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Showing 5 results for Mokhtari Hashi


Volume 1, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract

Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, Tehran is the most important challenge of political management of space in Iran due to the accumulation of problems in natural and human dimensions. The most important dimensions of this challenge are population density and the lack of coordinated management to overcome this problem and its consequences. Since one cannot consider Tehran separated from far and near hinterland, the first issue is the lack of spatial/geographical justice in these hinterlands. Tehran's problems can be analyzed in three levels: physical-residential, regional, and national. This descriptive-analytical research was carried out based on library resources with the aim of analyzing spatial justice in Iran and organizing political space in Tehran.
Conclusion: The lack of spatial planning and sustainable development approach on the national, regional, and local scale in the Iranian planning system has, above all, resulted in intense centralization, institutionalized, and has led to the formation of the center of the periphery pattern in the country. The performance of development programs, before and after the revolution, has led to the imbalance of the governing pattern of the spatial structure of the country. Also, the spatial/geographical injustice in the country and consequently in Tehran province, as well as the lack of integrated management in Tehran's urban management have caused Tehran's current problems. In order to solve the problems of Tehran and its optimal administration, it should be planned based on the available resources with the fair spatial planning approach to space and in the framework of the spatial planning strategy, using the space justice in three short, medium, and long periods, in order to provide the optimal administration of Tehran.
 

Volume 1, Issue 2 (Spring 2019)
Abstract

Introduction: Spatial planning is a set of measures to organize the distribution of human and activities carried out in the geographical space. Each area should enjoy a range of economic and social activities based on its capabilities, needs, and situation. Spatial planning is the basis of organizing regional development and it is the main instrument for regional and national planning and policy making; it provides the basis for the preparation of socio-economic development plans for each area or country. Since for the fulfillment of development objectives all social resources, including human, economic, spatial, and environmental resources should be used and making use of all these elements needs planning, spatial planning is the basis of comprehensive development plans and projects and connects spatial, social, and economic planning, or as a whole in the form of comprehensive planning, in regional and national scale. Border areas have special characteristics due to their contacts with the external environments. The cross-border exchanges and spatial connections between the adjacent countries as well as the various vulnerabilities and threats posed by this issue necessitate special care to the process of development planning in these areas. The aim of the present research was to investigate the employed strategies for spatial plannig in brder areas in Five-Year economic, social, and cultural development plans of Islamic Republic of Iran (1st to 5th Plan).
Conclusion: In general, and especially in the 3rd and 4th plans, the economic strategy is more important. Also, spatial differences have not been considered in 5-year development plans; strategies ignored the differences in the various border areas of the country and looked at all areas in the same way. In addition, a special type of strategy is focused in each plan.
 

Volume 3, Issue 2 (Spring 2021)
Abstract

Iran is geographically located in the arid climate zone of the earth, which has caused a natural shortage of water in the country. In the past, Iranians have taken some measures such as constructing qanat, dams and reservoirs in most parts of the country to cope with water shortages. Over time, population growth and the expansion of agricultural, industrial and service activities have increased the need for water use. In addition to these issues, the unbalanced distribution of activities and population in the country has often turned the natural phenomenon of water scarcity into a human and managerial phenomenon of the water crisis, as a result of which double pressure is placed on water resources. In this situation, it can be imagined that the environment and natural ecosystems are the first victims of human interventions that have led to water cuts or severe reductions in their right to water and the water crisis brings all kinds of environmental crises. The present study using a descriptive-analytic method investigates the effects and consequences of the water crisis on the country's environment. The research shows examples of this situation in different parts of the country. In a way that the water crisis in various dimensions has destroyed the environment and natural ecosystems in the country and has left irreparable consequences.

Volume 4, Issue 4 (Fall 2022)
Abstract

Iran is geographically located in the dry belt of the earth and this has led to a natural shortage of water. Isfahan province in the center of the country with a long-term average annual rainfall of about 150 mm is also severely limited water resources. Regardless of this, for about half a century, due to various reasons, water consumption in this province, which is mainly due to the establishment of large national industries and their chains, as well as agricultural development and population growth and urbanization, water consumption has increased greatly and lack the appropriateness of water resources and consumption has increased over time. Out of 35 plains of the province, 27 plains are forbidden or critically forbidden. Since no effective practical action has been taken to control this situation, various consumers have tried to compensate part of this mismatch by digging deep and semi-deep wells, both legally and illegally, using underground resources. The lack of replacement of groundwater aquifers and the continuous decline of their water level have caused the phenomenon of subsidence and their permanent destruction, so that even if there are sufficient water resources, these aquifers are no longer able to hold water. This causes the destruction of the most important foundation of the life in subsidence areas, which is the water sources, to be lost forever, which has many environmental, human and political consequences. Currently, subsidence threatens many parts of the province's infrastructure, such as national communication infrastructure such as Shahreza Road near Mahyar, Meshkat Road near Kashan, Bandar Abbas-Tehran Railway near Zavareh, Isfahan-Shiraz Railway near Mahyar and Marvdasht. Isfahan airport as well as other industrial, religious and historical infrastructures such as industrial towns of the province (Jafarabad industrial town of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol); Religious and tourist places (Imamzadeh Agha Ali Abbas, Naqsh Jahan Complex, and historical stairs of the province); Public places Naghsh 11 bsidence is spreading in almost all areas of Isfahan province, which threatens the survival of the province in various dimensions and it is necessary to think of serious practical measures in this area.

Volume 26, Issue 1 (Spring 2022)
Abstract

Many places around the world are increasingly facing water shortage and then water crisis. It is generally believed that water scarcity is a natural phenomenon, but water crisis is a managerial and governance issue. In other words, it is a man-made phenomenon, which is mainly related to poor management in the field of population growth and distribution as well as intensity and distribution of economic activities. Although some researchers consider climate changes as one of the causes of water crisis, part of this phenomenon is the result of human activities. Human beings always affect the geographical space, the quantity and quality of which is often influenced by their type of thinking and thought. At the governmental level, the collective and dominant thought of human beings, which is the criterion for action in dealing with all phenomena in all areas, is known as political thinking and ideology. Neoliberalism is an ideology that has emerged mostly in the economic sphere in the late twentieth century. The main context of the study is politics and space and from a theoretical perspective seeks to answer the following question: what is the effect of neoliberal economic policies on the occurrence or exacerbation of water crisis?
Methodology
This research has been done using the descriptive-analytical method. Data collection is done through library data gathering from printed and Internet sources. The analysis was performed qualitatively and through inferential methods.
Conclusion
The research findings show that some major components of neoliberalism such as privatization, decentralized production, deregulation, and disregard for the public interest in the form of a wide range of actions, policies, and strategies can play a role in water crisis especially in developing countries. Although the occurrence of a water crisis due to the application of these policies is expected in both developing and developed countries, its manifestation and prevalence is higher in developing countries. The reason is that the adoption of the same policies in developed countries often keeps them away from water crises. Because, within the framework of this ideology, they preferentially try to transfer high water consuming and environmentally destructive production processes, industries, and economic activities abroad and to spaces where environmental regulations are less strict. Another notable point is that with the emergence of a water crisis in the geographical spaces of developing countries, which leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of these spaces, companies in developed countries leave those spaces and repeat this destructive cycle in new spaces.
 


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