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During the last century, the idea of material progress and domination of nature, despite its undeniable achievements on various levels of life, has posed several dangers and environmental damages to human life. According to the evidence and research conducted on the destructive environmental issues in Iran, our country is not safe from what can be called the risk of progress trap. In the present study, the research question addresses the effects of changing and destroying the natural and ancient texture of land on the health of life sphere. In response to this question, a hypothesis has been tested indicating that conscious and unconscious interventions and manipulations in the natural context of the ecosystem and climate can expose the ever- diverse and balanced nature of Iran to erosion and inevitable bad frequencies. The present article method is descriptive-analytic and critical approach is used as a theoretical framework. The theoretical foundations of “climate” in political geography and “life-world” in phenomenological philosophy are used as tools for analysis.

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The life experience of Iranian man in the transition period shows that, despite his efforts, he is still unable to fully understand the requirements of the modern world and is constantly hesitating between the two traditional and modern worlds. The feedback of this problem is profoundly obvious in contemporary culture, so that it caused an incongruity in our history and culture. Incongruity doesn’t mean the existence of different and heterogeneous elements together, but the simultaneous presence asynchronous things. historical-cultural incongruity is evident in contemporary poetry as one of the basics of society’s culture, especially the poetry of Akhavan, one of the contemporary modern poets. This descriptive- analytical article attempts to reveal the reasons and bases of historical-cultural incongruity in contemporary poetry and its manifestation in Akhavan’s poems and exploring the historical experience of modernity in Iran in the meantime. This survey shows that Akhavan’s poem contains incongruities in three domains, including, form and content, language and format. It means that the form of poetry is modern but it’s content, instead of representing modern values, similar to European critics of modernity, criticizes west and it’s values. Furthermore, the usage of old language beside new one and concurrent use of old formats of Persian poetry and Nima’i poetry, is an indicator of incongruity in Akhavan’s poems.

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One of the common ways to increase the life of concrete is the use of pozzolans, some pozzolans that have higher reactivity than ordinary cement lead to greater resistance and less permeability of concrete by reducing concrete pores. Structures made with ordinary Portland concrete generally do not have proper performance in harsh environmental conditions and destructive aggressive factors. Sulfate attack is the process of concrete destruction due to the expansion caused by sulfate reactions inside the concrete, and in the long term, it causes a decrease in cohesion, occurrence of cracks and collapse in the concrete structure, one of the effects of which is the reduction of concrete strength. The addition of metakaolin reduces the porosity in concrete, as a result, concretes containing metakaolin have lower permeability compared to normal concrete. In this research, calcined clay was used as pozzolan, first the soil was heated to a temperature of 700 degrees Celsius for 3 hours so that the calcination process takes place, then calcined clay along with a percentage of limestone powder and microsilica was replaced by cement. The purpose of this combination for cement materials is to achieve a mixture design that the concretes made by it have better resistance than normal concretes against aggressive and corrosive environmental conditions. In this study, ettringite crystals were formed on the samples processed in sodium sulfate solution, which were less in the pozzolanic samples than in the control sample. At early ages, the capillary absorption coefficient for samples containing calcined clay is higher than the control samples, but this difference is greatly reduced as the samples age and the pozzolanic reactions become more complete. The electrical resistance values of the samples also increased with the passage of time and the increase in pozzolan replacement percentage. Also, in all the experiments, the addition of microsilica fills the empty spaces in the concrete, because the microsilica particles, being smaller than the pozzolan particles of the clay used and the faster reactivity of microsilica produces more silicate gel in a shorter period of time than clay pozzolan and makes the concrete denser. In this research, 10 mixed designs were used in 2 ratios of water to cement materials: 0.35 and 0.4. In each proportion of clay in percentages of 10 and 20%, limestone powder in percentages of 30 and 20%, respectively, and microsilica along with the combination of soil and lime in 7% by weight as powder materials were replaced by cement. In order to check the properties of the prepared soil, XRD test was performed to ensure the amorphousness of the soil particles and the presence of pozzolanic compounds on it. Also, to check and analyze the durability of concrete, sulfate resistance, capillary absorption and electrical resistance tests were used on 10 cm cube samples at the age of 28 and 90 days. In this research, designs containing 20% calcined clay, 20% lime, and 7% microsilica have the best performance in pozzolanic designs and are introduced as optimal pozzolanic designs in the conducted experiments.