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Pre-service teacher education programs play a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of teachers' identities, wherein both formal and hidden curriculums exert significant influences (Beauchamp and Thomas, 2009). This qualitative study delves into the development of Language Teacher Identities (LTIs) among student teachers at Farhangian University, with a particular focus on the reformed curriculum.A qualitative research method was used. A total of 27 female student teachers shared their experiences through individual and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the interviews. The findings revealed mismatches between the student teachers’ envisioned identities and the curriculum’s expected identity, leading to feelings of cognitive unpreparedness. The study also highlighted the significant roles of both formal and hidden curriculums in shaping teacher identity, with both positive and negative changes observed in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The implications drawn from the study’s findings provide insights into curriculum design and teacher education programs, offering guidance on how to effectively support the construction of teacher identity and raise student teachers’ awareness of this transformative process.

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Abstract TAZKERAT - AL - ULIA is the only work by Farrid - Al - Din Attar in prose form. It expresses the biography, ideas and deeds of seventy two mystics and sofism. The reflection of historical, political and literary events affairs and creation on the works of Attar in particular , and Farsi literature of that time in general is quite interesting. In order to study the dramatic aspects of Tazkerat –Al –Ulia it is necessary to read, analyse and evaluate them in a different set of literary and artistic terms, that is to say dramatic and theatrical terms. The elements of theatre contain elements of play, performance, dramatic devices and techniques. In order to reveal the theatrical capacities and potentials of Tazkerat – Al - Ulia a selection of its narratives (three stories) 1 - Fozail Ayyaz, 2 - Rabee Advieh, 3 – Hosein – Ebn - Mansour Hallaj is in the center of present study and their theatrical and dramatic aspects of the prementioned stories have been analysed and evaluated in theatre critical terms. The researcher hopes that her research findings has shed light on the theatrical and dramatic potentials and values of Tazkerat –Al –Ulia and paves the way for dramatization and stage adaptation of the stories of the work in question.

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The recent concept of the cultural landscape is the result of the development of the contemporary society and it`s valuables. In the past years, often the special art works and important monuments were being noticed, but after the world war and its destructions and the enormous industrial development in the decade of 1950’s, people understood that their lives had a close relationship with the environment in which they had lived or worked, and this became a basis for the recognition of the cultural identity and a spiritual reference for a balanced way in their lives. Due to the considerable influence of the cultural regeneration on the desirable components of quality in the living environment of the citizens; the concepts of quality of citizen’s life and the effect of indexes of the objective quality on the citizen’s life, would be studied. On this basis, nowadays paying attention to the urban centers and the solutions based on the necessity of increase in quality of life is very important for the managers and urban program designers; because the desirable quality of the spaces have an undeniable effect on the humanity sensations and spaces are the basis of social and public activities, holding the ceremonies, identification factor of the cities, the arena for the believes to emerge, their thoughts and the way of living.In addition, regarding the fact that one of the main aspects and concentrations of urban buildings and building the large cities was based on the urban complexes, and nowadays the neglectfulness of the urban managers about these type of spaces has made a lot of problems for these centers which have degraded the quality of the life environments of the citizens. Zandiye complex of shiraz, which is a special kind of cultural landscape within the urban environment; is going to be studied and instructions based on the regeneration would be presented to improve the quality of the citizen’s life in this urban complex. The effects of this complex on Shiraz are so that it has defined a part of the identity of this city during the history, because the national and religious ceremonies have been held in this complex. Regardless of the vastness and importance of the Karimkhan complex of buildings due to the diverse and new functions, the zand street passing through the complex and some social-cultural issues, have affected the living quality and sustainable presence of the citizens; So a qualitative coordinator design seems to be very essential. It is obvious that the improvement of the quality of life in the cultural landscape in urban space needs to have access to the criteria’s and conditions which meet the consent of the citizen by providing their spiritual and non-spiritual requirements. The investigation procedure of this paper is based on the descriptive-analytic research method or the historical case study approach. The resources of this research are libraries and field observations.

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Abstract:
Relying on the dramatic effects and all cultural potentials of Iranian old and poular literature, this paper aims to deal with the possibilities to contemporarize them for new media productions. Literature is one of the most prominent icons of Iranian rich culture. A notable part of Iranian literature is composed of folklores and popular narratives, which are genuinely full of novel themes and authenticated knowledge to be adapted into film and TV series. The present research will show why exactly Iranian contemporary film-makers and play writers, despite the existing large culrual legacy, have failed so far to apply the potential capabilities. Using a pathological approach to the historical discontinuities happened during the evolution of dramatic functions of Persian old narratives, this study attempts to present a qualitative assessment of these literary art works. After reconsidering the most significant elements of Iranian popular narratives, the paper goes then to propund some common ignored challenges concerning the "adaptation" techniques for media productions. Finally, we would describe a typical narrative of Iranian folklore by which a practical method for new possible adaptation for Iranian TV drama might be provided.

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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most common occupational health education problems in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an occupational ergonomic training educational programon awareness, attitude and work-related musculoskeletal disorders behavior among Office Workers.
Methods and Materials: Firstly,200 office workers from 12 health centerswere recruited. Withresponse rate of 90%, 180 eligible participants, were assigned to receive an 8-week participatory ergonomic occupational training educational program available in Shemiranat, Tehran, Iran. A self-controlled longitudinal study with pre/post design was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention among office workers in 2015-2016. Post-test was then administered to the participants to identify changes at 3 months after intervention.
Results: Totally, 200 participants with a mean age of 37.48 ± 8.78 years old completed this study. The 3-month follow-up rate was 90%. After the intervention, the awareness rate, attitude and MSDs work-related health behaviors were improved. The self-reported prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders for neck, shoulder, upper and lower back pain or discomfort were significantly lower than before intervention (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The MSDs work related behaviors as well as MSDs prevalence can be improved through the health education program. It is recommended that further research with larger sample and longer follow up be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.

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Background: Studies indicate that Muscularskeletal Disorders (MSD) are among the first ranks in terms of economic and healthcare cost of which back pain is in the first place.
Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were 100 students who were studying at the Tarbiat Modares University in the year of 2016. Data on back pain was collected via the standardized Quebec questionnaire. Quebec questionnaire contains 20 questions with 6 options by which pain intensity is ranked between 0 and 100. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16. In order to determine the status of musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors, descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used.
Results: Totally 100 students who living in Tarbiat Modares University with mean age of 26.1 ± 3.1 were participated in the study. According to the results, 84% of the students (N = 84) were single, 15% (N = 15) were married, and 1% of the students (N = 1) was divorced. Eighty seven percent of the students (N = 87) were studying in Master degree and 10% of the students (N = 10) were studying in PhD degree. The majority of the students (60%, N = 60) did not report any musculoskeletal pain. However, forty students (40%) suffering from MSD.
Conclusion: This study was designed to investigate the musculoskeletal disorders among the students. As this study revealed a high percentage of the students were suffering from a kind of MSD, designing more researches to confirm these findings and also to design proper preventive intervention are strongly recommended.

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In this research, general performance of Radial basis function (RBF) Artificial neural networks in experimental data on effect of the NiO, WO3, TiO2,ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in different temperatures and mass fractions on the viscosity of crude oil has been studied. The morphology and stability of the nanoparticles has been analyzed by DLS and TEM analysis, the results showed that the average diameter of the nanoparticles is from 10 to 30 nm which defers for different oxide nanoparticles. The general method for calculating the optimum span of the Isotropic Gaussian function with special algorithm for learning RBF networks, has been presented. This study's results declared that the RBF artificial neural networks, because of having strong academic basis and having the ability to filter the noises, has a good performance. With increase in temperature, the ratio of the viscosity of the nanofluids decreases compering to the viscosity of the basefluid. Also with increase in nanoparticles mass fraction the related viscosity increases boldly. For temperatures higher than 50°C, the related viscosity is less than the viscosity of the basefluid.

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In this research, the two stories “Alavieh Khanoom” and “Haji Aqa” of Hedayat and the “Rotchyld Violin” and “Lady and Cute dog” of Chekhov have been analyzed and compared from the social satire viewpoint. The content of stories is corruption that has been depicted as humor and funny. A piece of characters is representative special class. There are special moral and personality similarities between the characters of the stories, (e.g. Haji Aqa and Yakof and also Lady Anna of Chekhov’s story and Alavieh Khanoom). But what differs in the work of authors, is in their attitude. Chekhov criticizes with tone of hopefully, while despair is seen in the Hedayat’s stories to superfluity. The important notable topics in the works of these authors include: social problems, injustice, and existence corruption between the various levels of society and sympathy with the people, all of which have been represented with biting satire and make the audience to express sympathy. The purpose of the study is to find out the commonalties and compare the authors in the method the pay to social satire.

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Background: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the main bacteria which are responsible forurinary tract, blood stream, cerebrospinal fluid, lower respiratory tract, and wound infections in Hamadan province in the west of Iran.
Materials and Methods:In this study,a total of 773 urinary tract, 273 blood stream, 13 cerebrospinal fluid, 408 respiratory tract, and 147 wound positive samples were collected from patients who referred toBesat hospital from April 2013 to October 2014.Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Modified Disk Diffusion Method (MDDM) against different classes of antibiotic.
Results: The most common pathogens isolatedfrom urine tract, blood stream, cerebrospinal fluid, lower respiratory tract, and wound infections wereE. coli 425 (54.9%),S. aureus 68 (24.9%),Klebsiellaspp. 3 (23%), P. aeruginosa 110 (26.9%), and S. aureus 30 (20.4%) respectively.The overall prevalence of resistance to the antimicrobial agents testedin various clinical specimens is discussed in this study.
Conclusion: The high resistancerate was observed in our study to most used antibiotics. Therefore, setting up a comprehensive surveillance systemis need to evaluate the distribution of organisms isolated and their drug resistance pattern over different period of time and place of Iran.

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This study aimed to identify and investigate the factors affecting women's participation in mountaineering activities on Binalood Mountain. The method of the present study was descriptive and surveyed kind. The statistical population of this study included 150 women who were members of mountaineering groups in Neishabour. The research measurement tool is a researcher-made questionnaire whose face and 12 sports management experts confirmed content validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.84. In this questionnaire, factors affecting women's greater participation in mountaineering activities were categorized in the form of three indicators: personal-family, social-cultural and managerial factors. Based on the findings, among the investigated indicators in the participation of women in mountaineering activities, the most important personal and family factors, then socio-cultural and managerial factors, have been obtained, as well as among the factors affecting women's participation in mountaineering activities. There is a significant difference between the mountains of Binaloud based on age and education, but there was no significant difference based on marital status and employment.

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The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col.: Chrysomelidae) is an important pest of potato worldwide and study of its glucosidases is an important step to develop appropriate pest control strategies. In this study, some biochemical aspects of β-glucosidase in the Colorado potato beetle were determined. The results showed that β-glucosidase activity in the midgut of adults was 6.68 Umg^-1. Maximum activity of midgut β-glucosidase occurred at pH 4 to pH 5.5; however, the enzyme is active at pH 3 to pH 7 more than 50% of its relative activity. The enzyme was stable at pH 3 to pH 8 for 2 and 8 hours incubation time. According to the results, optimal temperature for the enzyme activity was 50 °Cand its stability significantly was reduced at 50 °C during 1 to 8 days incubation time. The enzyme activity decreased with the addition of different concentrations of MgCl₂, urea, Tris and CaCl₂. Enzyme activity was highly decreased at low concentrations of SDS (1 mM).

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  Today strategic plans and organizational structure of the precursor organizations is constructed according to developing and improving human resources productivity. In order to attain to this goal, organizational culture role is should be considered. By conducting a conceptual survey on organizational culture and Islamic teachings models expressed by human resources researchers, a model-based approach have been designed. The purpose was to improve the productivity of native workers in the field offices of Bank Sepah. The results of this study indicate that the ability to develop and successfully deploy an organizational culture model, will have a high impact on the optimizing potential productivity of individual employees. The model is evaluated in terms of meaningfulness, and observed that the theoretical model is statistically meaningful. Also the model has theoretical and practical significance in terms of the suitability of conditions and according to statistics calculated by statistical software used in this research.      

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  One of the most important characteristics of Iranian paintings is their connection and unity with Persian literature, which resulted in the formation of common language and similar subjects in these two art fields. However, since the Zands Dynasty, especially their late era, a certain divergence occurred between painting and poetry due to the weakness of literature and the fact that the painters were more influenced by the European art. While focusing on the benchmarks of the poems of the return era, and the Royal Court portrait paintings, this study strives to examine the common aesthetic connection between these two fields of art through performing historical, descriptive, analytical and comparative study, and achieve the response to this question that Which factors were effective in the formation and flourishing of the literature and painting during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar and how and to what extent are their common aesthetic links? The painting and poetry of this era managed to achieve flourishing thanks to the supports granted by an art-lover king, i.e. Fath Ali Shah Qajar. Due to the policies of the Shah during his 37-year reign against the arts, a suitable basis was provided for the alignment of these two fields of art in a new and different manner (notwithstanding the occurred divergence) so that the painters act independently in choosing their subjects, and do not refer to poetry so often, while trying to take benefit from poetical descriptions and literature aesthetic criteria, and represent the same through a human-oriented vision.

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Death, existence and creation’s mystery are among of the most important subjects in literature and philosophy. Paul Valery and Khayyam, in spite of difference in their historical periods, have the same idea about death and existence. In his poem, Valery describes a marine vista, which is the symbol of boundless soul. However, in this sight, by passage of the time, the soul is worn-out and destroyed. Khayyam in his Rubaiyat considers fruitless thinking about the existence and the creation’s mystery. In this article, we try to survey the concept of death and existence in Paul Valery’s “The Graveyard by the Sea” and Khayyam’s Rubaiyat, Finally, these questions would be replied: “Why Paul Valery and Khayyam feared from death?” “Whether this fear arouses from their pessimistic and narrow minded view or it has existentialism fundamental?” and “How does the poetical imagination change to be a scene for speaking of the depth of poet’s philosophical vision about death?”

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Aim: Decades named preventing injuries decade. The most sensitive and vulnerable persons against diseases and accident, especially accidental falls are children. This study aimed to determine the application of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in predicting preventive behaviors from children's accidental falls (AFs) in mothers with children less than 3 years old referred to the health centers of Mashhad City.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 140 mothers who were selected from the health centers of Mashhad City according to the inclusion criteria of the study and by cluster and systematic sampling. The instruments for data collection were valid and reliable questionnaires of demographic information, a self-administered questionnaire that is assumed to examine the structures of PMT and preventive behaviors from CAFs and were analyzed with SPSS 20. Pearson & Spearman, one way ANOVA correlation coefficient and linear regression were applied together to analyze the data.
Findings: The mean age of the subjects was 27.42+5.07 years. The results also showed that there were statistically significant relationships between the perceived susceptibility and protection motivation and preventive behaviors from CAFs (P<0.001). Based on regression analysis, preventive behaviors from CAFs using the structures of protection motivation was generally 66%.
Conclusion: The results showed that the mother‟s sensitivity and knowledge about preventive behaviors from CAFs were low. The findings of this study can be useful for designing educational interventions for prevention of CAFs by health authorities.

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Dual skin facade is an architectural concept originally intended for office buildings and indeed considered and implemented extensively. The façade to the building actually is a skin, but consist of two layers (the internal and external) which could be out of different glass types, they are separated by in-between air-gap and it is capable of air ventilation. The external skin protects the building not only against the climate hazards, but also can reduce noise pollutions significantly. The residents could take advantage of adjustable windows regardless of the element types such as wind and gust, the adverse effect of direct sunlight (glare), the environmental pollutions, and so on. Shading mechanisms allow the inner rooms of the building to benefit from an indirect sunlight while reducing the load on HVAC in cooling down the building in summers. Dual skin facades function as a heat conserver in cold climates in a way that stores the radiated energy in the air-gap whose temperature is almost made equal to the one of the temperature inside the building. In addition to providing the needed light within, indeed the external glass of the dual skin systems is capable of absorbing the light and storing heat in the winter, also induces natural ventilations in the summer to reduce the same sun light related heat. This is how the dual skin system helps in reduction of the heating and air conditioning load also with the internal air quality. Tolerance of the temperature above 24 degree Celsius in the buildings without natural air condition such as closed HVAC is difficult. While in buildings with natural air conditions the temperatures of even above 27 degree Celsius is pleasant. This reduces the energy consumption in the building. Therefore in this paper while studying the methods of using this system in hot arid climates, for the purpose of taking advantage, analysis and optimization of natural ventilation of double skin facade as one of the most important factor in hot and dry climates are considered. The layers to dual skin façade include the External Skin, the Internal Skin, and the air-gap in between the two. The External Skin (Façade): Generally it is a singular toughened glass, and the external skin could be made completely out of it. The Internal Skin (Façade): They are thermal insulating double pane glasses and could be made completely out of glass. Varieties of solar glasses could be applied. The in-between the Two Glasses Air-gap: The air-gap could be ventilated completely natural or mechanical. The air-gap width varies anything from 20cm to 2 meters thick, and it could be effective when applied as a support. The windows are users accessed to allow ventilation; also the shading could be consolidated and controlled by an automated system within the air-gap. Plans for the Direction of Air Current There are three suggested air ventilation plans in construction of a façade: To ventilate inward (Type A): The air tends to drift away from within the building to the air-gap, and the fresh air to the facility is replaced from outside. The air in the A type flows outward from the rooms, enters the air-gap and continues to move passing above the rollers to the awnings. In some designs, the air is guided out or through the duct is returned to central heating or A/C systems of the building. Ventilation Combo (Type B & C): The air is guided outward through the air-gap or vice versa. In cold climates, the B & C types can have a pre heating effect on the air before it enters the rooms. The ventilation system of A, B, & C are mechanical and they could be implemented in conjunction with the HVAC system of the building. The air is ventilated out of the building (Type D): The fresh air from outside is guided inward through the air-gap and then it is ventilated outside. The D type as a breather to the dual skin façade is implemented along with natural ventilation mechanism. The system may allow the fresh air inward through open windows and when closed may function as a thermal insulator providing a suitable thermal stability. With reference to the conducted research and with consideration to the contributing parameters, the numerical analysis of natural ventilation in dual skin façades is as follows:In order to achieve the most optimum performance of the dual skin façades in hot and arid climate considering the suggested specifications, for natural ventilation in the said type of climate, a dual skin façade sample is designed. The numerical analysis of the sample design generated by GAMBIT and FLUENT with which the numerical analysis of the dual skin façade is conducted. The intended case study is an imaginary 3 story high building in which there is a single room allocated to each floor. The allocated air-gap size of the dual skin façade is 50cm. There is a window to each floor allocated to both the inner and the outer skin with variable dimensions of 0.6 ,0.4, and 1.0 meters. The current case study is analyzed in hot and dry climate of Kerman city located on 38 ’17 ○30” N. Latitude and 3 ’5 ○57” E. Longitude. As a result, the numerical output of this software show that the two-shelled buildings help to taking advantage of natural ventilation and improve indoor air quality and it will be more effective in order to reduce the use of air conditioning systems and to achieve a comfortable temperature. Dual skin façades are utilized in office building a lot and looking back at the conducted research and considering numerous applications of the said façades is ever more advantages for using the elements such as weather, and specifically implementation of natural ventilation in balancing the in-building temperature, also a significant reduction in the use HVAC in the buildings; therefore, here is the model of choice recommended the best for hot and arid climate in residential buildings too

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Aims: The use of medications with plant origin covers a wide variety of maladies and constitutes an alternative way to antibiotic therapy, which seems to be no longer promising due to the widespread antibiotics resistance among the pathogenic microorganisms.
Active principles having antimicrobial activity could be extracted and purified from plants and used in developing new medications. Among several diseases which have historically scourged man, some of the gram-negative bacteria are potentially epidemic and considered as one of the most outstanding causes of diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Thymus kotschyanus extracts.
Materials & Methods: The antimicrobial effect of T.  kotschyanus  Boiss leaves extract on some gram-negative bacteria strains was assayed in vitro by the disk diffusion technique. Dried and crushed plant materials were extracted from distilled water by evaporation and distillation. Finally, the antimicrobial assays were carried out for the plant, and the results were compared with an ampicillin disk results.
Findings: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Entrobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, and Shigella dysenteriae were apparently killed by the extract, as judged by the presence of growth inhibition halos in the assays.
The results of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) showed that E. coli and E. cloacae strains were better inhibited by the extract.
Conclusion: The above results were similar to those from ampicillin disk, suggesting that T. kotschyanus Boiss could be used as a source of active principles against some gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the tested Thymus extract could be considered as a valuable natural antibacterial source, which seems to be applicable in both medicine and food industry.

 

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Research subject: Expandable Poly Styrene (EPS) has many applications. This polymer prepared by the radical polymerization. This material has many uses in packaging and insulation industries Some of the properties of this polymer like low mechanical strength caused its applications to be limited. By adding some materials, these properties can be improved. Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) is from the materials that which by adding it to the EPS it can improve its quality.
Research approach: In this research, EPS having different percentages of SBS (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) in different conversion percentages (0.6, 0.63, 0.66, 0.69) has been prepared. Different tests like Impact Test, Modular Melt Flow test, Vicat Softening Temperature test, Tensile at Break test, K-value test, Rochwell Hardness test and Elongation at Break test are done on the prepared polymer. Laboratory gained data has been simulated by Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) method of artificial neural networks (ANN) and the simulated data covers the laboratory data perfectly.
Main Results: Investigating the tests show that in constant percentages of SBS in EPS with increase in conversion percentage of EPS, the numerical amount of the tests increases except MFI test (low MFI number means better quality). Increase in SBS percentage in the EPS, increases the properties of polymer. In addition, the results of simulation show that the laboratory data covers the the simulated data perfectly. The data obtained from the results of this reasearch can be used for predicting the data for the points which has not been tested. Adding SBS in different weight percentages of poly styrene in different conversion percentages in order to increase the properties of poly styrene has been used for the first time in this research and the laboratory data results in points which has not been tested has been acquired by applications of ANN.