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Teacher reflection and self-efficacy beliefs are two important teacher characteristics that influence different aspects of teaching jobs. The relationship between these two constructs is important, but the previous research has focused on the effect of reflection on self-efficacy. This mixed-methods study aimed at assessing the interrelationships between reflection and self-efficacy through surveying 330 Iranian English language teachers in the quantitative phase and interviewing 15 teachers in the qualitative phase. The quantitative data were analyzed through a Partial Least Square approach and the qualitative data through a conventional content analysis. Results show the two variables are closely interwoven, but reflection components were better predictors of self-efficacy. Metacognitive, cognitive, and affective reflection were significant predictors of self-efficacy and its components, but critical reflection did not predict any aspect of reflection. Efficacy for classroom management could predict practical and cognitive reflection, and efficacy for student engagement could predict practical, affective, and critical reflection. These findings imply that metacognitive, affective, and cognitive reflections need to be encouraged in English Language Teaching preservice and inservice teacher education programs, and workshops need to be enriched and focus on practical teaching issues and classroom management strategies, and learner engagement techniques.
 

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Smart materials and shells affect on represent the space and identity of a society with their special activity and like any technology and element, it has its own effects and consequences and it can be said that based on the visual attractions and philosophy of the age of communication and visualization the culture of societies founded. The aim of this research is explaination of these effects on urban smart surfaces from psychological and intellectual and cultural anomalies aspects and helping designers to use it logically and in accordance with the culture and smart buildings of the community. The present research has a positive-content aspect and from another aspect, has a normative-content structure. Also, the research method includes descriptive and analytical research along with qualitative strategy, because it addresses contemporary social and cultural conditions. Data collection is based on library studies and documentation. The physical and material effects of smart shells that make urban facades based on perceptual visual cultures in perceptual aspects are criticized: truth and reality, time and space, experience and event, equality and justice, knowledge and information in a society and consider equal the meaning of firmness with persistence, generosity with lavishness, tolerance with indifference, adherence to affection and beauty with pretense and and in sensual aspects: Unity, distance and distance from the world, distorting other senses, undermining the message and meaning of the sender of the message, separation, isolation, apparent attachment, limiting taste, inhumanity of architecture and urbanization would be the results of increasing use of them.

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The cypress family, Cupressaceae, has a global dispersion. Currently, endophytic microorganisms from plants are being investigated for their diversity and bioactivities. Here, we aimed at exploration and characterization of cultivable endophytic fungi from foliar tissues of Cupressaceae, i.e. Cupressus arizonica, C. sempervirens var. cereiformis, C. sempervirens var. fastigiata, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus sp. and Thuja orientalis. Asymptomatic fresh foliar tissues, collected from mature healthy plants, were sterilized and the inner layers were plated on culture media at 26-28 °C for 2-12 weeks, until fungal colonies emerged and were purified. Endophytic Penicillia i.e. Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, P. commune, P. echinulatum, P. expansum and P. viridicatum were the dominant fungi recovered. Results indicated that both host plant and geographical location of sampling affected the biodiversity and bioactivity of endophytic Penicillia. Results also indicated that those endophytic Penicillia had significant bioactivities. According to our results, both intra-and extra-cellular secondary metabolites from all isolated Penicillia had significant cytotoxic and antifungal effects against the model fungus Pyricularia oryzae and cypress fungal phytopathogens Diplodia seriata, Phaeobotryon cupressi and Spencermartinsia viticola. Further studies indicated the significant antimicrobial bioactivities of superior Penicillia against model bacteria. Altogether, this study highlights, for the first time, the biodiversity of endophytic Penicillia from Cupressaceae plants and documents their significance for agrochemical/drug discovery and for plant disease biocontrol.  

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The present research aims to model the structural equations of green marketing and the desire to buy customers through the mediation of social responsibility. The research method is a descriptive correlation, which has been done in field experiments. For this purpose, 384 customers of Tehran's sporting goods stores were randomly selected using the Monroe method as a statistical sample. Data were gathered by green marketing awareness and willingness to purchase Habibi Saravi (2016) (α=0.92), social responsibility of Park & et al. (2017) (α=0.73) with a Likert scale of 5 Became for data normalization, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the research hypotheses. Structural equation modelling, including confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS software and statistical software SPSS22, were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Inferential results showed a relationship between the marketing of green and the desire to buy sports products from customers with the mediating role of social responsibility of vendors. Also, the communication model between the three meters has adequate fitness.

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Epizoochory and endozoochory are well-known mechanisms by which seeds are dispersed by animals. Since, livestock gather around the watering-points to rest and drink, we expected to find that seeds would be frequently moved to the areas surrounding watering-points, resulting a higher soil seed density (and diversity) closest to the water. We investigated this issue by assessing soil seed bank density and composition along a distance gradient from the water and compared them with an ungrazed-control area in 2010. Therefore, three watering-points were selected in a dry rangeland of Kahnuj, Kerman Province, Iran. Soil seed bank characteristics were measured at eight distances with different intervals from the watering-points (totally 80 sampling points) and in an ungrazed area (30 sampling points) after seed dispersion in autumn. The results showed that in spite of the assumption, soil seed density and similarity between the soil seed bank and above ground vegetation increased with distance from the watering-points. A clear trend was not detected for the diversity of soil seed bank with distance from water source. Our findings suggested that the restoration of degraded sites could not rely on soil seed bank. Areas surrounding watering-points, where soil seed losses are potentially higher than those at greater distances from water source, should be given more attention for conservation by the rangeland managers. 

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The ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is one of the most important natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The effects of hexaflumuron and spirodiclofen were investigated on development and carbohydrates and total lipid contents of 4^th instar larvae of H. variegata. The insecticides had significant effects on the mortality of eggs, but no significant effects on mortality of larvae or pupae. Hexaflumuron significantly increased the length of development of eggs (2.89 days) and first instar larvae (3.28 days), but had no significant effects on other instars or pupae. Spirodiclofen had no significant effects on developmental stages of H. variegata. Glycogen content was significantly reduced by spirodiclofen (17.42 mg/g fresh body weight) and hexaflumuron (16.07 mg/g fresh body weight). Trehalose content in hexaflumuron (1.89 mg/g fresh body weight) and spirodiclofen-treated larvae (2.02 mg/g fresh body weight) was significantly lower than control (8.01 mg/g fresh body weight). Glucose content in spirodiclofen-treated larvae (0.96 mg/g fresh body weight) was significantly higher than in hexaflumuron-treated larvae (0.24 mg/g fresh body weight) and control (0.15 mg/g fresh body weight). Significant reduction in the amount of lipid was observed in spirodiclofen-treated larvae (5.29 mg/g fresh body weight), but not in hexaflumuron-treated larvae (7.11 mg/g fresh body weight). These results suggest that substantial physiological events in the life of larvae are affected in response to the action of the tested insecticides.  

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Aims: The historical context of cities plays a significant role in understanding the complexities and structure of a city, which can lead to the recognition and perception of people. Traditional bazaars are also considered as the most important historical element of cities, despite the studies that provide a model for measuring and evaluating spatial perception in the context of the bazaar, this research is investigated the perceptions of the traditional bazaar of Tehran by applying space layout indicators and cognitive maps.
Methods: In this research, a combined method was used, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative data and their analysis. In this regard, first, the map of Tehran bazaar has been compared and analyzed in the space layout software, and the axial map indicators have been compared and analyzed with sketches drawn by the statistical community, including businesses, buyers or passers-by.
Findings: The theory of space arrangement alone cannot clarify the various objective and subjective dimensions of the environment for us, because this theory only deals with the objective dimensions of the observer, therefore, to understand the cognitive characteristics of the space which is affected by the type and manner of people's perception, There is a need to use cognitive maps based on the presence of people and focus on users (here, Tehran's Grand Bazaar) who know and experience the environment.
Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that multiple objective and subjective factors together and sometimes with prioritization over each other are effective in determining the correct wayfinding of the space.

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Land use planning, classification of human activity in geographical space, is a thinking that considers all aspects of a country's development, and is a strategic planning and a purely geographical solution for the sustainable development of countries. This issue is more important for Kermanshah province which is neighboring with Iraq, because the existence of a wide range of potential and actual threats in both Iraq and the Kurdistan region have led the implementation of any plan to be corresponded with the analysis of the security situation around the border. Achieving this requires recognizing geostrategic features, analyzing the environment, categorizing the types of threats and identifying their source and origin. This article also serves this purpose, namely presentation of indicators of military centers and bases in Kermanshah province using descriptive-analytic method. The data collection tool is based on documentary and library findings. For this purpose, the required data were collected from documents and written sources and content analysis method is used to analyze the data. The results showed that the arrangement of military centers and bases in Kermanshah province is not very comprehensive and efficient, and it has a traditional approach and has been done regardless of natural and human indicators and threat points, so it has little effect on the effectiveness of projects, decrease in vulnerabilities and increase in defensive capabilities. Also, it is faced with ignoring internal and external threats, unbalanced spatial organization in the manner of establishing and locating military centers, excessive concentration of political, administrative, demographic places and centers, important industries and facilities in the center of Kermanshah province, etc

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The common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae is a key pest of pistachio in Iran. A study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution ofpsyllanymphs and eggs in a 10 ha pistachio orchard in the Rafsanjan region, southeast of Iran. Three rows, each containing 33 trees (totally 99 trees), were randomly selected in the orchard based on a stratified sampling scheme. In each of the selected trees, three positions in the crown (top, middle and bottom) were considered. One leaf from each position as sampling unit (totally 297 samples) was clipped and number of nymphs and eggs were counted. Ordinary kriged maps were achieved for nymphs and eggs of the three positions using a variogram function. Results indicated the highest and lowest density of the nymphs occurred on the top and bottom positions of the crown, respectively. Eggs of the common pistachio psylla were laid mostly on the bottom of the pistachio crown.

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Over time, the words change meaning. According to linguistic studies, the most important types of this semantic change are: semantic generalization, semantic appropriation, metaphor and semantic degradation or promotion. This rule also applies to the vocabulary of Arabic; and some of the terms used in the Quran have undergone a semantic transformation. Unfortunately, a number of contemporary Persian translators have neglected this and translated some of the terms in the common and contemporary meaning. This function can seriously damage the Quranic concepts. Since the main religious teachings of the Muslims are taken from the Quran, the slightest error should not occur in the transfer of Quranic concepts to another language. Since some Quran translators have failed to do so in some cases, we have reviewed the errors found in some translations. With the search method in the sources of the vocabulary and the interpretation of the old period, and contemporary dictionaries, we will show the semantic change brought to some Quranic words. Twelve words that have undergone a semantic change have been investigated in 29 Persian translations of the Qur'an and it has been concluded that some translators mistakenly translated those words into contemporary sense.

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A great part of sciences and fundamentals of formation of our cities and past architecture has been destroyed which rooted in regulation of human relationship with the environment. Architects and urban planners deal with their processes only based on modern conditions and fundamentals that are general and international. Lack of these sciences in architecture as well as urban planning has separated it seriously from tradition and finding these fundamentals may, despite of benefitting from modern civilization values, cause biological and health values to be continued based on traditional system in modern architecture and urban planning. Plenty of contemporary cities that recently have been located and constructed are facing with problems in terms of benefitting from natural elements and based on health indicators in the tradition. New academic architecture and urban planning system has trusted in new rules of adjustment of environmental conditions to the extent that even is not seeking for traditional climatic criteria and indicators and is not supposing that many of these problems are arising out of inattention to this traditional science. In the meantime, wind as a climatic-traditional element has direct impact on health of residents of a city. The winds are crucially effective on filtration or creation of pollution in a city. Studies indicated that the wind due to direct impact on human health and is a superior element in prosperity and structure of a city and vernacular architecture of each region, and has a crucial role in filtration or creation of pollution in a city. In this paper, the impact of wind as a natural element on human’s health has been analyzed by considering traditional medical texts and its impact on selection of place and structure of cities has been studied. For this purpose, after analysis of religious, philosophical and medical texts, and description of priority of winds in relation to two factors of wind direction and wind origin, six climatic zones of some of old, important and populous cities were ranked in the light of existence or absence of favorable and unfavorable winds, respectively. Then, by studying the structure of a sample of cities with favorable wind and a sample with unfavorable wind, solution for traditional cities in terms of benefitting from/coping with the wind has been studied. Analysis method used for Islamic and medical fundamentals of wind is interpretive and argumentative. The criterion for selecting cities is being old and populous and located in six climates of Iran. Thereafter, selected cities were classified and graded based on wind quality and considering theoretical fundamentals. The basis of identification of prevailing wind direction in cities includes new climatic books, statistics of meteorological stations as well as internet. Based on fundamentals of traditional and Islamic medicine that is a little different from Greek medicine, human skin breaths in good weather and becomes fresh and in case of lack of wind passage, still air make it stink and putrid. Still air is putrefied and putrefied air is infected. Yet, unsuitable winds may destroy the body’s vitality and be detrimental to health as well as impose bad impacts on human psyche. In nature, life of plants and animals is regulated by wind so that in Quran, it has been mentioned repeatedly and swore spiritually. In the medical fundamentals, wind types and its impact on human health and climate has been studied. According to analysis of Islamic and traditional medical fundamentals, winds quality, from the most favorable to the unfavorable ones respectively, includes east wind, north wind, west wind and finally south wind; meanwhile, in addition to the importance of wind direction, wind origin is also important for its impact. Wind origin includes environments such as sea, desert, mountain, plain, lagoon and forest. In Iran, due to diversity of its climate, instances of each one (usually the first four cases are more evident) can be taken into consideration. Removal of unfavorable wind and attraction of favorable wind in the city creates strategies for city structure. Environmental factors such as wind are significantly important for locating cities. In different regions of Iran, the wind is blown in different directions and from various origins. Each city tries to receive and train any favorable wind. In this study, six climatic zones were selected and in each climate two cities, one with favorable wind status and another one with unfavorable wind blowing were studied to compare the appropriateness of model and experience of ancients for benefitting from or coping with the wind, regarding the health criteria from Islamic viewpoint. In Iranian urban structure model, spatial orientation methods of Iranian housesthat is called Ron (direction) in traditional architecture, had been converted into a model for design of that time. Three fundamental Rons in this regard include Rasteh Ron, Esfahani Ron, and Kermani Ron. Rasteh Ron is referred to the northeast-southwest direction. In this direction, the inside of house is cold in winter and hot in summer. Esfahani Ron is referred to the northwest-southeast and Kermani Ron is referred to east-west direction. In Vitruvius book, an eight-direction model has been introduced for main directions of winds and their specifications that are exposed to main and secondary directions (90 and 45 degrees). Whereas general principle in his proposal is avoiding the same direction with winds in the city passages, so axes shall not be located in main and secondary axes. Iranian Rons, except Kermani Ron, are not located in main and secondary directions and Kermani Ron has been created with a little deviation of the skyline (almost 20 degree); therefore, main lines (including passages and orientation of buildings) of no city are located in main and secondary directions of wind flow. Considering the medical fundamentals of wind direction and superiority of north and east winds to west and south winds in all three Iranian Rons, tendency toward receiving north wind and rejection of south wind such as building backward to the south front can be seen, but in Rasteh and Kermani Ron, tendency for acceptance of east wind and in Esfahani Ron, acceptance of west wind is seen as well. In fact, if a wind of west direction is a favorable wind considering wind origin, the city’s orientation structure is set according to Esfahani Ron to benefit from favorable west wind, while this Ron has less frequency than Rasteh Ron. For instance, in cold climate, mountains of Shahrekord are located in the south that is origin of prevailing wind, so the city has the most unfavorable wind and mountains in the south prevent its suitable sunbathing; thus, its direction tends to the west (Esfahani) so that relative heat of west wind may adjust the coldness of city for the residents. Analysis of instances shows that urban structure of ancient cities has been completely formed based on medical fundamentals and is appropriately conformed to the health factors from Islamic viewpoint. Comparison between quaintly and priority of traditional urban Rons and observance of priority of benefiting from east and north winds and appropriate angle in most of them is the best evidence for paying attention to health in old cities of Iran. Considering the adaption of the past urban structure and health factors from Islamic perspective may be applied on contemporary urban planning and underlie for improvement of environmental pollutions.

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Culture in the discourse of leadership and its role in the realization of the new Islamic civilization is one of the important issues that need a lot of research. Because culture is very important in the view of the Supreme Leader and has a central position. Accordingly, the importance of the place of culture in the thought of his leadership has led him to develop a cultural engineering perspective. From this perspective, cultural engineering is an effort to strengthen the main components of the Islamic and national culture of the country and protect it against the influence and influence of destructive Western culture, in the light of proper arrangement and determining the correct position of all cultural dimensions and characteristics of society. These efforts require the proper design of cultural engineering. This article seeks to answer the question, what is the relationship between the concept of culture and modern Islamic civilization in the discourse of the leadership of the Islamic Revolution of Iran? The methodology of the present research, which has a descriptive- analytical nature, has provided and collected the required data and information through the library method and by accessing sources such as books, articles and research reports. In the form of the theory of modern Islamic civilization, it is based on the hypothesis that according to the Supreme Leader, culture has provided the basis for the formation and expansion of modern Islamic civilization in society.The results of the research have shown that there is a close and significant relationship between modern Islamic culture and civilization. In such a way that culture is effective in the realization of modern Islamic civilization and according to the most important components of Islamic civilization, which is God-centered based on human dignity and cultural and spiritual values, this statement is confirmed.

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Currently, one of the main problems of cities is the emptying of the spirit of life in them and in their urban spaces. For this reason, providing vitality and urban vitality has become one of the main concerns of urban management systems. Today, in developed countries, attention to the presence of people in urban spaces plays a key role in the design and planning of cities, and the important key to achieving sustainable, successful and lively cities is to pay attention to the role of people and their needs. In modern urban development, what should be placed at the top of all planning and design matters is to provide a humane and dignified environment for the presence of citizens. Managers and urban planners all over the world are trying to face urban problems and problems with an integrated look at all dimensions in cities, provide different approaches for the development of today's cities in order to respond to the new demands and expectations of the present age. One of the new approaches and concepts in today's urban planning is the smart city and the use of new information and communication technologies (ICT). A city that is 24 hours a day and the affairs of the city are going on in it all day and night. A smart city is a citizen-centered city in which information and communication technology (ICT) is used for better efficiency of existing resources and facilities, improving the quality of life of citizens and moving towards sustainable urban development. The process of this research, based on the descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library tools, examines the opinions related to the smart city, its dimensions and indicators. The results of this research show that the use of modern information and communication technologies in the urban spaces of the smart city can play a significant role for the presence and interactions of citizens, and as a result, the vitality of urban spaces. The urban space where vitality indicators are placed in the dimensions of a smart city and in addition to complying with the principles of a smart city, it includes the promotion of vitality in urban spaces.

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Problem design : The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the activity of users in Telegram and Instagram social networks and their political activism in the cities of Tehran as the political-economic capital and Qom as the cultural-religious capital of the country.
Method : This study was carried out using a combined method including library study and survey using a questionnaire tool. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated by the face validity method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of this research is all members of Telegram and Instagram social networks over 15 years of age who live in Tehran and Qom, and 768 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sampling formula and using cluster sampling. were selected
Findings : The results of this research show a significant relationship between the two variables of activity in social networks and political activism of users, and the Spearman statistic at the 95% significance level is 0.24.
Results : Currently and based on the statements of the respondents, users are doing conventional political activism. However, if legal channels are closed for political activism, it can be predicted that unconventional methods of activism such as civil disobedience, protests, strikes, etc. will be used by activists.
 

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Home is the space which man lives in. The man along with families will find comfort and belonging in their home. Houses are important in shaping human character and behavior, therefore It is necessary to deal with it, especially in today›s time. Home is the place where people need to spend a lot of time in it. They do their own work in it, spend time with their family and give meaning to it by living there, home and humans give two sided meaning. The Issue that home is a meaningful place and nowadays by reducing qualities, it›s means has been greatly faded and homes sometimes are as diminished as a shelter, is the fact that is common in the two perspectives of «phenomenology» and « sacred traditionalism». The point is how the values of home are defined in these two views. Each of these approaches provide a definition of houses which are similar to traditional home. Investigating the similarities is done in conclusion of the study. In fact the question is that which one of the dimensions of the Iranian traditional house are understandable in structure of the two sacred traditionalism and phenomenological approaches, and what are the commonalities and differences between the two approaches in Iranian traditional house. Analysis of Iranian traditional home with this two approaches, is important because both approaches have differences and strengths which can help us in deep and deeper understanding. Nowadays phenomenology is one of the most important approaches of Western which has done many studies to understand the quality of home and its concepts, and it also emphasizes the historical dimension of homes and old houses. Therefore it is one of the most appropriate approaches to recognition of traditional eastern homes, and nowadays its promoting by many theorists in this communities. On the other hand sacred traditionalism approach has an important insights in East, which are supported by religion and eastern view, and offers specific approach in defining architecture and therefore its appropriate for Better understanding of the Iranian traditional homes. The phenomenological interpretation of home is one of the most important qualitative approaches in this area on the world architecture theoretical literature. That little has been done about Iranian homes. Versus in Iran, as in many countries of Eastern spiritually oriented approaches such moral traditionalism are considered more. This study sought to examine that criteria of which of the two views of phenomenology and moral traditionalism is more consistent with the concept of traditional Iranian home And how to use both as complementary approaches can demonstrate unexplored dimensions of Iranian home. The purpose of designing this issue is discovering the meaning of true living in traditional houses as a basis for analyzing in order to correct the process of building box-like and lifeless houses nowadays. Since the Basics of this two Eastern and Western approaches which have been considered by Iranian designers nowadays have differences Scholarly study of the similarities and differences between the two approaches is needed. This study at first defines the Home concepts in terms of moral traditionalists and phenomenologists. Sacred traditionalists are in blive that home is the place in which with declining daily concern man can find a relaxation to think about itself and his God. A peace for growth and development of the member of family and Achieve a feeling of relaxation. To understand the qualities of a home in this view, it is essential to understand the basics of traditional Islamic architecture. Nader Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar (1999) introduce the essential elements of traditional Islamic architecture as the key of understanding these principles, which include: Orientation of the space, qualitative Polarization and the relationship between space and symbolic forms . these qualities will be enhanced by perceptional playing in the form of light, geometry and weight. These three elements are the main elements of Islamic architecture introduced by Burckhardt (Sartipipour, 2008). Phenomenologists (Bachelard, 1994) defines the house as a collection of imaginations that provides reasons or delusions of stability. Phenomenologists deem artistic works as the representation of life condition and the architecture as the tangible realization of existential space (Shultz, 1980). Bachelard explores residency in imagination and dreams; accordingly the house is regarded as the inner sanctum (Bachelard.1994). It detaches the type of memories occurred in the house from those be fallen in the world outside in a way that the memories pertaining to the house augment the treasury of our dreams. He introduces the house space as a poetic and romantic space in which understanding of its poetic depth is feasible via the brilliant evocation through poems rather than memories.The concept of «past» is highlighted in the interpretation of the house propounded by Heidegger (2009, p.34); he asserts «like a strayed ship, house is an outstanding piece of the past». The character of houses, are replete with life, peace, and comfort owing to their centralism and introspection as well as to the presence of Nature (yard) in their center. Walls and borders with their unique quality and plentiful penumbra are integral portion of the house and various open spaces in the walls of the rooms impart miscellaneous qualities of the dialectical relationship between Nature and rooms. Due to the spaces with diverse qualities and special manifestation of lights and colors, the rooms are crammed full of fantasy and memorable moments. Secondly the study evaluate the physical of traditional Iranian home with this both approaches. Traditionalists interpret home with symbols such as light, colors and mirrors. According to this Approach, Iranian House has formed from the «yard»,» balcony» and «rooms» which respectively represent the «spirit» and «soul» and «body». In phenomenology approache, Iranian houses are generally center-oriented and the center is nature. Border have defined courtyard and the rooms with diverse qualities. Different openings in wall of the porch and rooms are maked diverse qualities of the dialectic between courtyard and rooms. The character of Iranian home is full of peace and life because of the nature, and full of fancy and memory because of spaces with different qualities, and the special light and color in a room. Finally, by comparing these two approaches a multi-layered system of values in Iranian traditional houses will find. The Uncoordinated principles and features of an Iranian home are also introduced. This study shows that traditional Persian houses are accountable in various aspects and their analysis in different approaches can provide us new valves of this valuable art. For example Iranian traditional houses can response psychological, existential and nature-oriented dimensions of phenomenological approach and heavenly, spiritual and intuition dimensions of traditionalism. The research also shows that Iranian traditional houses has reached to a level of art and truth that can appear different levels of meaning. The spaces of such house, in addition to responding to the daily needs, connect the human life to memories and dreams and is Responsive to different mental needs. Iranian traditional home takes his identity from human and gives identity to him and by engaging the five senses of human beings, helps to connotation understanding of the house.

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This paper sets up to investigate the word didan (‘to see’) based on the frame semantics. The model provides a scientific tool enabling us to explore how the sense of words can be traced back through human’s experiences and background knowledge. The main purpose of this paper is to clarify delicate meaning distinctions, which are mainly overlooked in dictionaries. To this end, we started this study by searching different texts and corpora in order to find the semantic frames for didan from one hand, and to extract differences between the verb didan and the other partially synonymous verbs such as moshahede kardan (‘to observe’), and tamasha kardan (‘to watch’),  on the other hand. Then, we try to determine how polysemous verb of didan is analyzed in terms of semantic frames. By analyzing data, we have found out that the relationship between different frames with that of Perception frame is the cause of polysemy. Furthermore, the partially synonymous verbs are differentiated from the verb “didan” based on ‘aim’, ‘target’, and other variables. Last but not least, we have put forward a model showing how didan and its different frames are related and how partially synonymous words are differentiated from it.

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Due to the formation of numerous translations of the Qur'an and the important role of translation in relation of all sections of society with the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, scholarly criticism of the translations of the Holy Qur'an has emerged as one of the areas of Qur'anic studies in contemporary period. The importance of research in this field is understood when we see translational errors leading to differences in the perceptions of the Qur'an among the general public. Studies of the criticism of the translations of the Qur'an have sought to establish a critical mechanism for evaluating the translations of the Qur'an and hence, it introduces the translators slip places. The present study, through a descriptive and critical analysis, has investigated " Assumming different words as one due to negligence " as one of the slips of the Persian translators of the Holy Qur'an. Enumerating different types of assumming different words as one due to negligence, the two types of " Negligence in diagnosing the root of the words"and “Negligence in pay attention to the differences between similar constructions” have introduced and gave them 12 examples. Statistical reports of translators' performance in the studied samples indicate that translations of Ansarian, Bahrampour, Safavid Mousavi Garmaroudi and Ali Akbar Taheri's have the lowest Negligence. On the other hand, the translations of Mohammad Ebrahim Boroujerdi (9 slips), Mohammad Kazem Arfa (7 slips), Ibrahim Ameli (6 slips), Mohammad Kazem Moezzi (6 slips) have had less success in staying away from Assumming different words as one due to negligence.

 

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Purpose: In this study the effect of iron supplmentation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl was investigated. Material and Methods: In this experimental clincal study, the effect of iron supplementation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl and Ferritin> 14.3 μg/l during the 13th- 18th pregnancy week was studied. Eighty seven women having the above conditions were selected in this study. Fourthy two women received one ferrous sulfate pill (50 mg Elemental iron) daily (study group) and 45 women received one placebo ferrous sulfate daily (control group) from the 20th pregnancy week. The amount of Hb and Hct during the 24-28 preganancy week and over the 32nd – 36th pregnancy week were measured. Results: This study showed that in the second trimester the level of hemoglobin in the study group (13.41 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (12.59 ± 0.79). In addition, the level of hemoglobin in the third trimester in the study group (14.02 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (13.36 ± 0.57). The level of hematocrit in the second trimester in the study group (40.31 ± 01.81) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (38.96 ± 2.5). Furthermore, the level of hematocrit in the third trimester in the study group (41.74 ± 2.2) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (40.73 ± 2.19). There was not any significant clinical decrease in the level of hemoglobin and hematicrit during the pregnancy. Conclusion: Using iron supplementation in women with a high hemoglobin level can inhibit the beneficial decrease of the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the second and third trimester and the routin administration of iron supplementation is doubtful.

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In this paper, we are suggesting a website, which we have called ColloNet, for explaining lexical collocations based on frame semantics.It is going to be connected to FrameNet that is a network drawing frames of lexemes. This network not only helps us comprehend the nature of collocations, but also is an introduction to more computational linguistics researches. We have considered the word ‘dast’ to explain different functions and applications of this website. The data are collected from two Persian corpora: Bijan Khan and Persian Database. A descriptive-comparative-analytic approach has been used to compare and analyze the frames, in which the collocates, the base and the whole construction are being defined. Consequently,by comparing frames and analyzing the relations between elements, we can not only understand the type of collocation (such as simple, metaphoric or metonymic), but also obtain some information regarding historical, political, social and cultural motivations behind collocations.