Showing 3 results for Loori
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Summer 2019)
Abstract
Aims: The present study has used results of the application of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in integrated with the economic cost of soil loss to prioritize sub-watersheds of Selj-Anbar Watershed in Mazandaran Province, northern of Iran.
Materials and Methods: Overlay of five input layers of RUSLE model, viz., rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover and management (C) and support and conservations practices (P) factors has been done in Geographical Information system (GIS) platform for the study watershed. Then, the soil loss and sedimentation cost have assessed using soil nutrient depletion analysis. In this method, monetary value to the depleted nutrients based on the cost of purchasing an equivalent amount of used chemical fertilizer in the watershed was assigned.
Findings: The average soil loss and sediment rates of 4.92 and 1.98 t ha-1, respectively was obtained for the study watershed. In addition, the direct and indirect costs caused by soil loss during the five-year period in the Selj-Anbar Watershed were obtained 4.32×105 and 6.40×105 US$ which was totally equal to 10.98×105 US$. The highest (5.59×104 US$) and lowest (1.16×104 US$) annual cost of soil loss was estimated in the sub-watersheds S1-1-1 and S1-1-2, respectively.
Conclusion: Spatial distribution of soil loss and erosion cost could provide a basis for comprehensive and sustainable watershed management. The sub-watersheds with high soil erosion and cost rates deserve superior priority for implementation of conservation activities.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (No. 4 (Tome 46), (Articles in Persian) 2018)
Abstract
Since proverbs are deeply rooted in people's culture and thought, the study of the image schema of Arabic proverbs will lead to a deeper understanding of Arabic life and culture. Investigating the image schemas of the Arabic proverbs based on cognitive semantics introduces us to the thought, culture, and morals of the Arab. According to the cognitive view that "the human beings develop what have been experienced into the domain of abstract concepts", The present study seeks to investigate the variety of existing schemas in the thousand proverbs of the book of Faraid al-Adab based on the image schema model of Evans & Green in the framework of cognitive linguistics. This article also examines the effectiveness and frequency of image schema as well as the reasons for the multiplicity of them.
It also tries to provide answers to two other questions which image schemas are more abundant in the collection of Faraid al-Adab, and what is the significance of analyzing Arabic proverbs in the framework of cognitive semantics. The present study is based on this descriptive-analytic approach. So one thousand proverbs of Faraid al-Adab are randomly selected and the various schemas in it are extracted and analyzed in order to examine how these visual perceptions are transferred to the field of abstract concepts. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that the container schema and quantities schema have a high frequency in Arabic proverbs.
It also gives a more accurate understanding of the objective and metaphorical meanings of the Arabic proverbs are achieved in the empirical and abstract application of the context of cognitive semantics and conceptual schemas. This is because the human mind is basically empirical and language cannot be studied independently from human imagination.
The results of the research showed that the types of image schemas provided by Evans and Green are observable in Faraid al-Adab, and the balance schemas have the highest frequency and non-material schemas have the lowest frequency in the proverbs that we studied. According to their role and their presence in the life of the Arabs, animals and other elements of nature, appear with a high stance in the proverbs. Also, human activities and their organs have a significant role in establishing the source domains of the proverbs. More often, Arabic speakers convey concrete entities to abstract matters. However, they occasionally have the opposite tendency. Compared to the Persian proverbs, the Arabic proverbs tend to show more of the plurality of image schema. This is due to the fact that the simple life and experiences of the Bedouin lifestyle has its effect in this matter.Image Schemas are usually taken from different aspects of experience, but this feature is less distinctive in the Arabic proverbs. The life and experiences of the Bedouin people has had its influence in this regard. As a result, in comparison with Persian proverbs, there are fewer cases of both cluster schemas and network schemas in Arabic proverbs.
Maryam Loori, Iman Sourinejad, Melika Nazemi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Spatial Issue on Persian Gulf 2021)
Abstract
Steroids are one of the most important and abundant secondary metabolites of marine sponges. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of steroidal fractions derived from the Persian Gulf sponge Axinella sinoxea. Extraction was first done by Acetone and then the fractions were separated through column chromatography with silica gel. Identification of steroidal fractions were done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Then, antibacterial properties of steroids were identified and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were investigated by tubular dilution. Two types of steroids including Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol,(3β-24Z) and Ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol,(3β,22E,24S) were determined. The extracted steroids showed different results regarding the growth inhibition and bactericidal effect on Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vibrio harveyi) and Gram positive (Micrococcus roseus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria at different experimental doses. In conclusion, promising results were found regarding the antimicrobial effects of the extracted steroids of the marine sponge from Larak island A. sinoxea. These findings reveal the necessity of more comprehensive investigations for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and antibiotic materials from the bioactive compounds.
