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Culture filtrates (CF) of two species of the nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys conoidesat three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of stock, were tested on the mortality of second stage juveniles (J2) and egg hatching rate of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. Results showed that the percent juvenile mortality was directly proportional to concentration of the filtrates. Egg hatching rate of these nematodes was inversely affected by increasing concentrations. Also CFs had various impacts on the mortality of J2 and egg hatching rate. In case of M. incognita maximum J2 mortality (28.98%) occurred after 24 hours of exposure to A. conoides filtrate at concentration of 100%. The minimum toxicity (12.5% J2 mortality) was recorded for A. oligospora at 25% filtrate concentration. At the same time, the highest rate of J2 mortality of M. javanica (19.18%) belonged to the 100% concentration of A. conoides, while minimum toxicity belonged to 25% concentration of A. oligospora causing 9.09% mortality. Maximum egg hatching rate for M. incognita (30.75%) belonged to control and minimum hatching rate (1.25%) belonged to 100% concentration of A. conoides. The highest hatching rate of M. javanica (36.25%)belonged to control and minimum hatching rate (1.25%) occurred at 100% concentration of A. conoides.

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 The present study was aimed to investigate the physicomechanical properties of biodegradable ternary films based on chitosan (CH) and starch (ST) at different ratios (100ST/0CH, 75ST/25CH, 50ST/50CH, 25ST/75CH and 0ST/100CH) via a simple casting method.The results showed that adding different ratios of chitosan (25-75%) to the control film (100ST:0CH)significantly reduced the moisture content, and elongation at break (EAB) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films, as the 75ST:25CH ratio has the lowest values; also, the solubility, tensile strength, contact angle and whiteness index of the films showed a significant increase compared to the control (p <0.05). FT-IR spectra of different films showed interactions through hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl moieties of ST and amino moieties of CH in the blends, which enhanced the compatibility between the two polymers. On the other hand, the indicators related to the DSC test indicated that the thermal stability of composite films reduced after the addition of ST. SEM microstructural observations clearly demonstrated a re-organization of the surface of the two-phase films due to the presence of ST.The obtained results suggested the effectiveness of blending approach in improving the compatibility of polymers and overall functionality of films.

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In spite of a lot of studies in field of housing, housing supply has been less addressed. One of main reasons is complexity of housing supply field. In this study we use Capozza and Helsley urban growth model which assume housing supply as a function of variations in both housing price and construction expenses. The model is estimated with General Method of Moments (GMM) using seasonal data of Iran for 1996:2-2008:1. Results show that effect of housing price variations on housing supply is positive, however the effect of building material expenses and construction opportunity cost (stock exchange index) are both negative on it, but coefficient of stock exchange index is statistically insignificant. In addition, housing price variations and building material expenses with two period lags are effective on housing supply which indicate role of expectations. Also results show that variations in the other markets such as building materials market play important role in housing supply. It is proposed that because of high sensitivity in increasing of housing price, policies of housing supply to be followed by this market.

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According to the current Iranian company law, promoters of a public limited company may be legal or natural persons. They provide all conditions in the way of formation, e.g. providing a prospectus, public offer and subscription and registration of company. In this stage, the company necessarily does not have legal personality, but according to the article 1(12) of the Iranian Securities Market Act 1384: 2005 “Issuer is legal entity that issues securities under it’s name”. Thus the concept of issuer in the Securities Market Act is not in harmony with the current company law. Responsibility of the issuer according to the article 43 of the recent act is based upon negligence criterion and occurs when he publishes advertisement or prospectus for public offering of securities without observing the provisions of the acts. If the issuer is responsible accompanied with the investment bank, auditor, assessors and legal advisors of the issuer, for effective protection of the investor who incurred a loss due to their negligence, it is necessary to hold responsibility jointly and severally. The competent bodies, which are eligible to deal with compensation claims in the exchange market are “Board of Directors of the Exchange” and the “Arbitration Board”. These two bodies to appear to have parallel judicial competence, which is not acceptable based on the procedural regulation. In English law, the issuer is a legal entity and the competent authorities are: Treasury, FSA, tribunal and court.

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The detection of changes in the dynamic behavior of structures is an important issue in structural safety assessment. Deployment and servicing of marine and coastal structures such as piers in the marine environment with constantly changing, requires understanding the dynamic behavior of these structures to prevent possible damage. Among the factors of uncertainty in understanding the dynamic performance of piers is uncertainties related to semi-rigid connection of deck to piles. According to this fact that the main mass of the structure is on deck, the connection of deck to piles is very important. In this study, experimental and numerical model of beach piers were studied. A Test on experimental modal analysis was performed to determine the response of structures. A numerical model of the structure prepared and theory of modal analysis was performed on it. Then, based on the finite element model updating of structure approach, identify and determine the percentages of semi-rigid connections. Results show this fact the connection isn’t fully rigid. According to the present method can be compared to determine the percentage of semi-rigid connections and prepare the finite element model with more adaptable to the experimental model. Updated results with this method were very close to the real model.

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One of the parts of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights is the story of the "Jewish tailor and the hunchback". In this section, it is mentioned that a Jewish person was worried about unintentionally causing the death of a hunchback and was afraid that if the Muslims found out about his work, they would "remove the Jewish generation from the earth". "Violence" can be observed in this passage. In a comparative approach, in order to find the roots of this phrase, this article has gone through several versions and translations of the stories of the Thousand and One Nights and has come to the conclusion that the sentence in question did not exist in its Persian root before it was translated into Arabic, and when it was translated again from Arabic to Farsi has been added to it. When the version of One Thousand and One Nights was under Arab control and Harun al-Rashid took possession of it, this sentence was also added to it sooner or later; That is, there was no such sentence in its original version.
Extended abstract
One Thousand and One Nights is one of the important sources, it is a long story, rich in history, mysterious and wonderful, which contains various roots of Iranian, Indian and Arab literature and culture. Due to the vastness and complex nature of this collection of stories, a specific author cannot be defined for it, and the correct theory is that the Thousand and One Nights, whenever it was under the domination and rule of a government throughout history, was changed by that government and It has increased and decreased. Perhaps, not assigning it to a specific author and a specific culture and civilization is one of the most important reasons for this chaos and the ease of changing the content of One Thousand and One Nights.
Fortunately, one of the things that can be seen in this collection of stories, and the following article was written with this in mind, is a sentence that can be seen in the story of the hunchbacked man and the Jewish tailor. The story is that when the Jewish tailor and his wife put food in the hunchback's mouth as a joke and he chokes because of the large bite, they say out of fear and worry that if the Muslims find out about this, they will wipe out the Jewish generation.
This passage contained a type of anti-Semitism and it seemed that this passage was added to it in one of the manipulations that have been carried out throughout history in One Thousand and One Nights.
After adapting the Persian versions and proving that this sentence did not exist in the Persian original, which was the traditional version before it was translated into Arabic, but today there are few traces of it, and after the thousand and one nights went into Arabic and From there it was translated into Farsi, and this sentence also appeared in it, it is concluded that this anti-Semitic passage of one thousand and one nights did not exist in its Persian original and after being translated from Arabic, it has this passage.
 

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When groundwater is contaminated, removal of contaminants and the restoration of quality may be slow and sometimes, impractical. It can be harmful for human health, the ecosystem and can result in water shortage. Thus, simulation of contaminant transport can be an important task in hydro-environmental studies and consequently, it is necessary to develop the robust models which can determine the temporal forecast of pollution. For temporal modeling groundwater level and contaminant concentration (GLCC), several computational methods, namely, finite difference method, finite volume method, finite element method and boundary element method have been applied for numerical solution of governing physical-based partial differential equation (PDE). Although the physical-based numerical technique are widely used for temporal and/or spatial modeling of systems, some real-world conditions such as anisotropy and heterogeneity can have meaningful impacts on GLCC and restrict the usefulness of such methods. As a result, these method may be replaced by other techniques. In situation where there is no sufficient field data and output accuracy is preferred over perception of phenomena, a data-driven or black box model can be proper subsided. The uncertainty and complexity of the groundwater process have caused data-driven models such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are widely used by hydrogeologists. Several studies have been performed to examine the susceptibility of artificial intelligence (AI) models for GFCT modeling. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) is a technique for examination the localized correlation coefficient and their phase lag between non-stationary time series as a function of both time-frequency spaces. Furthermore, the cross-wavelet power is indicated as high common power of two time series and is found in time-frequency space by cross wavelet transform (XWT). Specifically, XWT investigates the regions in time-frequency space with large common power about a consistent phase relationship, and accordingly suggestion for causality between and time series. On the other hand, the WTC explores the regions in time-frequency apace in which and time series co-vary, but not essentially with high power. So, while analyzing two time series for evaluating both causality and local co-variance, the WTC is more suitable. In order to examine the applicability of the proposed AI-meshless model in real world conditions, the contaminant transport problem in Miandoab plain located in the northwest of Iran was considered as the case study. Miandoab plain, is located in a delta region of Zarrineh and Simineh Rivers. Urmia Lake in north of Miandoab plain, the largest salt-water lake in the Middle East, has been experienced climate change in early 2 decades. The wavelet transform coherence used in this study can be considered as a novel method for spatial clustering of piezometers, for detecting the interaction of aquifers in the plain and relationship between water level of the lake and GLs and CCs of piezometers located near the lake shore witch can present helpful information in GL and CC modeling. The results showed that the efficiency of ANFIS model was more than ANN model up to 30%. Reliability of ANFIS model is more than ANN model in both calibration and verification stages duo to the efficiency of fuzzy concept to overcome the uncertainties of the phenomenon.

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In this research, the extraction of protein from sprouted mung bean was conducted by the combination of ultrasound pretreatment, alkaline extraction and acid precipitation processes and the effects of sonication power (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 W) and sonication time (10, 20, 30 and 40 min) on the structural and functional properties of the sprouted mung bean protein isolate (SMPI) were investigated. The results showed that the maximum extraction yield, protein solubility, water holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC) and foaming capacity (FC) were reached in sonication power and the extraction time of 300 W and 30 min, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the extracted proteins showed no destruction of the functional groups of the extracts during the sonication process. In addition, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed that longer sonication time and higher power of sonication led to more denaturation of proteins. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated considerable inter space and pores in the remaining sprouted mung bean cake at longer time and higher power of sonication. Based on the results, the functional properties of SMPI for use as a food ingredient could be enhanced by sonication, which is a green extraction process.

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Navab is a dissident poet and political thinker. He believes that he has responsibilities in relation to the Arab community and the Arabic governments. The present study is an attempt to study rebellion poem in Arabic Contemporary Literature, Assuming that he is one of the political opposition Arab governments, so in this article we will study poetry which was written in the space of censorship prohibition, repression, imprisonment and torture and has entered the community despite crackdown. Particular method of research is descriptive analytical. The writer’s perspective is based on: Subject and content of the poem, is a Motivational and purpose. Also we used deductive and analytical methods, Because Subject paper is the Intellectual, political, and psychological. This study is built the main question; what is the terms and concepts, rebellion poem in poetry navab? The findings show; 1. Protest and reflection that is illustrator poet suffering, which is imposed the poet for against tyranny and freedom of people; 2. Protest poetry is a reflection of dreams revolutionaries in Iraq and other Arabic countries; 3. Concepts human codes are focused on authoritarian regimes and Arabic revolutions and win them over domineering powers.  

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Nowadays, by the increasing expansion of commercial contracts in the international arena, the use of multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses have been increased. These clauses have many functions for the parties compared to other judicial and arbitration methods. Identifying this issue is very useful in the practical procedure, assuming that the terms of the dispute resolution are binding, the arbitrator starts the arbitration regardless of the observance of these terms by the parties, the arbitration award is invalid due to the lack of competence of the arbitrator, or the violation of the terms is simply a matter of admissibility. A group is of the opinion that non-compliance with the condition of multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses directly affects the jurisdiction, and the arbitrator has exceeded the limits of his jurisdiction, subsequently the decision issued according to the law is null, and it has no legal effect. In contrast, some believe that this issue is related to the admissibility, which is a gentler approach and in line with respecting the sovereignty of the volition governance principle to resolve the dispute through arbitration and non-intervention of the court. Basically, their basis for supporting this theory is that the claim is merely defective in form, and the arbitration agreement between the parties is valid. Regarding the types of legal reactions to non-compliance with the conditions of dispute resolution, suspending the arbitration process at the same time as granting a deadline to comply with the pre-arbitration conditions is preferable to other solutions.