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Seasonal variability of different parameters of the water column including chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen and turbidity in Noshahr region in Mazandaran province based on measurements using CTD device taken during different seasons of 1397 are investigated. According to the results, maximum chlorophyll-a during the spring in offshore area is below the mixed layer at the depth of 20 (m), during the summer with the lowest concentration among all the seasons is inside the mixed layer at the depth of 20 (m) in offshore area and during the fall and the winter the highest concentration of chlorophyll-a is observed near the coast. Maximum dissolved oxygen during the spring is located at the depth of about 20 (m), in the spring in the offshore is at the depth of 40 (m) and during the fall and winter is observed with maximum values near the surface and the lowest values near the bottom. Maximum turbidity is observed in all seasons near the shore at the depth of 5 m and the maximum values of the turbidity are found during the cold seasons. Zero values of the turbidity during the winter is observed inside the mixed layer, while during the fall and the summer is below the mixed layer and in the spring is found in the deep layer.

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This study introduces the factors influencing on development of high-tech services exports (HTSE) in Iran. After communicating the overall policies of the fifth development plan, the national policy-makers were invited to formulating the exports development plan of high-tech services according to paragraph 29. This paper aimed to the explanation of high-tech services and identification of factors affecting HTSE. In this regard, by a review of literature, initially a sample with 255 people out of a statistical population with 555 members was selected using cluster sampling techniques, then the statistical data was gathered using documentary searches, interviews, formation the focus groups and completion the questionnaires with reliability coefficient of 79 percent. Finally, the factors and targeted indicators have been drawn out of a non-experimental survey design using structural equation modeling (SEM) in Lisrel software environment. The findings indicate that basic requirements and related factors, necessities of efficiency and competitiveness and sustainability as well as related components are of main factors affecting development promotion of high-tech exports in I.R.Iran. The model specified explains the 80 percent of changes in basic requirements, 68 percent of competiveness necessities, and 84 percent of sustainability needs.     

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Environmental crises are among the most important problems and concerns in the 21^st century. Many researchers and experts believe that by encouraging the pro-environmental behavior, these problems can be reduced and it requires increasing the human-environmental knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of environmental knowledge on students' pro-environmental behavior. This research is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all agricultural students studying at the University of Zanjan (N= 1,127). The sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table (n= 290), and the subjects were surveyed using a proportional stratified random sampling method.  In the statistical process of data analysis, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS ver. 24.0 software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that students’ systematic knowledge had a positive and significant effect on students' pro-environmental behavior. Also, the findings indicated that action-related and effective knowledge had no significant effect on students' environmental behavior. Therefore, the systematic knowledge is, directly and indirectly, a good determinant for the environmental behaviors that should be taken into consideration to improve the students' environmental behaviors.