Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Marine macroalgae are diverse organisms with adaptation for live in stressful environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activities of organic extract; n-Hexane (nH), ethylacetate (E) and methanol (M) of three green alga from family Ulvaceae, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza and Ulva intestinalis, collected from the coast of Bandar Abbas.
Materials & Methodes: In this experimental study, for identification the superior species, the tested activities included antioxidant assay at gradient concentrations by ferric reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity of these extracts on model organism, Artemia salina. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple tests at 5% probability level using SPSS 21 software and drawing charts using Excel 2013 software.
Finding: The more effective algal extracts by maximum antioxidant capacity, were recorded for M extracts of U.intestinalis, E and M extracts of U.linza and U.clathrata. The algal extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity in comparing to ascorbic acid (as a standard) with significant differences between the extract in different concentrations (p≤0.05). The result showed the highest content of total phenol were recorded for the M extracts of U.linza and U.clathrata which confirmed the findings of other researchers that the increase in free radical scavenging activity of natural extracts is associated with the content of phenolic compounds. The highest brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity was recorded for the nH extracts of U. linza (LC50= 300.78 mg/ml). According to the results, in general, U.linza can be introduced as a priority species for biological properties and in further studies.
Conclusion: Three green alga from family Ulvaceae, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza and Ulva intestinalis, have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. U.linza due to the high amount of phenol and high antioxidant power can be introduced as a priority species for biological properties.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Aims: The bio-toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the aquatic ecosystem and the detection of lethal concentrations of this material are of importance. The aim of this study was in vivo comparative toxicity of silver nanoparticles and bio-productivity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in embryo and adult stages.
Materials and Methods: The present experimental study was carried out on 30 fertilized eggs and 30 adult zebrafish and the effects of chemical and bio-productivity of AgNPs were evaluated by brown seaweed (Sargassum boveanum) in evolutionary stages of the embryo and adult zebrafish with a control group and in incremental concentrations. The mortality rate was recorded at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after exposure and the data were analyzed by EPA Probit Analysis 1.5 and SPSS 19 softwares, using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test.
Findings: The toxicity of both types of AgNPs in both evolutionary stages was increased with increasing concentrations and time (p<0.05). After 96 hours, the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) in adult fish was 0.788mg/l for chemical AgNPs and 0.409mg/l for bio-produced AgNPs. Mortality rate at the highest concentration (3mg/l) of AgNPs at 72 and 96 hours in all groups was 100%.
Conclusion: Comparison of the toxicity result showed that the biosynthesis form of AgNPs is more toxic potential than chemical form of AgNPs. It seems the sensitivity of embryo stage to both of silver nanoparticles more than to mature stage.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
Aims: In nanoecotoxicology science, fish erythrocyte micronucleus assay for the monitoring genotoxic potential of nanoparticles is a powerful biomarker. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating genotoxicity of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in red blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using micronucleus assay under acute and chronic treatment. Materials and Methods: In the current experimental study, the genotoxit toxicology of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was performed during an acute (96 hours; 5 concentrations including 0, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/l) and chronic (14 days; 3 concentrations including 0, 100, and 500 mg/l) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in three replications. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 19, using two-way ANOVA, and Duncan's new multiple range test.
Findings: Acute exposure to Fe3O4 nanoparticles had no acute toxicity effect juvenile carp (C. carpio). By increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in a 96-hour interval, the frequency of micronucleus (‰) and other abnormal forms around the red blood cell nucleus of juvenile carps showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the chronic treatment at concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/l of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the rate of increase in the frequency of micronucleus was similar to the acute functional test of concentration.
Conclusion: Although Fe3O4 nanoparticles do not have acute toxicity effects in common carp and are non-toxic, they tend to induce genotoxic effects by increasing the frequency of micronucleus and other abnormalities of the red blood cell core during a concentration-dependent process. So, it seems that the release of FeO4NPs into the environment, it is probable adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.
Takavar Mohammadian, Sakineh Mashjoor, Saeideh Lotfi, Hassan Bakhshi, Reza Ghanei-Motlagh,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract
Today, due to the confirmation of the existence of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties in pomegranate peel, the study of its application potential in food health and fishery products has been the focus of researchers. In the present study, the effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) (Dose: 600 mg/kg) on functional changes of antioxidant system and biochemical parameters of blood serum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during a 45-day exposure against stocking density stress was monitored. In this regard, fish were randomly divided into 6 groups (3 treatment groups and 3 control groups with different levels of stocking density (3, 5, and 10 kg / m3) and three replications. At the end of the exposure period, fish bloodletting and serum preparation were performed. The results of this study did not show a significant increase in biochemical parameters (phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, calcium, and triglycerides) as well as the activity level of some enzymes and antioxidant compounds such as SOD and MDA in fish serum compared to the control group. However, for stress indicators such as glucose and cholesterol and antioxidant activity such as CAT and GSH, production level has been significant. According to the findings, oral administration of pomegranate peel extract dietary supplement is recommended for consumption in dense aquaculture centers of common carp fish.
