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The capacity of Qur'anic stories, which are texts full of meanings, always provides the ground for using various methods and approaches of studying and analyzing the text, so that the intertwined and overlapping layers of the text are opened and the process of making meaning becomes clearer for the audience. The present article is based on the model of the "semiotics square", one of the models of Grimas, the founder of the Paris School of Semiotics, which analyzes the mechanism of meaning construction in the text production process. The "semiotics" box teaches us the methodical reading of a text. Using this model, this article intends to analyze the textual structures of the duality of "honor and humiliation" in the Qur'anic story of Yusuf (AS) and explain the process of formation of their meanings in the Qur'anic discourse of this story. The conclusion of this research for the expansion of the semiotic square is that based on this model, it is possible to continuously move poles and categories in a text; This means that in the process of discourse, although in the dual analysis of "humiliation and dignity" we encounter eight forms at the level of content, but contrary to the usual that at the level of expression, the corresponding formulations can be several people or several things .In the story of Yusuf (AS), the corresponding formulation is one person, namely Yusuf the Prophet (AS

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Ideological discourse has always challenged individuals as subjects and has always tried to use the polysemous character of language to predominate other discourses and subjects.­­This study attempts to answer the question of how the ideological discourse is able to carry out a semantic transformation on the discourse’s level and therefore on the conveyed message’s level, and that how the political authorities utilize linguistic structures and the means that language and the connotative modification of the language provide them to legitimize their supremacy in a schematic and schematized perspective.
To achieve this objective, this article’s authors have attempted to show the relationship between linguistic elements with power and domination by analyzing discourse of subjects in the Cannibale novel written by contemporary French writer Didier Daeninckx by relying on Pierre Zima’s sociological theories.­Advocating the fight against denialism, racism, colonialism, corruption in political societies, he wrote Cannibale in 1998 in memory of the "human zoos" under the French Third Republic.­It tells the story of indigenous Kanaks who were exhibited as animals at the 1931 Colonial Exhibition.­Accordingly, this article examines how ideological discourse and semantic transformation are created through narratives and dialogues that occur throughout the book and lead to transforming ideological implications.­Also, by describing and interpreting the nature of native Kanaks from the perspective of dominant ideological discourse, it is shown that dominant discourse uses the polysemous and multidimensional nature of language by holding the power to organize linguistic structures and defines a nature other than the original nature of the native Kanaks.

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The poetries of Sheevan Foumani are various from the conceptual and functional views.These stylistic varieties in poetries represent the frequency of experience that by means of them the poet incorporates component of meaning to the linguistic community of poetries.He carries out the aim by using the symbolic units in a specific style.Since the most of his poetries are symbolic and symbols of poetries are manifested in the forms of attributes,identification,personalization,impersonalization,the current research aims at investigating the semantic components of poetries of Fokhos and Aghadar in accordance with sociolinguistics. Also, it aims at drawing discursive boundaries through the symbolic representation of social actors based on the discursive functions.Therefore, two combined models of socio-semantic of Van Leeuwan and semio-semantic of Paris have been chosen to achieve these goals.As a main purpose,this research investigates the features of the model of Van Leeuwan on poetries.Consequently,the critical approach of the semio-semantic analysis of Paris tries to explain the discursive boundaries of poetries. Primarily by implementing the model of Van Leeuwan on verses, the results of research indicated that the representation of social actors in two poetries has been mostly formed by the factor of impersonalization. Moreover, based on the saliency of impersonalization, the semio-semantic analysis of poetries is formed by instrumenting this component in the direction of creating discursive spaces and the result indicated that discursive functions of appeasement,resistance,and insistence are often organized in textual layers that are related to the subcomponents of impersonalization.

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Literary works are good sites for cultural energies; to live, negotiate, and challenge the dominant discourse and each other, sometimes this presence is reproduced and sometimes, if is challenged. P. Machery’s “The Unconscious of the Text” and A. Sinfield’s theory of Faultliness show that how literary works trouble the dominant discourse.Some women – in Shakespeare’s tragedies- revolt against the dominant discourse of Elizabethan patriarchal ideology; they question its basic assumptions and its very ideology. On the other hand, S. “Greenblatt in Circulation of Social Energies” states that the dominant social energies or discourses are continually reproduced in the literary works. In Safarbeygi’s poetry – although the socio-political ground-works have been changed in the favour of women rights – the patriarchal ideology is reproduced in a circular movement; men have constructed that ideology centyries ago, then it came into their collective unconsciousness, and finally, via the help of literary works, it entered the society again  

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Demographic parameters of the ladybeetle, Serangium montazerii Fursch feeding on citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri Ashmead were determined on two host plants, Page tangerine and Thompson navel orange. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C and RH of 60 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (L: D). Total pre-adult periods of the lady beetle were 20.84 ± 0.302, 19.27 ± 0.251days on Page tangerine and Thompson navel orange, respectively. The survivorship from egg to adult were very close to each other on the two host plants. The oviposition periods were 29.64 ± 0.905 and 33.36 ± 0.599 days and the total number of eggs per female (fecundity) were 457.14 ± 11.099 and 528.57 ± 12.369 on Page tangerine and Thompson orange, respectively. Peaks of reproductive value occurred at ages of 31 and 33 days when reared on Thompson navel orange and Page tangerine, respectively. The intrinsic rates of increase (r) on Thompson orange and on Page tangerine were 0.134 ± 0.063 and 0.126 ± 0.006d^-1 with no significant differences. The mean generation time (T) on these host plants were 39.03 ± 0.5 and 40.57 ± 0.46 days, respectively. It can be concluded that S. montazerii feeding on D. citri in general showed a slightly better reproductive performance on Thompson navel orange than on Page tangerine.

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Aims: Drug abuse among college students continues as a major public-health concern. Theory-driven research is necessary to address and find causes. The current research investigates the utility of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in designing and implementing a drug abuse educational prevention program among medical college students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 120 college students in two groups: experimental and control, who were randomly enrolled at the baseline survey. We used a questionnaire, which included three sections of background data (11 questions), knowledge about the side effects of drug abuse questionnaire (16 questions), and TPB-based questionnaire (20 questions). Educational planning was based on active learning with using group discussion, printed leaflet, and audio-visual CD. The participants were followed up after 2-month intervention. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using appropriate statistical tests such as stepwise multiple logistic regressions and t-test. Findings: Almost 6.7% of the participants had a history of drug abuse. The three predictors of 1) attitude, 2) subjective norms, and 3) perceived behavioral control accounted for 48 % of the variation in the outcome measure of the intention to drug abuse. There was a significant improvement in average response for knowledge about the side effects of drug abuse and TPB variables among the students who were under intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Designing intervention to reduce positive attitude and subjective norms toward drug abuse among college students could be useful to substance abuse prevention.

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A great number of sociological studies on democratization emphasize on the role of social classes in democratic transitions and the consolidation of democracy. Some authors like Barrington Moore know bourgeoisie as the historical agent of democracy, and for the authors like Dietrich Rueschemeyer, the workers are agents of democracy. In this article, we argue for a new perspective on the role of social classes in democratization based on a comparative historical study of the experience of democracy in Iran (1941-1953), Turkey (1945-1960) and South Korea (1945-1961). We are going to show that there are no specified pre-supposed interests in democracy for any social class, but the interests are historical-situational constructs of the circumstances of period under investigation. Democracy based on such an analysis is not the function of historical action of a specified class, rather it is the consequence of power balance between the classes in a specific part of history. In addition, as a part of such a perspective, the article argues in favour of a structural explanation for democratic consolidation.

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Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become the most common cause of infections in burn patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotyping and genotyping of P.  aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients in Mottahari hospital during June-October 2016. 
Materials and Methods: A total of 78 P.  aeruginosa strains were collected from wound infected patients. Identification of the isolates was performed by biochemical tests and confirmed by specific 16srDNA PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. The isolates were then evaluated for genotyping by ERIC-PCR.
Results: From a total of 78 collected isolates, 77 isolates (98.7%) were confirmed as P. aeruginosa by specific PCR. We found 4 antibiotypes. The highest resistance was observed to imipenem and gentamicin (~100%), and the most sensitivity was shown to colistin (100%). Overall, MDR phenotype was observed in most of the isolates (98.7%). The PCR of ERIC box produced 52 different patterns and 3 main clusters. Also, 59 (83%), 2 (3%), and 9 (13%) isolates were included in Cluster A, B, and C, respectively, and Cluster A was the predominant ERIC profile.
Conclusion: The high resistance to antibiotics in our study may be due to their abundant use as the prophylactic or treatment regimen in wound infections. So appropriate use of antibiotics seems necessary, and colistin is a proper choice for treatment of burn infection. In genotyping, 3 main clusters and 52 different patterns were shown. A majority of the P.  aeruginosa strains isolated  from  burn   patients were related and belonged to Cluster A.

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Work songs are readable version of emotions and passions of simple living rural people which indicate wishes, hopes, happiness, sorrows, love and loneliness. Work songs are called “Karnava” which are sang for different purposes and usually formed for describing the type of work, harmony among individuals, creating happy atmosphere in working area, and reducing the difficulties of work. These songs are divided into different subgroups: agriculture, milking, sheepherding, etc. With reviewing, analysis and meaning finding of work songs in each society, the social and cultural atmosphere of that society would easily be understood. In this article, along with reviewing aesthetic and artistic features of types of Karnavas in Talesh tribe, we analyze them in anthropological format in order to find related meaning in cultural, customs and morale of Talesh tribe society and analyze them. Research method is descriptive-analytic and data collection has been carried out in field of study and library. In this review around 20 Taleshian work songs were analyzed. Results of this study show that many of cultural, and social features, customs, beliefs, values, romances, sorrows, role of women in work and economic affairs, and importance of cooperation for Taleshi tribe have been reflected in these Karnavas .In addition, most of work songs in this region of Talesh are agricultural and pastoral ones which have romantic style.

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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of e-satisfaction in the relationship between the quality of e-services and repeat visits of football fans to the Persepolis club website. The statistical population of the research was formed by the fans of Persepolis Cultural Sports Football Club, and a total of 215 acceptable samples were collected. The measurement tool was a standardized questionnaire with modifications by the researchers. The content and form validity of the questionnaire was checked by 3 sports management professors and after the requested amendments, it was distributed among the studied community. Reliability, convergent validity and Discriminant validity indicated the desirability of the external model of the research, and the value of SRMR equal to 0.08 confirmed the suitability of the model. The findings of the research showed that the quality of the website's electronic services had a direct effect on satisfaction and the intention to revisit (P<0.05). Also, e-satisfaction had a partial mediating role between the quality of sports websites and revisit intention (P< 0.05). The results indicate that the higher the service quality of the website, the higher the electronic satisfaction and the desire of the fans to return to the Persepolis team website.
 

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Aims: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen. The carbapenems are effective therapeutic choice for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia infections. Carbapenemases are a group of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems. This study was to introduce phenotypic and genotypic methods to identify the carbapenemase-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Materials & Methods: this study was to introduce phenotypic and genotypic methods to identify the carbapenemase-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Modified Hodge Test (MHT) was performed to determine the susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics. The final products of PCR were electrophoresed on agarose gel.
Findings: The highest rate of resistance were observed for piperacillin (84%) and the lowest for ertapenem (50%). The majority of MHT positive isolates was from urine (64.7%), while abdominal and cerebrospinal fluids (0%) were the lowest. In addition, the ICU wards with 47 (69.1%) and the emergency units with 4 (5.9%) samples, had the most and the least frequent cases, respectively. MHT was positive in 68 K. pneumoniae isolates, but none of them were positive for blaKPC gene.
Conclusion: The blaKPC gene has low prevalence in the Isfahan City, Iran.

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The genetic structure, diversity and population kinship of four strains of ornamental barb, Puntius tetrazona, viz. tiger, green, albino and rose barb, was studied through microsatellite markers.  Genomic DNA was extracted from dorsal fin tissue of 160 individuals (40 per strain) using kit and its protocol from Denazist Co.  PCR amplification was performed using four pairs of microsatellite primers (Sm17, Sm25, Ma106 and Ma109). PCR products were electrophoresed on 8% acrylamide gel and stained with silver nitrate. The results showed that all loci were polymorphic. A total of 21 alleles for four markers in four strains was found. The mean number of alleles per locus at the population level was 5.25, and the number of alleles per polymorphic locus varied between 3 and 6. Average number of the observed alleles in tiger, green, albino and rose barb strains were 3.25, 3.25, 4 and 3.25, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity averages were 0.24 and 0.49, respectively. Most cases significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p≤0.01). The analyses of molecular variance showed high genetic diversity (97%) within populations. The F_st value was 0.03 which indicates the low genetic differentiation between populations. UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei genetic distance showed two different populations inhabiting the regions. Therefore, the microsatellite markers used in this study were found suitable for the different strains, and the degree of diversity was very low between strains, indicating a high degree of kinship.

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The present study titled "the effects of social and economic modernization on the occurrence of the Constitutional Revoloution in Iran" seeks to present the economical and social innovation achieved during Qajar period and also discusses the role and effects of these innovations in encouraging Iranian people for political participation and overthrowing Qajar dynasty. this study shows that the innovations occurred during Qajar period caused changes on old customs and introduced modernism and new styles of social life.  It also, taught new concepts like freedom and law to the Iranian people. Struggling to achieve the above goals and to protect the country, the people decided to become united. By establishing the parliament, they limited the power of the monarchy and made a way for people to participate in governing their country. Today this unity and interference is called political participation.  The method of this research is historical comparative and the method of data gathering is library and documentary.  

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Research subject: With the rapid development of science and technology, cerium and cerium oxide are widely used in various fields, including in the manufacture of aluminum, aluminum alloys, some steels and in permanent magnets, catalysts, Polishing powder, Glass, Cinema, and Ceramic Technology. Solvent extraction is one of the effective techniques for extraction, separation, and purification of cerium.
Research approach: The extraction of cerium­(IV) from sulfuric acid solutions using Cyanex 921 in kerosene was investigated. The different parameters affecting the extraction process of cerium(IV) such as pH of aqueous solutions­, reagent, metal ion concentration, contact time as well as temperature, are separately investigated. Experiments in the pH range of 0.5 to 5.5, at 25±1 ^oC­, using Cyanx 921 in the concentration range of 0.06 to 0.4 mol L^-1, and a mixture of Cyanx 921 and D2EHPA was performed in different ratios.
Main results: From the temperature study, the extraction reaction for Ce­(IV) was found to be exothermic in nature. The results indicated that the effective extraction of cerium(IV) from sulfuric acid solutions cannot be achieved in a single equilibration because the solubility of Cyanex 921 in aliphatic diluents is limited at ambient temperature. To rectify this issue, the possibility of using a synergistic mixture of Cyanex 921 and D₂EHPA as extractant system to recover cerium(IV) from sulfuric acid solutions was investigated. Mixtures of Cyanex 921 and D₂EHPA resulted in synergistic extraction of cerium­(IV) from sulfuric acid solutions. The results indicated that, under experimental conditions, the maximum synergistic coefficient was obtained at the molar ratio of (0.6M D₂EHPA_­/­0.2_­M Cyanex 921) 3.0, and cerium(IV) was extracted into organic phase in the form of Ce(SO₄)(HSO₄₎₂.­Cyanex 921.

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Nietzsche’s symbolic and poetic language demands close textual analysis and an intertextual reading. As a philosopher committed to dismantling traditional values, Nietzsche, despite his religious upbringing, can be seen as offering a comprehensive critique of Christian thought. This essay provides a line-by-line, empathetic interpretation of the "Three Metamorphoses" chapter from Thus Spoke Zarathustra, focusing on Nietzsche’s potential engagement with the New Testament. It examines his ironic phrases in dialogue with foundational Christian ideas while piecing together fragments of his thought to reveal a coherent system. By oscillating between parts and the whole, the study aims to deepen the understanding of Nietzsche’s enigmatic mind and language in this passage. Ultimately, it suggests that institutionalized Christianity within Nietzsche compels him to revolt with Christ against Christianity itself.
 

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The contribution of internal and external factors on the operation of democracies is one of the most controversial debates in democratization studies. General rules about the role of internal and external variables on democracies, due to their distinctiveness and specific identities, are hard to be established. However, historical examination could result in analyzing effective mechanisms of the variables’ effects, and knowing that mechanisms can pave the way for providing statements that are more general. Through analyzing the effects of dependency and the world system of economy on Iran, Turkey and Korea in a historical span of 1800 to 1961, this article attempts to explain the conditions of economic instability and failure of democratic consolidation in them from 1941 to 1961. The paper shows evidences on how the operation of democracies is shaped by the historical structure of the world system, their own path of history, and the interaction of internal and external factors.

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Introduction: Celiac disease is an autoimmune intestinal disorder which occurs in susceptible individuals by eating gluten. Not only does gluten damages the small intestine villi in celiac patients also disrupts nutrients absorption as well. People with celiac disease are unable to tolerate the gluten protein which is present in wheat, barley, oat, and possibly rye. In this study the corn sourdough lactic acid bacteria were evaluated to produce the gluten-free bread, moreover the combination of rice and corn flour were investigated whether can improve the quality and organoleptic characteristics of bread or not.
Methods: In order to prepare corn sourdough lactic acid, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 20179 and Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 9338 were used as starter cultures. The corn and rice flour were mixed with two different final concentrations of 5% and 10% of bacterial strains to evaluate their effects on nutritional value of breads. Physicochemical properties of breads  were measured including, the moisture content;  pH; Total Titratable Acidity (TTA); texture analysis; staling rate; the inhibitory activity of bacterial sourdough on bread mold growth; and organoleptic assessment of breads. All the treatments were performed independently and in triplicate. The results were statistically analyzed.
Results: The organoleptic characteristics of breads were improved in breads produced by sourdough lactic acid bacteria in compare with breads produced by rice and corn flour. The pH value of rice dough containing L. plantarum was more than corn dough containing equal ratio of L. fermentum and L. plantarum. Among the samples, the acidity of dough composed of L. plantarum/L. fermentum (1:1) was more than rice dough containing L. plantarum, corn dough containing L. fermentum. Samples with L. plantarum 10% and L. fermentum 10% showed significant differences in bread moisture compared to the other samples. For inoculated bread samples (with 5% sourdough), the required force in the third day was significantly different from the required force in the first day.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the importance of fortified breads made by sourdough lactic acid bacteria (5% and 10%) with a favorable impact on sensory and rheological characteristics of bread

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    Abstract The Constitutional revolution in Iran at the late Qajarid dynasty resulted from a coalition of middle classes; however, it failed to be consolidated. This paper applies the structural-institutional approach to explain the instability of constitutional achievements and fragile coalitions between the revolutionaries. Five structural-institutional factors will be discussed as the causes of fragile coalitions. Analytical narrative is the method for explaining events. A matrix of institutional arrangements including imbalanced class structure, economic deficiencies, world-system situation, and incapacitated state were identified as the main factors that created instability. But the effect of weakly founded political institutions of constitutional period was the most important factor of the fragile coalitions, which resulted in conflicts between the political actors, loose agreements, and lack of structured system of decision making and achieving common aims.        

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In this article, the emotional system of discourse in Have a Safe Journey a poem by Shafeei Kadkani, will be investigated from a discourse viewpoint and through a semio-semantics approach. Language formations are seen as an intricate process that includes a lot of semio-meaning factors.   Discourse positions are important because they involve us with the discourse approach, development of relationships, and interaction between similar or different powers. Literary discourse is a dynamic flow in which interaction between the recognition and emotional types will produce meanings whose unstability and evolution meaning are due to stressful process of the discourse. This formation follows a kind of semio-semantics examination.   The aim of this article is to investigate "Have a safe journey" with respect to the formation and understanding of meaning, relying on discourse separation and connection and its influence on understanding the poem's meaning. On the other hands stressful condition is a place for emergence feelings in the discourse. Therefore,  we investigate some approaches  like "process of meaning formation", "indexes",  "discourse separation  and connection", " effects of verbs", "setting landscape" and "inspiration type" to show the depth of  emotions  in the poem. In this way, known contrastive types change into fluctuating and transitory forms in the process of meaning formation.  Use of these semio-meanings will increase emotions in conversation and the access to more impossible times and places, and consequently, cause more influence on the readers. This article is done according to the library-based method and descriptive-analytical approaches. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the dominance of emotional discourse environment is obvious in Shafeei Kadkani's poem.

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The digger wasps fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Fars province in southern Iran was partly investigated. Members of three families: Pemphredonidae (5 species of 3 genera), Psenidae (3 species of 2 genera) and Philanthidae (2 species of 2 genera) were collected and documented. The following eight species: Diodontus brevilabris de Beaumont, 1967, D. crassicornis Gribodo, 1894, D. insidiosus Spooner, 1938, Passaloecus corniger Shuckard, 1837, Pemphredon inornata Say, 1824, Mimesa punctipleuris (Gussakovskij, 1937), Psenulus laevigatus (Schenck, 1857) and Cerceris spinifera haladai K. Schmidt, 2000, are new to the Iranian wasp fauna. In addition, two species: Psenulus schencki (Tournier, 1889) and Philanthus variegatus Spinola, 1839, are new records for Fars province. For each species, we include available distributional data as well as comments on its taxonomy and geographical distribution.