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To study the effect of baits type and three lights, green, blue, and white, on the fishing efficiency of Largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) handline fishing 11,951 samples were done from February to May 2022 in the northern coast of the Oman Sea, Remin Fishing Port. The results showed that only the season and bait had a significant effect on the weight and number of caught T. lepturus caught (P<0.05), while the type of lamp and its interactions did not have a significant effect (P>0.05). The highest CPUE was observed in the months of February and March, using Rastrelliger kanagurta as bait, green LED lamp, at a water depth of 60-110 meters, and a hook depth of 20-30 meters. The use of R.kanagurta bait compared to Sardinella gibbosa has led to a significant increase in the catch of T. lepturus (both in terms of relative frequency and weight), which is recommended to improve the efficiency of hook fishing for fishermen. Due to catch per unite effort and for efficiency of catch rate of T. lepturus in the area, it seems suitable bait, green light and suitable depth of the hook must be used.
 

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Differentiation among populations of the Iranian Teucrium polium L.was analyzed on the basis of morphological and phytochemical variability, to evaluate the level and distribution of diversity among four distant populations from arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid regions of Fars Province. Morphological analysis included 11 characters related to the plant, leaf, and stem morphology. Analyses of variances and clustering were done to establish the variability and significance of morphological differentiation. The morphological analysis of plants from the studied populations confirmed that the species belonged to malacophyllous xeromorphic species and were distinguished by stable conservative xeromorphic characteristics. Morphological variation was correlated with ecological conditions at the site of origin and there was a small difference between the plants belonging to arid and semi-arid populations and the sub-humid ones. Chemical analysis was performed using combination of capillary GC, GC-MS after fractionation on column chromatography. The chemical composition of their oil differed qualitatively and quantitatively between the populations. β-Caryophyllene was the major oil compound in the sub-humid and semi-arid populations, while the main compound of arid populations were farnesene-cis-b and linalool. In addition, oil samples from semi-arid and sub-humid populations contained β-bisabolene (1.6-2.2%), myrcene (0.9-1.1%), bornyl acetate (0.7-0.8%), and 3-octanol (0.6-0.8%), which were not detected in oil samples from arid populations. All oil samples, however, were dominated by hydrocarbon compounds. The relatively low morpho-chemical diversity in the populations indicates that the maintenance of their evolutionary potential is at risk if population sizes are not maintained and if there is no protection of the habitats.