---

In this study, the impact of marigold and spirulina, both in isolation and in conjunction with one another, was analyzed on several indicators relating to growth, immunity, survival, and levels of astaxanthin present in zebrafish tissue. 120 zebrafish were randomly allocated to 10 litre aquariums across four different treatment groups (with three replications in each group, each containing 30 fish). The control diet is based on the basic diet, the second treatment diet contains 25 g/kg of spirulina powder (SP) on the basic diet, the third treatment diet contains 25 g/kg of marigold powder (MG) on the basic diet, and the fourth treatment diet It also contains 25 grams of marigold powder (MG) and 25 grams of spirulina (SP+MG)/kg of the basic feed. At the end of the experiment, some immune indicators and astaxanthin were checked in the tissue. The results of this study show the significant effect of spirulina (SP), marigold powder (MG), and the combination of spirulina and marigold powder (SP+MG) on immunity, and astaxanthin. Especially the marigold and the combined treatment of spirulina and marigold showed better performance (P<0.05). respectively, SP+MG and MG treatment significantly increased total protein, lysozyme, and astaxanthin in fish tissue, and the highest amount of IgM was observed in MG treatment (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in relation to growth and survival.

 

---

Nowadays with development of urbanity, request for dwelling has increased extremely. In all the cases the steel structures as for the high speed of construction have a special status. Among the defect of steel buildings than concrete type is higher cost of construction. Hence, occasionally the fabricators with a view to imparting of advantage of both the construction speed and some deal decreasing providing cost of steel lateral bracing, use the steel buildings with reinforced concrete shear wall as lateral bearing system. Hence, study in the field of analysis and design of this structure system seems necessary. At present, one of the most important goals of earthquake engineers is predicting of the structures behavior versus future earthquakes. Today, it has become evident that structures designed on the basis of the existing regulations sustain extensive damages in under intense earthquakes. Thus, performance-oriented design as a method based on acceptance of expected displacement and ductility has been considered. In earthquake engineering, it is imperative to determine the capacity and the seismic demand of the structure in terms of performance. The performance assessment of nonlinear systems is a complex task requiring appropriate analytical methods suitable for modeling the behavior of the structure against the earthquake. The incremental dynamic analysis is an analytical tool which can be used to assess performance in earthquake engineering. This method is able to estimate the seismic demand and limit states of the capacity of a structure under seismic loading using suitable records scales to several levels. Utilizing this method, one can attain better understanding of the behavior of a structure from elastic to destruction conditions. In the present research, dynamic analysis of the time history and the robust software OpenSees have been employed considering the geometric nonlinear effects of materials for seven buildings having 3, 6, 9, and 12 stories and two plans. The structures under consideration are analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis and the robust Opensees software subsequent to the design phase and considering the designed sections, gravity loading characteristics and specifications and seismic parameters. Then, graphing the cluster curves and IDA quantiles the buildings under consideration are assessed. Although the results of this study indicate better performance of the moderate structures in comparison to the short and rise structures, it seems that the proper height of a structure with respect to the characteristics of the soil of its construction site and the parameters of the resonance and damping between the structure and the soil (the effect of soil and structure interaction) and the frequency content of the acceleration records of the first mode in the region. The seismic intensity estimation parameter (which is considered in this study, the first-mode spectral acceleration) is a determinant factor in reflecting the behavior of the earthquake acceleration record applied to the structure. In order to conduct a detailed study with the IDA analysis, it is necessary to select the severity criterion in a way that best describes the content of the selected accelerogram.

---

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are one of the appropriate delivery systems which attract enormous interest for encapsulating bioactive componds in recent years. One of the important physicochemical properties of SLNs is particle size that is influenced by formulation and production process parameters. Inappropriate conditions of the nanaocarrier production process in the pre and main emulsion steps cause unsuitable paricle size as well as unstable emulsion and gel formation. Therefore, in this research production process of SLN was investigated and optimized by hot homogenization method and with two lipids of Compritol and Precirol separately. Hence, homogenization time in preparation of pre emulsion and amplitude and time of ultrasonication in final emulsion production was studied to obtained the smallest particle size. In pre emulsion step, the smallest particle size for Compritol SLN (619±4 nm) and Precirol SLN (373±3 nm) obtained in 180 second mixing by ultra-turax in 16000 (rpm). In final emulsion, 40% amplitude and 3 minutes caused to attained smallest particle size in Compritol SLN (397±5 nm) and Precirol SLN (259±2 nm). Then polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and visual observation of nanocarriers with optimized particle size were examined. The results showed that Precirol SLN had higher zata potential (-12.3±0.6 mV) than Compritol SLN (-8.97±0.17mV) but PDI of two nanocarriers was not significantly different. Visual observation of both nanocarriers at the storage time showed no instability. 

---

The most important danger that threatens a petrochemical refinery is an explosion, which is followed by a fire or vice versa. In fact, the occurrence of initial events such as explosions and fires spread from one part to another like the domino effect if the distance between the storage tanks is not sufficiently considered. Therefore, the distance and arrangement of petrochemical storage tank can play an important role in reducing the damage of initial accidents. So far, due to the explosion uncertainties, no definitive solution has been offered, but a combination of active and passive techniques such as the efficient use of intelligence and security organizations, increasing the scaled distance between the detonation point and the target buildings or providing physical barriers, the use of deformable materials to absorb energy, and the use of appropriate retrofit structural techniques can reduce the effects of explosions. As it turns out, it is virtually impossible to study the propagation of blast waves experimentally on a large scale due to financial constraints and potential hazards. Therefore, to solve this problem, two solutions are proposed: the use of small-scale laboratory methods and the use of numerical methods. Three-dimensional numerical analysis is an efficient method for investigating structural weaknesses, hazard risk analysis, and evaluating of explosion hazard points. In this study, with the help of explosion simulation by Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling method, the research has been surveyed in two parts. In the first part, petrochemical tanks in different arrangements, and,at  different distances from each other are modeled in 3D on Autodyn software on the scale of  and the propagation of explosion waves and the confinement of 8g of TNT pressure in the environment between the tanks are investigated. In the second part, the effect of barrier shape on reducing the blast pressure of 1000 kg of TNT on a real scale has been investigated. The results show that the use of semi-empirical relation in UFC-0-340-02 to determine the blast pressure is applicable only to open environments, and it is not precise in closed environments due to the confinement of the blast pressure.  Moreover, the results show that it is not conservative to use the required distance between tanks considering the amounts proposed by the regulations. As a result, increasing the distance up to twice the amount proposed by the regulations, the effect of explosion pressure confinement is eliminated. The best way to position the tanks in this study is a zigzag pattern with a distance equal to twice the safe distance between the tanks in accordance with NFPA-30. In addition, the results show that by creating a barrier against the explosion, the explosion over-pressure can be greatly reduced, but the shape of the barrier does not have much effect. Although, using the Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling method requires considerable time and appropriate software to perform the calculations, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the blast wave interaction with structures. With the advancement of technology and the use of parallel processing in the cloud space, and the mapping technology it is possible to evaluate the different structures on a real scale against the explosion.