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The purpose of this study was to test the political behavior model on managers' decisions with the mediating role of organizational identity and the moderating role of organizational trust in sports organizations. The study sample was all middle managers Federations, Youth and Sports Ministry, Office of Sport and Youth Sports provinces and provincial heads of 250 people, of whom 104 subjects were randomly selected. The present study is a descriptive-correlational survey research and applied research that was conducted in the field. Data collection was through four questionnaires of political behavior (17 questions), managers' decision making (14 questions), organizational trust (12 questions) and organizational identity (16 questions).Validity and questionnaires were confirmed. Reliability was also reported through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (political behavior =0.89, managers' decision = 0.92, organizational trust =0.85 and organizational identity =0.90). SPSS software, SPSS sample power and Smart PLS were used to analysis the data. The results showed that organizational trust has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions. Political behavior has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions. Political behavior has a positive and significant effect on organizational identity. Organizational identity has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions. Political behavior also has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions through organizational identity. Finally, the results showed that organizational trust can moderate the relationship between political behavior and managers' decisions as a positive and significant effect. According to the results, it is suggested that when appointing managers, persons should be selected who care about the role and opinion of employees in organizational decisions and consider consulting in their activities.

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Aims: Burn infections are one of the most common causes of mortality in the world. On the other hand, microbial resistance to antibiotics has caused concern in the medical community. Therefore, controlling burn infections is very important, and using alternative therapies instead of antibiotics could be a good solution to this problem.
Materials & Methods: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v strains were used in the experiments. Fifty male Wistar rats were prepared, and burn was induced in animals. The burn wounds were inoculated with clinical strains of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in all animals and then treated daily with an eucerin ointment containing different compositions, including NaCl, imipenem, probiotic cell pellet, probiotic supernatant, and probiotic cell pellet + probiotic supernatant. The wound healing process was evaluated in animals after 7 days of treatment. Comparisons between different groups were performed using One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc tests.
Findings: After 7 days of treatment, the mean wound size in the probiotic cell pellet group was significantly lower than in the control and imipenem groups. Also, the mean wound size in the probiotic supernatant group was significantly lower than in the imipenem group. Histological parameters related to skin repair in the probiotic cell pellet group was better than in the control and antibiotic groups. Also, inflammation in the probiotic cell pellet group was less than in the control and imipenem groups.
Conclusion: The macroscopic results of this study supported the microscopic results and showed that the mean size of the burn wounds in the probiotic cell pellet group was less than in the control and imipenem groups after 7 days of treatment.

 

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Business environment has a significant impact on performance of all enterprises, and thus affects economic development. According to the view of the majority of economic experts, Iran's business environment is not in a good condition. Most of actions for its improvement are implemented without considering their components interactions and hence no success is achieved.Therefore,before any action, it is crucial that the components of business environement should be identified.The aim of this research is vast analysis of business environment elements and their interaction, Hence the context and business environement improvement is obtained. This research has identified 481 components of the business environment by examining 1751 international and domestic researches. Interpetive- Structural Modeling as a tool of soft operation reseach (OR), makes people and groups map the complex relationships among many elements in a complex decision making situation. In this research, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling we analysed intensity of influence, effects, direct and indirect effects and their dependency. The results of the research show that, the most influential component of business environment is legal environment. Hence, for improvement of legal environment and consequently Iran's business environement patology and procedures of law making are mostly important duty of policy makers.

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This paper attampts to analyze the functions of the capacities of language from the perspective of verbal irony in the representation of historical events in the two plays "Jangnameh Golaman" and "Fathnameh Kallat" based on the idea of Meta historiography. Accordingly, we first attempt to provide a definition of Meta historiography and the importance of irony as an important component in Meta historiography, and then elaborate on the types of verbal irony and its function in the dramatic text and analyze the components in the study samples. Therefore, the framework of the discussion is a combination of the linguistic and stylistic studies of Deirdre Wilson and Hayden White. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical and it is possible to analyze the components with sample mining. The findings of this study show that in two plays by Bahram Beizaie, a verbal irony is a linguistic device for employ the potential capacities of language and a tool for historical implications. This linguistic capacity manifests itself sometimes in parodic and significant statements and sometimes in the interpretive and analytical context of the text, given that the mechanism of creating irony and sence in the play's text cannot be extrapolated without considering the meta text of history

1. Introduction
Dramatic literature is one of the most critical fields in dealing with historical and social themes. It has undergone extensive developments in line with new theories in other areas of science. One of the latest theories that have a linguistic approach is the idea of metahistory. This theory, described by the American philosopher and historian Hayden White, has received much attention from scholars and researchers in recent years. It has become the basis of literary studies from a linguistic perspective. This research, to explain the idea of metahistory from the standpoint of linguistic practices, tries to answer how verbal irony, as one of the main components in meta-history, leads to the representation and not the re-narration of history in Bahram Beyzai's plays. To this end, we first explain the idea of meta-history, verbal irony, and its types as basic features in meta-historiography. Within Wilson and Sperber's verbal ironic theory framework, we study the two plays Jangnameh Golaman and Fathnameh Kallat. 
Hayden White's idea of metahistoriography was a literary strategy for recreating history. Based on Nietzsche, White believed that there was a gap between facts and perceptions of truth, which was the source of human bitterness and frustration. This gap is an ironic and painful situation from which humanity is to find a way out, and he needs to find that way in himself. Meta-history is a way of extending and talking about this unbearable situation. In general, it has an expressive and rhetorical meaning, which is characterized by relying on the configuration of deep imaginative structures and the function of verbal terms. 
As a rhetorical figure, the irony is a conscious turn in this type of narrative history in such a way that no certainty can impose itself on history in the form of a definite interpretation. Hence, there are various reports and reflections about a weak narrative of an event. In this sense, the irony is a trick or rhetorical figure that can produce concepts and meanings in the deep layers of speech, and verbal irony, as the most common type of irony while using its imitative capacities and interpretive and analytical similarities, provides a basis for presenting various reports of past events; therefore history is freed from the shackles of imposing a particular narrative.
Wilson and Sperber consider the main feature of verbal irony to be its propositions, which are deliberately uttered by ironists, or they create semantic prominences as a linguistic technique. The first type is "parody," which is a paradox and is related to repetition in the form of language. In a way that there is often an element that has been exaggerated, and the second type is the echo of a word or action that the ironist interprets. Thus, there is always an intermediary between what is said or done and its representation.
In the metahistorical play, we are confronted with ironic expression, so the irony is expressed through two levels of verbal speech and linguistic style. In this sense, language has a vast capacity to deal with historical events. This research method is descriptive and analytical, and it has made it possible to analyze the components by sampling. In this research, based on two plays by Bahram Beyzai, a verbal irony has been studied from the two perspectives of speech and linguistic style. Findings in this study show that the meaning of the word is never limited to parts of speech, but along with body language, tone, and sounds, it forms a kind of expression that is related to the experiences of the audience and therefore, each audience will have their perception and interpretation of it. 
In the Jangnameh Golaman, although the excerpts are uttered for the purpose of laughter, they are placed in a verbal structure and in relation to the meta-text of history, reflecting a hidden meaning that is deeply connected to the historical and cultural mechanisms of a nation. From an interpretive point of view, we are faced with a kind of linguistic style in which the text is open to interpretation. Thus, understanding this type of irony is in the light of the understanding of the text in the context in which the text is read (or watched). From a metahistorical point of view, this type of irony creates constant references between the present and the past and considers history as the hypertext in which the original text is formed. In this sense, in Fathnameh Kallat, concepts are constructed concerning the presuppositions and context of the text, but it is not conveyed only through verbal propositions, but it ironically depicts and expresses an agonizing situation.
It seems necessary to mention two points. First, the study of metahistory, as well as verbal irony theories, shows that whether we encounter irony as a verbal proposition or as a linguistic prominence, we are, inevitably, beyond transcendence of grammar and syntax, and practical analysis of ironic discourses; because the ironic sense is not only constructed through the form of language but also in the intermediate relationship between the experiences of the audience and the text. Hence, there is no entirely rational applied model for ironic analysis. The second point is related to the development of this debate in dramatic literature, which can open new perspectives on the study of playwriting, especially the study of dramatic literature in Iran, which is very limited.

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In this study, the effect of different hydrolysis times (45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 minutes) by alcalase enzyme on the yield and quality of oil extracted from common kilka fish (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) was investigated. The results showed that the highest extraction yield (40.41%) was in the hydrolyzed treatment for 135 minutes, which was not significantly different from other treatments. The qualitative indices of TBA, FFA, and CD of the extracted oils increased by increasing hydrolysis time, so the highest value of the mentioned indices was at 225 minutes, while the highest value of the PV index was at 180 minutes. Because the treatment of oil extracted in 45 minutes had lower values in the investigated oxidative spoilage indicators, it was selected as the treatment. The composition of its fatty acids was investigated, and it was found that monounsaturated fatty acids were the predominant fatty acids. Also, the amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids did not show significant differences (p < 0.05). According to the obtained results, it was found that different hydrolysis times have different effects on the yield and quality of the obtained oil. Therefore, more research and studies are needed to fully investigate the effect of hydrolysis time on the quality characteristics of the oil extracted from Kilka fish.
 

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Discourse space is a key element in conveying concepts in a play text. This article will look forward to answer this question how metaphors could be used in discourse about social and historical problems and their usage in play texts as a linguistic form. Hence we will use George Lakoff and Zoltan Kovecses views and then we will show how metaphors which are the building blocks of Language and Culture,  are used to help form the discourse space. Lakoff and Kovecses look to discourse space, as a result of interaction between mind, body and type of the culture that interactors live within. Hence in a play text, we will face a complex interaction between writer’s / audience mind in one hand, and experience and physical and mental abstraction on the other hand. Also the context where the play text is formed in, and the context where it is comprehend, are the key elements. This article will show how by using metaphors and cultural and historical contexts, Akbar Radi has managed to create a complex and deductive discourse space in Ofool text. So at first, we are facing linguistic metaphors which act in text structures (dialogues, atmospheres and characterizations), and in higher level, we are facing conceptual metaphors which act by making connection between play text origination and audience experiences that merge contextual discourse space into audience mind space which will result in a new discourse space.

Discourse space is one of the key elements in conveying concepts in any dramatic text. This article seeks to answer the question of how metaphors can be the subject of discourse on social and historical issues and what function they play in the play as a linguistic form.
Based on this statement, we have used the ideas of George Lakoff (1941) and Zoltan Kovecses (1946) and shown how metaphors, which are rooted in language and culture, help to shape the space of discourse. Lakoff and Kovecses see the space of discourse as the result of an interaction between the mind, body, and cultural context in which actors are present.
Thus, in a Dramatic text, we are faced a combination of the interaction between the writer's mind and the audience, as well as both physical and mental experiences and abstractions. Also, the context in which the play is formed and the context in which the play is understood are an essential element.
The results obtained in this article show that Akbar Raadi, using metaphors and cultural and historical contexts of the text, has created a multi-discourse and inferential atmosphere in the Ofool Play.
In this way, on one level we are confronted with linguistic metaphors that operate in the structure of the text (dialogues, atmosphere and characterization), and on a higher level we are dealing with conceptual metaphors that operate through the relationship between the objectivity of the play and the audience's experiences. It integrates the text into the audience's mind and creates a new discourse.
One of the contexts of discourse is culture. Culture is a set of our shared understanding of the world, and frameworks form a major part of that understanding.
Based on the results obtained in this study, frameworks have emerged from the interaction of metaphors and structure our perception of events. Metaphor in meta-historiography is not an array or literary industry, but a linguistic and discourse capacity.
In this respect, we are faced two spectrums of metaphor that represent one category of non-linguistic concepts (related to context and culture) and the other category of linguistic concepts (discourse space).
In the play entitled “ofool” by Akbar Radi , the native context and culture of Narestan are considered, by default. On the other hand, the discourse space in the play is the result of time, mental spaces, parts of culture and texture.
From a discursive point of view, parts of speech and actions play an essential role in the interpretation of events and the formation of concepts. Radi has made dramatic use of confrontations in the direction of discourse about the present and the past, and has tried to construct a form of discourse from different mental spaces, without seeking orientation toward a particular idea.
The basic atmosphere in the play of”ofool” is a broad historical and social context that is not even limited to Narestan or the climate of northern Iran.
The conceptual metaphors of "action is power" and "failure is ignorance", "understanding is freedom", "fighting against nature is oppression", "happiness is obedience" and similar metaphors are concepts that do not remain limited to the text of the play and they can be studied from a cognitive point of view and in the form of any other historical phenomenon in Iran.
As the conflict between Emad and Ascension is a metaphorical reference to the failure of the idea of ​​reform in the history of Iran. Meraj seems to have devoted all his efforts to building the school until the end of the play, but it is Emad who, by "transferring" the property to Kasmai, shows the main action (moving forward) and that he simply surrenders to the situation. Yes, Jahangir is Ascension.
Thus, the passive intellectual who until then had urged the people to wait, to come out of their "dark cocoons" and to use their "terrible power" is doomed to failure.
The evidence presented in this article shows that conceptual metaphors are more culturally and sociologically determined, and that the play, as a text that engages the audience's mental space more dynamically, is a mechanism between understanding abstract concepts and performing them

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Considering only two dimensions (cost and time) among different dimensions that have been defined for evaluation success of rehabilitation and renovation process in urban decay contexts, and with attention to the special condition of Iran, the current trend is clearly inappropriate. In this regard, this study, considering the important role of suitable housing and urban space in the welfare of the citizenry, aims to facilitate and amend this process by evaluating strategies to encourage non-government sector in order to comprehensive participation in the mentioned process. For this purpose, using Descriptive-Analytical methodology, the research hypotheses were evaluated from the perspective of descriptive and illative statistics. The results showed this reality that despite neglect to indirect encourage instrument (Non-Grant Base Instrument) in order to encourage investors to investment in rehabilitation and renovation process, these instruments can be useful similar to direct encourage instruments that mainly have a financial base. Also test results of the second hypothesis showed a correlation between desire to investment in decay urban contexts and use of industrial construction methods in these contexts; this can provide suitable opportunity for decision makers in order to encourage use of industrial construction methods, because they have different kinds of benefits that inherently increase tendency of both the investor and citizenry to investment in urban decay contexts.

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The supersonic turbines are widely used in various industries and power generation systems, including gas turbines, space propulsion, heavy transport industries, and etc. In general, these turbines are used when a high specific work with a low fluid Mass flow is needed. It is possible to extract a high specific work from small height supersonic impulse blades in these turbines. To prevent losses due to the low blades aspect ratio, the turbine is used in partial-admission conditions; so that, the fluid flow is only fed from a part of the rotor. The degree of partial-admission and the type of blade profile are important factors that have significant effects on the turbine performance. The aim of this work is to design and investigate the effects of various types of impulse blade profiles on the turbine’s performance. A preliminary design code is developed in order to predict turbine performance. These results are evaluated using the experimental results. In the next step, using the calculation of design code, two-dimensional profiles are created using different design methods and numerically analyzed. Finally, the profiles that were better than the original model were studied by 3D numerical analysis. It was found that the performance parameters such as efficiency, power, and torque are increased by more than 8% in the selected best model, in comparison with the original model. Moreover, the total pressure loss is 12% decreased for the selected model. In general, the results show that the selected profile would have a superior performance.
 

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The estimation of seismic demand that connects the ground motion intensity measure and the damage measure of structures is one of the most important components in the performance-based design. In the seismic demand model, the relationship between the structural response and a seismic parameter that expresses the random nature of earthquake is expressed in the mathematical form. Therefore, proper choice of earthquake intensity measure as a seismic parameter and identifying how it is related to structural damage can play an important role in reducing errors in seismic assessments. In many studies, the first mode spectral acceleration (Sa (t₁)) or maximum ground acceleration (PGA) has been introduced as an appropriate intensity measure. However, some recent studies indicate that these IMs are insufficient in some circumstances. On the other hand, choosing a suitable method for measuring the sufficiency of intensity measures due to the existing uncertainties and also examining the performance of single-line demand model is of particular importance and should be considered. In this study, the suitability of different intensity measures of ground motion is quantified by using information theory and relative entropy concepts and    Sa (t₁) is used as the base IM. For this purpose, several concrete moment frame structures with different number of floors and heights have been considered and time history dynamic analysis has been performed using pulse-like earthquake records by IDARC software. The Park-Ang damage index, which has many applications, especially in concrete structures, has been used for structural response. Given that there is a possibility of different behavior of intensity measures at different damage levels, the discussion of multilinear demand models is proposed and the performance of several multilinear models has been evaluated by statistical tests. The results show that velocity-based intensity measures are sufficient for moderate damage level under pulse liked records. At these damage levels, the use of first mode spectral acceleration or acceleration-based intensity measures such as maximum ground acceleration can cause errors. Also, studies conducted in this paper have shown that the use of single-linear model is not suitable for all damage levels and the use of a three linear model with respect to damage levels can reduce errors in seismic assessments.

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The present research intends to offer a paradigm for the human dignity and the work life of teachers of physical education. The study is survey-based, with an objective of reaching an applied – developmental research. The statistical population is teachers of physical education from all around the country who were serving 2017. Considering Cochran Formula, 370 persons were selected as specimens and distributed using randomized cluster sampling, in 5 groups based on their province of residence which could be from 1-northern, 2-southern, 3-eastern, 4-western or 5-central provinces. The tools used for gathering data were the human dignity self-made questionnaire along with Walton’s quality of work life (QWL) questionnaire. To answer the research’s questions, hypotheses and data analyses, following software packages were used: LISREL for exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and modeling SPSS for descriptive statistics, t- statistical models for single group and two independent groups, Lea hey Method and variance analysis.
The research’s finding showed that the human dignity of the teachers of physical education was higher than the average level but their quality of work life was lower than the average level. The results of the ranking of human dignity dimensions showed that physical, behavioral, functional and mental dimensions had the most impact on the quality of work life, respectively
These two variables have a mutual relation and can affect each other. So the research’s pattern is confirmed.