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The region of North Africa and the Middle East is considered one of the important geopolitical regions, which has been the focus of regional and extra-regional powers for a long time. Meanwhile, in the last days of 2010, Tunisia witnessed massive protests due to the self-immolation of a young man named Mohamed Bouazizi, which entered a new phase on January 14, 2011, when Ben Ali fled. During Ben Ali's time, Tunisia had very close relations with the United States of America and France, but after the popular protests of these countries, they demanded to accept the structural changes in this country. In the meantime, the Islamic Republic of Iran also opened relations with Tunisia after the revolution in this country due to historical, religious and cultural affinities. Therefore, we can witness the expansion of relations between the two countries in the regional and international arena. This article seeks to answer this question, what factors are effective in the geopolitical relations between Iran and Tunisia in the era after the Arab Spring? In the current research, the descriptive-analytical method and Dimetal technique were used. The findings of the research showed that variables such as trade development, diplomatic relations, holding cultural events, increasing the sensitivity of Arab countries towards Iran, strategic economic dialogues and agreements, Shiite associations and alliances in Tunisia, Shiism in Tunisia, cultural diplomacy. And... in the region, it has shown a high importance in the relations between the two countries after the Arab Spring. Therefore, in order to succeed in its relations with Tunisia, the Islamic Republic of Iran should make the most of its economic and Shiite factors.

 

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The outbreak of coronavirus in late 2019 and early 2020 in Wuhan, China and its widespread spread around the world has had different consequences for different parts of the world. The recent epidemic has raised the issue of vulnerability of border cities to epidemics. Because border cities are among the most vulnerable and economically, socially ecologically and fragile areas that can be highly susceptible to coronavirus.
 The present study is theoretical-applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of study method. The required data and information were collected in two ways: library and survey. The statistical population of the study included 78 professors, doctoral and master students in the fields of political geography, urban geography and land management who had the necessary familiarity with the study area (Paveh city). SPSS (Friedman test) has been used to quantify qualitative information and obtain some data analysis.  The research findings show that in terms of economic security, the level of household savings has decreased by 17.49 points. In terms of political security, reducing the level of food security with a score of 7.22, in terms of social security, the variable of reducing social interactions with a score of 8.25 and in terms of environmental security, reducing the destruction of natural resources with a score of 3.55 had the greatest impact on the outbreak of coronavirus in Paveh. Coronavirus has had a significant impact on the security of border cities

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Revolutionary regimes have different nature and appear in various forms. In some circumstances, the revolutions make military, party and individual dictatorship. In some situations, they provide democratic regimes. Therefore, the revolutions, as an agent, do not make democratic or authoritarian régime. Social, economic and cultural conditions of the society (political ideology) and the type of toppled regime will determine the nature of the revolutionary regime. The Islamic Republic in Iran, as a revolutionary regime, cannot be explained by the theory of democratization and secularization. The formation of the Islamic Republic of Iran requires another explanation. In viwe of democratization and secularization process, the government of faghieh and, Islamic nature are problems. The nature of revolutionary regime is depended on various factors such as: international structure, the nature of the toppled regime, structure of power, civil society and political culture. According to this article, theory of political culture (the diminished political ideology) seeks to clarify this issue in the first decade of the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1978 - 1988). The Method used in this study is the strategies of case study. The results showed that, the type of political ideology of leaders and elites could partly explain the problem. The ideology of the political leaders and elites established Islamism system. Also the Islamic Republican ideology of Imam Khomein (Rah) and representatives of Assembly of Experts make Republicanism system.

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The boundaries are completely complex spatial-geographical phenomena that include several dimensions and parameters. This spatial-geographic phenomena has become the focus of governments due to their importance and position in order to establish order and security within the country and to protect national interests and different efforts are done to protect them. To achieve this, the first and basic step is to know the dimensions and parameters that form and affect the borders. This research tries to determine these dimensions and parameters and their impact on urban development of Javanrood city. Accordingly, a questionnaire consisting of parameters and components affecting the development of border areas based on nine dimensions (territorial, socio-cultural, economic, political-governance, geopolitical, defense-security, historical, legal-structural and technological) is projected. The present study is descriptive- analytic in terms of it's practical purpose and in terms of the method of data collection. Since the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of security parameters on the development of border cities, the research is a descriptive correlational study. The results showed that among the components of the territorial dimension, environmental resilience; among the components of the socio-cultural dimension, the existence or absence of social capital in the border city; among the components of the economic dimension, the dependence of border residents on economic interaction with border; among the components of political dimension, level of freedom of action of local governments on both sides of border; among geopolitical components, geoeconomic position of border; among the defense-security components, intervention of local players; among the historical components, human and physical commonality between the two sides of the border; among the components of the legal and structural dimension, the government's attitude towards the people and the border; and among the components of technology, border infrastructure and technologies are as the most important and influential factors influencing the border development of Javanrood city.

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The capital market is a bridge that transfers the savings of economic units with excess resources to investment units that need them. Using the capital market to finance the government expenses is among the most common form of financial transactions. Therefore the capital market is considered one of the major players of financing in the economy of any country. Iran’s capital market began its rapid development process in 2005 and within the past decade many financial institutes were formed by financing from the aforesaid market. Due to being new in Iran, the relation between the diverse and scattered components of the capital market has not been provided as a comprehensive model. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the structure and identify the aspects of financing services through Iran’s capital market that due to dynamic complexities of the issue (numerous players and interested parties, diverse and multiple aspects of services and conflict of interests between interested parties), soft systems methodology was used to study the current status. Therefore, in addition to performing triple analyses of cultural analysis and illustrating the rich picture of the current status, CATWOE analysis and root definition by holding numerous sessions with the interested parties were extracted that demonstrates how the financing process must be by including real world conditions. Results indicate that to improve the issue, changes in financing services processes must be implemented that emphasis on identifying and analyzing factors of market attraction, regulatory bodies and status of laws and regulations.

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The Islamic Revolution of Iran triumphed in 1978. Several groups were able to take the rule. The Imperial Army was one of the groups that dominated the tense situation at that time. But what happened, It declared its neutrality in the conflict of the revolution. Due  to inconsistency in the policy of repression and compromise the king's army was defeated. According to the author, the composition of policies dealing with the revolutionaries led to the collapse of the repressive apparatus. Inconsistency in repression and compromise strategy was an essential factor in the regime's repressive apparatus disability. On the one hand, This strategy led to the freedom of political prisoners. Then the regime could not arrest the opponents. On the other hand, the compromise of the regime led to the arrest of suppressive forces and dissolution of SAVAK. Finally, such policies led to the difference between military commanders to control and suppress the revolutionaries, and loss of balance of forces.  

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