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Although European integration was aimed at expanding regional co-operation and greater integration between member states, but the Corona Virus has threatened its main objectives. The purpose of this inquiry is to analyze the potential consequences of the spread of the Corona Virus on European co-operation and European strategic co-operation to manage this crisis. The present study was based on the hypothesis that weaknesses and failure of the EU members in the face of Corona Virus has intensified unilateralism among members of the European Union. The author using descriptive- analytic method looks consequences of Corona Virus in European countries. The research findings indicated that the Corona Virus triggered cracking of the gap between the states of the north and south and the emergence of populist movements. Also, hopelessness and mistrust, unemployment and poverty have been increased among EU members. In response to the crisis, the European Union has begun to strengthen its governance by looking at the previous experience and with investments in the health sector as a way to enhance the swing, flexibility and stability of the member countries economy.

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Aims: numerous studies have delved into the intricate connection between the built environment of communities and human beings in various aspects. Researchers have shown a keen interest in understanding the social dynamics of residents and the role of open and public spaces. despite the abundance of research, a comprehensive consensus regarding theoretical foundations, measurement techniques, and evaluation tools is yet to be reached. This article aims to address this gap by proposing potential paths for future studies that seek to examine the relationship between public and open spaces and residents' individual and social indicators.
Methods: Using a descriptive-exploratory approach, theories and approaches that can be relied upon in studies in this field, as well as methods, variables, and components that can be used to evaluate the public and open spaces, are introduced and limitations are discussed.
Findings: The investigations have shown that a combination of several theories can form the basis for research that addresses the relationship between human beings and the public and open spaces, and models have also been introduced to interpret the relationship between these two variables. The study categorizes the variables of the public and open spaces into three distinct categories and presents indicators for measuring each category.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the evaluation of public and open spaces in a quantitative manner can be accomplished through diverse methods and approaches. The selection of a specific path, as outlined in this article, should be based on the objectives and research questions at hand.
 

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The relationship between the condition "If you fear that you may not maintain justice with orphan girls" and the answer "Then marry women of your choice – two, three, or four" in the al-Nisāʼ/3 is one of the interpretative challenges which caused many translation differences. This condition structure has 7 different translations, focusing on the equivalences of "women, desirable women, orphaned and non-orphaned women, orphan mothers, mature women, women fit in with justice and non-orphan women In the meantime, a criterion for preferring and criticizing translations is needed to have the power to understand and analyze interpretive votes because of the dependence of translation on interpretation. To this aim, was used the analytical-descriptive and Surah’s structural analysis method, in which the Surah is as an intertwined network of different topics with focusing on the contexts. . By this criterion, the seventh species is chosen as the selected translation and can be presented as follows: "If you are afraid that you will not treat orphans in installments, marry women (other than orphans) in two, three and four." Therefore, the crucial achievement of this paper can be considered as providing an in-textual criterion for illuminating the proposed translations for the text of the Qur'an. Therefore, using the verse, context, chapter, surah structures and its intention is the basis for evaluating translations and providing correct translation. Implementation of this method of translation criticism on long Sura al-Nisāʼ in the present study will be an example to prove the constructive effect on criticism and preference of translations throughout the Qur'an.

 

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Research background:
So far, no research has been done about the krait totem in Baloch folklore and literature. Some of the studies that are slightly related to the present research are:
1. Totemic reading of the animal motifs of the Halil River Jiroft civilization (3rd millennium BC) by Sehatmanesh (2018): In this article, the author examines the animal motifs discovered in Halilrud based on totemism and concludes that about 47% of the discovered motifs are related to animals. This article indicates the importance and sanctity of animals in this area of civilization.
2. Metamorphosis of blood into a snake in Garshaaspnaameh byEmami et al. (2013): In this article, the authors investigate the mystery of finding a snake from blood. One of the findings of this article is emphasizing the connection between snake and blood.
3. A new species of cobra and its registration in Iran by Abtin et al. (2016): This article identifies and examines a new species of a black snake that lives in Baluchistan. This research is based on environmental sciences and biology, and it is related to the present research only because of the investigation and stabilization of the krait in Balochistan.
Research purposes, questions, and assumptions
In this research, we examined how the krait became a totem and its continuation over many centuries. We wanted to know how krait is presented as a totem and what its connection is with the structures of Baloch consciousness. The continuity of a totem until now is another important psychological issue. The answer to why this continuity is based on Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis will provide a more accurate understanding of Balochi popular culture and literature.
In the present study, after explaining and describing the krait totem in Balochi popular culture and literature, using the theoretical approaches of Freud and Lacan in the field of psychoanalysis, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the author's field research in Balochistan, we examined the emergence, continuity, and function of this totem in Balochi popular culture and literature. The most important research questions are:
1. What is the position of the Bungarus totem in Balochi popular culture and literature?
2. What are the psychoanalytic principles of the formation and continuation of the Bungarus totem in Baloch culture?
Main discussion
Baloch is one of the ancient tribes that has still preserved many of its very old customs and traditions. There are still signs of belief in some animal and plant totems among the Baloch. One of the most significant and enduring Baloch totems is a type of cobra known as the "krait" (seyahmaar) in Baluchistan. This type of snake, whose scientific name is Bungarus, lives in most areas of Balochistan. Baluchistan black snake with the scientific name B. persicus is registered globally.
     The snake has been very important in the field of ancient Baluch civilizations, like in other regions of Iran. This importance can be seen in the ancient artifacts extracted from the living areas of the Baloch people. Bompur, Jiroft, Shahdad, Yahya, Mehregareh, and Shahresukhte are the most significant ancient sites where Baloch people live. Other material productions of the cultures such as Yahya, Shahdad, Jiroft, Bompur, and Shahresukhte are noticeable (Moradi, 2014, p. 132). According to the belief of the believers in this totem, finding killers of their kind and biting and killing them is one of the special abilities of this snake.
     The krait in Balochistan is more than any other symbol associated with the phallus. As in the popular culture and literature of most nations of the world, "snake has been considered as a symbol of annoyance, masculinity, depression, revenge, misogyny, messaging, sloth, cunning, intellect, power, death, generation, renewal, temptation, intelligence, etc." (Yahaghi, 2012, p. 737).
Conclusion
The krait is one of the most dangerous and deadly snakes in the Balochistan region. This snake has had a significant presence in Balochi popular culture and literature due to its connection with issues related to life and death, and the functions and symbols related to it. Due to its association with the phallus, reproduction, and gestation, the krait has become one of the most important Baloch totems in the field of symbolism. Based on the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Lacan, the krait totem is, above all, a symbol of the phallus and fertility and gestation, and it is an ancient sign of the problem of monogamy, reproduction, and the awareness of the father's role in it. This totem is the crystallization of fear and hope, desire and avoidance.
References
Moradi, H. (2014). The origin of the snake motif in the cultural materials of the third millennium BC in southeastern Iran; a sign of connection with Eilam and Mesopotamia. Archaeological Studies, 7(2), 131-148.
Yaahaghi, M. J. (2011). Culture of myths and stories in Persian literature. Contemporary Culture.
 

 

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In this paper, the natural convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid in a square enclosure exposed to a magnetic field is numerically investigated. The enclosure is bounded by two isothermal vertical walls at different temperaturesof Th and Tc.The two horizontals walls of the enclosure are thermally insulated. A vertical plate (membrane separator) with a negligible thickness and a variable height is located in the middle of the chamber. Discretization of the governing equations are achived through a finit method and are solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Based on the results of the numerical solution, the effects of the relevant parameters such as the dimensionless height of the membrane separator, Rayleigh number, the solid volume fraction and the Hartmann number on the flow field and the heat transfer rate are investigated. The results show that the heat transfer rate decreases with an increase of the dimensionless height of the membrane separator and an increase of the Hartmann number. The heat transfer rate, however, increases as the Rayleigh number increases. Depending on the Rayleigh number, the thermal performance of the enclosure is either improved or deteriorated as the solid volume fraction is increased.

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In this paper, the result of a numerical study on the natural convection in an inclined T shap cavity filled with Water-Cu nanofluid with the presence of a constant magnetic field was investigated. A heat source embedded on the bottom wall of enclosure, the upper wall is cold and the other walls are adiabatic. Discretization of the governing equations are achieved through a finite volume method and solved with SIMPLE algorithm. The Hartmann number has been varied from 0 to 80 and the cavity has been twisted under the angles between 0 to 90 degrees. The findings of study show that the effect magnetic field on the average Nusselt number is higher in high Reyleigh number. In Ra=105, the increase in nanofluid, to the Hartman number 20, contributes to decrease of the average number and in the Hartman number 40 and more, causes the average Nusselt number to increase. In Ra=106 , the increase in nanofluid, to the Hartman number 20, contributes to increase of the average number and in the Hartman number 40 and more, causes the average Nusselt number to decrease. The results also indicate that, the maximum heat transfer, in Ra=105 and Ra=106 accurse at 67.5° angle. the minimum heat transfer, in Ra=105 and Ra=106 accurse at 0° and 22.5° angle respectively.

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In this study, the natural convection heat transfer is numerically examined in a square enclosure filled with a non-Newtonia power-law fluid. Two fixed temperature baffles are mounted on the left wall of the enclosure. The left wall of the enclosure and the baffles installed on it, are at a constant temperature of T_h and the right wall of the enclosure is at a constant temperature of T_c, while its horizontal walls are thermally insulated. The governing equations for the power-law fluid flow are solved with the numerical finite difference method based on the control volume formulation and SIMPLE algorithm. The study investigates the effects of relevant parameters such as the Rayleigh number (〖10〗^3≤Ra≤〖10〗^6), the power-law index (0.8≤n≤1.4), the baffles length (0≤B≤0.5) and the baffles distance from each other (0.1≤D≤0.8) on flow and temperature fields and the rate of heat transfer. The results show that an increase in Rayleigh number, particularly when n

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Abstract melting of Cyclohexane-Cu nano-material in a porous square cavity is studied numerically in this paper. At first initial temperature of the cavity is Ti that is equal to melting temperature of nano-material,Tm ,. The horizontal walls are adiabatic. Suddenly the left wall's temperature has changed to Th>Tm . The effective parameters in this case are and which appear in the nondimensionalized equations. Nondimensionalized governing equations are obtained based on the Darcy model; a control volume approach is used for solving these equations. The effect of the variation of mentioned parameters are investigated on the heat transfer rate, fluid flow, isotherms and melting time of nano-PCM. The results show that changing of any parameters will be effective on increase or decrease of heat transfer rate and melting process time. For example variation of has high effect on melt fraction in cavity with time. The results show that melting of PCM is prolonged when nano-particles are added. the increases of the Ra increases the natural convection heat transfer and therefore increases the melting rate, and deforms the melting line.

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Hanna Mine's novel "Al-Shams phi Yaum Ghaem" depicts the real images of the author's society and expresses a kind of social critique such as the conflict between existing tradition and modernism.This is a stimulus for rebellion against the current state of the writer's society. The linguistic tools of the context create coherence between the context and the characters of the story on the one hand and the events and the two elements of time and emotion in this novel on the other. Through linguistic styles and rhetorical motives, these tools play an important role in expressing the narrator's wishes and desires, such as opposition to petrification, ignorance, and class differences. To this end, the present study, based on the descriptive-analytical method, explains the role of internal contextual tools in the novel. The results show that the authority of this linguistic method is persuasive, and the author uses them to critique the characters, events, and classes in the society. Its related meanings link the beginning of the story to its dark end and depict the sorrow and ignorance of society. The author uses contradiction, repetition, and inquiry in the form of reprimanding and condensing in order to force people to protest and to draw the dichotomies of their society; it is, as if the whole color of the story is dominated by the color gray, without the story achieving its desired result, which is reform and change.