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Volume 8, Issue 3 (Summer 2022)
Abstract
Backgrounds: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of increasing concern to humans and animals. Considering the side effects of drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis, it is essential to find alternative drugs.
Materials & Methods: In this study, colchicine and propranolol at four concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15 µg/mL) were added to the RPMI medium containing peritoneal macrophages and incubated for 60 min, Then tachyzoites were added to the medium, and the efficacy rates of colchicine and propranolol in inhibiting tachyzoites entry into macrophages were evaluated after 30 and 60 min. For in vivo assay, one group received no drugs, and the second group was treated with colchicine and propranolol at different concentrations for different durations.
Findings: The in vitro experiment showed that treatment with 15 mg/mL of colchicine and propranolol for 60 min following tachyzoites addition was the most efficient method to inhibit tachyzoites penetration, indicating the efficacy rates of 80.20%±1.20 and 89.97%±1.30, respectively (p< .05). Based on the in vivo test, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of colchicine one hour before tachyzoites injection had the best inhibitory effect (70.32%±4.07). Also, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of propranolol 90 min before tachyzoites injection (78.54%±1.99) induced the best inhibitory effect (p< .05).
Conclusion: According to the results, colchicine and propranolol could inhibit tachyzoites entrance into nucleated cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the most efficient concentrations and times for using these substances were determined.
Seyyed Morteza Hoseini, Esmail Pagheh, Abbasali Aghaei Moghaddam, Behrouz Gharavi, Melika Ghelichpour,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (2-2025)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding cottonseed meal along with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PTCC5052—either iron-enriched or non-enriched—on the economic justification of production, biochemical blood characteristics, microbial flora, and histopathological status of the intestine in juvenile rainbow trout. Fish were distributed in four treatments with four replications. One control diet without cottonseed meal, one diet containing 15% cottonseed meal, and two diets containing 15% cottonseed meal + 1 × 108 cfu/g of yeast or iron-enriched yeast were provided to the fish for 8 weeks. The results indicated no significant differences in fish production efficiency, plasma biochemical indices, and histopathological status of the intestine among the treatments. The cost of feed per unit of fish production in the treatments containing cottonseed meal significantly decreased compared to the control treatment, with the lowest cost was observed in the treatment without yeast. No significant differences in microbial abundance were observed between the control treatment and the cottonseed meal treatment; however, the addition of yeast or iron-enriched yeast to the diet resulted in an increased density of the genus Saccharomyces, a reduction in the density of the genera Aeromonas and Vibrio, and a decrease in the density of Yersinia ruckeri in the fish intestine. The results of this study indicate that adding 15% cottonseed meal to the diet of rainbow trout can enhance the economic justification for fish production, and the addition of yeast to this diet improves the microbial flora in the fish's intestine
