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Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC₅₀ 96h) - Butyl phthalate and Calculate of Low Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) and Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) on rainbow trout fingerlings.
Materials and Method: Acute static toxicity test was performed based on the standard O.E.C.D. 7.3±1.25g) in 96 hours. Statistical calculation was done with SPSS 21 and probit regression and ANOVA method.
Findings: Mortality was increased with increasing concentrations of - Butyl phthalate Within 24 to 96 hours. Lethal concentrations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 15.46, 12.96, 11.21 and 9.93mg.L-1, respectively. Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 3.4, 3.8, 7.2 and 9.95mg.L-1, too. Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 0.78, 0.95, 1.45 and 1.68mg.L-1, respectively.
Conclusion: Toxicological studies are necessary for rainbow trout because of their importance and sensitivity of this species to pollutants). The results of this research can be applied to assess the ecological risks and nutritional risks of this group of pollutants. So, an effective management and control strategy must be executed in order to reduce the problems caused by DnBP in the environment.

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Aims: Assessing tree crown traits are the important character in forest which can be considered for the management of silvicultural practices. The main purpose of this study was to investigate tree crown traits and carbon storage as well as to determine the interactions among them for Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) in an unmanaged and temperate forest in Hyrcanain region, northern Iran.
Materials & methods: Data were collected from 90 one-stemmed and healthy beech trees in unlogged forest in Hyrcanian forest and crown dimensions were measured.
Findings:The study revealed significant difference between crown tree traits as well as carbon storage in terms of height and DBH classes. Correlation analysis indicated that some tree traits correlated significantly with the crown productivity, crown length, crown width and crown ratio for beech trees (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). There was a strong positive correlation between the carbon storage and most beech tree traits in research site (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: In general, the main tree crown size disparities and significant interactions among features of beech trees in unlogged forest suggest the ability of these trees to modify the morphological traits within stand. It is essential to consider these variables of beech trees in the future forest management in Hyrcanian temperate region.
 

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Grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.) is a crop used for both animal and human consumption. Recently, ICARDA has developed new grass pea lines with the objectives of improving its yield potential and adaptability. The objective of this study was to investigate grain and forage yields stability of several ICARDA released grass pea lines by using additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) and site regression genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (SREG GGE) model. Fourteen grass pea advanced lines were evaluated at three research stations located in semi-warm regions in Iran, during 2005-08 crop seasons. The combined ANOVA showed that forage and grain yields were significantly affected by environment (E), genotype (G) and interactions of G×E. The partitioning of the sum of squares indicated that E accounted for 85% and 91% of the total (G+E+GEI) variation for forage and grain yields, respectively; whereas, G and GEI accounted for 4 and 11% for forage yield and 2 and 7% for grain yields, respectively. Using AMMI and GGE biplots, the lines identified as stable and high grain yielding were Sel.474, Sel.669, and Sel.686, while for forage yield the lines were Sel.474, Sel.678 and Sel.669. Kermanshah and Gachsaran were selected as favorable test environments for grass pea grain and forage yield ME trials, respectively.

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Multi-environment trials play a significant role in selecting the best cultivars to be used at different locations. The objective of this study was to identify grain and forage yields stability of grass pea advanced lines across different locations. The 14 advanced lines of grass pea, developed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), were tested at three different research stations in semi-warm regions of Iran for three consecutive years. Ten non-parametric measures of stability were used to identify stable lines across nine environments. Three non-parametric tests (Bredenkamp, Hildebrand and De Kroon and Van der Laan) for Genotype-Environment (GE) interaction were highly significant, recommending differential responses of the lines to the test environments. Mean yields had a significant positive correlation with S_i⁽⁶⁾, NP2, NP3, NP4, Fox-rank and Kang’s rank-sum statistics. The results of correlation analysis and principal components analysis indicated that only non-parametric superiority measure could be useful for simultaneous selection of high yielding and stable lines. According to cluster analysis by forage and grain mean yields and non-parametric statistics, the line L3 with the highest forage and grain yields and Fox-rank as well as the lowest values of other non-parametric statistics could be introduced as high yielding stable cultivar for rain-fed conditions of semi-warm areas.