated that feed with one percent fructooligosaccharide had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on weight gain, SGR, FCR, FE, PER and HI. The number of colonies regarding to lactobacillus showed a significant increase compared to the control (in one percent fructooligosaccharide). Results indicated that fructooligosaccharide as a prebiotic (in level of one percent in feed) caused good growth capabilities and feed efficiency through increasing the density of lactobacillus in intestine.

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An important subject in the field of linguistics is the impact of one thought system on the community of lingual symbols. The relationship between mind and language conventions has long been of interest to linguists. The importance of this relationship becomes more prominent in comparative approaches where, through comparative study and analysis of the main schemas of the ideas of several thinkers or artists, the researcher traces the consistent and common use of linguistic symbols. In the hermeneutic analysis of the works of Mowlana Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Rumi, the interpretation of symbols, analogy and codes governing his mind and language is a major research interest. One of the most important branches among these researches concerns the kinship of Mowlana’s language codes with other thinkers and artists. On the other hand, Nietzsche, as a transcendental thinker, tries to use a symbolic language in explaining his thinking system. Due to his familiarity with the culture and literature of the East and the essential sameness of some of his principles with Mowlana’s transcendental approaches about the existence, morality, art , etc., Nietzsche achieves a set of symbols common with Rumi, which forms a shared language between the two thinkers.  

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Intertextuality of two text: Comparative analysis between king Lear and Feridoon Comparative study which has opened to investigation the text could illuminate the relationship between cultures and shows the originality and richness of one literature alongside with range of its stubbornness of our or other culture. Comparative analysis between Feridoon’s tragedy and King Lear shows the interlocking relationship and arrangement between two texts in different and completely dissimilar culture and different historical context with two kind of language. Although mapping out the conscious or unconscious trace and impact of this texts over each other is completely impossible but the high level of intersexuality between the two texts is obvious so that this relationship could not be ignored. “similarity of plot”, “being tragically”, “impulses”, “familiarity of two text”, “dividing of kingdom”, “presence of destiny”, “parallel of characters”, “conflict”, “prediction”, “chorus” could be accepted as issues which are convinced common points between the two text. The analysis and survey toward understanding the equivalent between the two texts by helping of comparative literature is the fundamental question which has been followed by this paper.

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Among the recently collected chalcidoid wasps in a rice field of eastern Guilan province (coast of Caspian Sea), in July 2012, there was a specimen of Pteromalidae belonging to the genus Callitula. It was identified as Callitula ferrierei (Bouček, 1964). Both genus and species are new record for Iranian fauna. Morphological characters and geographical distribution of the newly recorded species are given.

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Projected global climate change may have a major influence on crop yield. The likely effects of climate change caused by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on rice yield in Iran were evaluated using a mechanistic growth model for rice, GSAC-rice, running under a climate change scenario predicted for a doubled-CO2 (2xCO2) atmosphere by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) General Circulation Model (GCM). Simulations were run for two locations with contrasting climates, one in the north (Rasht) and one in the south (Ahwaz) of Iran. GFDL predicted that as a result of doubling CO2 , temperature increases by 4.5 and 4.6 0C during the rice growing season in Rasht and Ahwaz, respectively. Changes in solar radiation are minor, but rainfall during the rice growing season decreases by 38.8% (102 mm) for Rasht and 68.2% (5.8 mm) for Ahwaz. It was predicted that doubling [CO2] alone increased rice yield by 30%, but that yield decreases by 3.7 and 11.6% for each degree centigrade rise in temperature in Rasht and Ahwaz, respectively. As a result of the combined effect of both doubling [CO2] and the climate change accompanying it (predicted with GFDL), 8% greater rice could be produced in Rasht, but irrigation needs would be increased dramatically by 57%. In Ahwaz (the south of Iran), rice production could be halved and might not even remain a viable option unless plant breeders are able to produce more heat tolerant rice cultivars. It was concluded that rice production in the north and south of the country would change dramatically.

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SARAY" is part of the intangible heritage of the Azerbaijani people rooted in the culture, mentality and attitude of the people. So, it has been represented in oral literature, music, stories and poetry. In this study, the intangible cultural heritage is considered a cultural property, which pave the way to represent will, resistance and individual arguments of actual community activists to pass the crisis social and cultural contexts. The conceptual representation belongs to notion of Plato emerging in the idea and practice of recent intellectuals in the field of spiritual heritage which is now the main academic subject. This study was conducted qualitatively and has a descriptive and phenomenological research methodology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the permanent character of spiritual values or their representation in the urban life of the inhabitants of Ardebil by studying the spiritual heritage of Saray in the modern life of women in Ardabil. Intangible cultural heritage contains the historical, cultural, spiritual, scientific, and aesthetic values of current era, and can contribute to the growth and mobility of shared values and representations of values in everyday life. On the other hand, it refers to the existence of the culture of resistance and ethics of the region, and today it can be represented in the renewal of moral values, the commitment to the family for the present generations and future.

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Based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s point of view, the Dialogism, novel, more than anything else, is a linguistic phenomenon, which has a fair correlation between its genuine and its feature of heteroglossia. Language expresses the different social and ideological approaches of the utterances within a translinguistics framework. So the novel compiles all of these diverse social and ideological discourses and utterances. Different Character zones and discourses of the narrator, and embedded genres create a world of different voices and ideologies. From a feminist critique perspective (Gyno criticism), the novel Cheraghha ra Man Khamush Mikonam (I turn off the lights), applies social and cultural differences in different discourses to indicate the writer’s womanly standpoint through various social languages and utterences, and therefore, makes grounds for the promotion of the womanly voice in a multi-linguistic system. Here, through a descriptive-analytical method, we are going to study the “Heteroglossia” feature in the novel Cheraghha ra Man Khamush Mikonam written by Zoya Pirzad in the light of Bakhtin’s dialogism, and also from the Gyno criticism point of view, to analyze the diversity of discourses in this womanly novel. In this novel, the womanly awareness is indicated by the writer, the double-voiced discourse consists of the writer’s double-voice discourse and that of the narrator, embedded genres and the Character’s zones display the different social and cultural levels available, which also result in the appearance of a womanly world in the novel.

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Different attitudes in to the subject of translation have led to appearance of several topics in its extent, each of which has expanded the science of translation in different points of view and provided the grounds for its conversion into a separate field, entitled "translation studies". Among the many topics in this field, this article reviews the history of translation of the Holy Quran in terms of distinguishing between viewpoint and theory. In this regard, the issue of research is: what kind of view on the matter of translation is shown in the historical course of translation of the Qur'an? Studies on the evolution of the history of translations from the beginning of Islamic history to contemporary era, especially in Persian translations of the Holy Quran, shows that according to the definition of "translation theory", what happened in the history of translation of the Qur'an is more view pointing rather than a theoretical perspective. Of course, the existence of some successful theorizing in the historical course of the translation of Quran cannot and should not be ignored.
 

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Death" is the inevitable event of all humans. Some put it into oblivion, and some epistemologically accept it as reality and certainty. Investigating and analyzing the narratives of the two tyrannical, powerful and bloodthirsty characters in stories of Ferdowsi and Albert Camus and how they deal with their own and others' deaths is the main issue of this study. Caligula and Zahhak, who saw themselves as the absolute commander of the life and property of human, believed that they could also control death, trying to rid themselves of the fear of death by killing others, but nature faced with the phenomenon of death. How Ferdowsi (representing Islamic scholars) and Albert Camus (representing Existentialism) deal with the events of the story illuminates the philosophy of life and death from the standpoint of two thinkers in the East and the West. Both officials, after gaining power, commence unprecedented oppression and killing. Like all people in the world, they are scared to death and want to seize the power of nature to kill humans by killing them. Killing is the only way to combat the fear of death. The fate of both characters is similar, and eventually they are ousted from power due to murder and bloodshed against both rebels

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One of the most important stages of planning process (in all levels) is the evaluation of plans and programs. This process helps to improve plans, decision making and the possibility and reality of plans. Evolution can be accounted as an important factor in modifying the weak points in development plans and increasing the monitoring process. Rural development planning has recently encountered serious challenges such as: employment, participation of local peoples, increase of rural products, poverty alleviation, empowering individuals and trying to decrease regional disparities between the rural and urban areas. In Iran, various governmental organizations in rural areas have been active after the land reform and all of them tried to achieve their special goals. Social welfare organization is one of the most important organizations among them. This organization with its rural social welfare complex provides services to the rural residents. The present research attempted to study a rural welfare complex as a governmental organization and evaluate its role in rural development and social welfare of all villagers, specially the target groups. Therefore, the rural welfare complexes of Sojas, Karasf and Garmab in Khodabandeh suburb were studied using retrospective panel method and through measuring changes in time during T1 (before under coverage) and T2 (after under coverage). The analysis of the social- cultural and economic indicators showed that the function of these complexes are significant in the social affairs of the villagers and ensuring their basic need's compared with other factors α =%5.

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Phytophthora root and crown rot of soybean is known as a destructive disease of soy-bean both through out the world and in Iran. Physiologic races of Phytophthora soja were determined in this research and also a fast, accurate and simple method for inoculation of soybean to test race specific resistance. During the years　2001-4, infected soybean plants at different growth stages were collected from different areas and 22 isolates of P. sojae were recovered using PARPH medium. Physiological races of the pathogen were deter-mined on differential seedling lines by the hypocotyl inoculation method. Ten seedlings from each differential line grown in a 10-cm pot were inoculated under greenhouse condi-tions (25ºC) by a 10-14 days old fungus (LBA medium). The reaction of the seedlings was classified after 5-6 days as resistant (70% or more of seedlings alive) or susceptible (70% or more of the seedlings killed). Most isolates were identified as race one, six as race three, one as race four and one as a putative race 13. Race-specific resistance of the 60 cultivars towards race three was determined. Some of them such as ‘TMS’, ‘Maverick and ‘Williams 82’ were considered as resistant cultivars. All experiments were repeated three times.

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Objective: β-thalassemia is caused by absence or reduction of β-globin chain synthesis. One of the effective therapeutic methods for this disease can be gene therapy by viral vectors. The capacity of lentiviral vectors is approximately 8 kb, we designed a 6 kb construct containing mini LCR and β-globin gene instead of LCR region. The aim of this study is to make a recombinant lentiviruses containing miniLCR and β-globin gene for transfer to the target cells for gene therapy of β-thalassemia. Materials and Methods: HS2, HS3, HS4 segments (mini LCR) and β-globin gene with 5΄ and 3΄ UTR were amplified from the genomic DNA of a normal individual by PCR. Each segment was cloned in pTZ57R/T vector and then sub cloned first into the pBGGT vector and finally into the pLenti-Dest vector. Final transfer vector and the three helper packaging plasmids (Plp1, Plp2, Plp/VSVG) were cotransfected into 293T packaging cells using lipofectamine 2000. Harvested viruses were confirmed by RT-PCR on extracted RNA of these recombinant lentiviruses. Results: The titer of lentiviral stock determined in a K562 cell line and compared with COS-7 cell line. The titer in both cell lines was the same. Optimum MOI for COS-7 cell line was 5 and when polybrene was used transduction increased by 2 fold. The remaining transduced COS-7 colonies were expanded and DNA was extracted. By PCR, random integration of construct into the genome was evaluated. Conclusion: The produced lentiviruses can be an appropriate means for effective transfer of the designed construct into dividing and non-dividing cells such as hematopoetic stem cells for transplantation of beta thalassemia patients. Efficiency of transduction by leniviruses is more than the gene targeting technique. Also units of HS2, HS3 and HS4 regions in mini LCR and selection of larger HS3 unit may increase the expression of beta globin gene.

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Objective: Alpha-thalassemia is one of the most prevalent hemoglobin disorders in the world and it is a common hereditary condition caused by deletion of one or more α-globin genes. Common α-thalassemia deletions like 3.7 kb, 4.2 kb, 20.5 kb and Med can be detected by Multiplex PCR. There are, however, some unknown deletions that can not be detected by the mentioned method or even by direct DNA sequencing. In the present study, Real-time PCR was used to determine the presence or absence of unknown deletions. Materials and Methods: Real-time PCR was performed using intercalating dye SYBR Green I and α1, α2 and CLCN7 genes were amplified. Data analysis was conducted using comparative threshold method (ΔΔCT) for determination of Gene dosage of α1-globin and α2-globin genes. Results: The results showed the ratio of 0.90±0.16 for normal individuals and the ratio of 0.32±0.15 for carrier samples with deletions. In addition, Melting curve analysis confirmed the specific amplification of target genes. Conclusion: The Real-time PCR assay is simple, rapid, and reliable. It can be applied for direct determination of unknown deletions in Alpha-thalassemia carriers.

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Imbalance between resources and expenditures, inefficient investment management of available, the need for structural reform and the successful experience of a multi-pillar social security system in some countries, have encouraged this system in Iran. Research aims to identify and prioritize the challenges and impeller forces effective in the implementation of this system and evaluate the resources organization and develop and select scenario. The research modeling was carried out using DEMATEL technique and data analysis done with ANP. The research method is descriptive, and based on a survey of experts that includes 45 social security managers in Isfahan province. The results showed that the most effective challenge group is the "Challenges of Insurance and Retirement" and the "Proximity to The Financial Breakeven Point" is a major sub-challenge. Also, two factors of "sustainable financing" and "interaction of related institutions and organizations" were identified as two forces behind the establishment of this system. By placing these two propellers on the Schwartz matrix, the most probable scenario detected as the Honey free hive.

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ABSTRACT Rosa damascena has attracted considerable attention in horticulture, biochemistry and in pharmacology because of the fragrance of the flowers and the high content of its bio-logically active substances. There is limited information available on factors controlling flower yield and its components. The present study reports an investigation on flower yield and the various factors affecting it, in Iranian Rosa damascena using sixteen geno-types collected from different regions in Iran. These genotypes were planted at Isfahan Agriculture Research Center, using a randomized complete block design with three repli-cations in 2005. Twelve yield determining characters including flower yield per plant, number of flowers per plant, fresh flower weight, plant height, canopy diameter, length and width of bud, number of petal per flower, length and width of receptacle, fresh weight of petal as well as flowering period were recorded. Rosa damascena genotypes sig-nificantly varied for all the traits except for the fresh weight of petals per flower. Pheno-typic and genotypic coefficients of variation for flower yield per plant (48.03%, 36.49%), number of flowers per plant (40.65%, 26.99%), number of petals per flower (37.56%, 32.31%) were higher than the coefficients for other tested traits. Cluster analysis revealed that Khuzestan and Shiraz 2 genotypes were the most related ones, while the most inde-pendent ones were the western and eastern Azerbaijan genotypes. Results of stepwise re-gression analysis showed that 90 percent of total variation of flower yield per plant could be explained by the number of flowers per plant. This suggested that number of flowers per plant is the most important component determining flower yield per plant. According to principle component analysis, parents with a high standing of the following traits: fresh weight of flower, number of petals per flower and bud width, may well be employed for hybridization in a breeding program. Regression and cluster analyses proved to be the appropriate multivariate analyses for an identification of Rosa damascena genotypes pos-sessing the desirable characters for hybridization to develop improved cultivars.

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In the current era, innovation and innovation performance are inevitable in many organizations. Decentralization creates flexibility that enables companies to respond quickly to changing market, customer and technology needs. Employee involvement creates dynamism in the organization and absorptive capacity as an important indicator enables companies to acquire, absorb, transform, and exploit knowledge to maintain competitive advantage. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine organizational aspects such as decentralization, employee involvement, absorptive capacity and their interactions on the performance of business innovation and business performance. The research method was survey-analytical and using a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was 0.943 and the validity was confirmed based on the content validity measurement and Lavche formula (CVR). The statistical population includes the staff of the General Department of Wagons. Using random sampling, 50 questionnaires were completed and analyzed by SPSS software. The results of the research show that decentralization, employee involvement and absorptive capacity are positively associated with innovation performance and innovation performance also affects business performance.

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Objective: Sea cucumber is a traditional food and medical item and has been reported to exhibit Antioxidant, antifungal, anti tumoral and antibacterial bioactivity. The objective of this study is to describe the antibacterial activity of 4 extracts of Holoturia. Sp (sea cucumber), collected from Hengam Island of Persian Gulf. Materials and Methods: Methanol, hexane, aqueous and chloroform extracts from body wall tissue of the sea cucumber were screened for antibacterial activity against three strains of Escherichia coli Top 10 F´, TG1 and K12 using disc diffusion and broth microdilution tests methods. Result: The growth of all these strains were inhibited using concentration from 0.78 to 100 mg/ml of methanol, hexan and chloroform extracts. Among the extracts just methanol and chloroform with 100 mg/ml had bactericidal effect on TG1 and K12 strains. On the other hand, Aqueous extract had induced growth in of the all strains. Conclusion: The results suggest the possibility of applying sea cucumber as source of potential anti bacterial agents, whose compounds can be good candidates to make antibiotic products.