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Background: Today, chronic low back pain is one of the growing worldwide problems, which caused in the reduction of individuals’ physical, mental, and social functions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of training programs on functional disability in female patients with low back pain after 6month follow-up of the training intervention strategies.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in rheumatology research center of Tehran University of Medical Science. A total of 27 female patients suffering from low back pain participated in this study. All the participants were divided into groups of 6 to 8 members and provided with a 4-hour training session of physiotherapy and psychology, followed by telephone counseling after one and two months. In order to collect required data and evaluate females’ functional disability, two questionnaires were employed: Roland-Morris Disability Assessment Questionnaire (RDQ) and Quebec Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (QDS). The questionnaires were completed at the beginning of the study-as the pretest, and 6-month follow up as the posttest. Data were analyzed through paired samples t-test using SPSS software version 16. A significant level of P< .05 was considered to compare the information.
Results: The results of the current study show that during the 6 months intervention program, the physical disability was significantly improved in terms of two aforementioned scales.
Conclusion: It seems that training intervention program along with the follow-up and phone counseling have significant effects on improving physical function of patients with chronic low back pain.

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The digger wasps fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Fars province in southern Iran was partly investigated. Members of three families: Pemphredonidae (5 species of 3 genera), Psenidae (3 species of 2 genera) and Philanthidae (2 species of 2 genera) were collected and documented. The following eight species: Diodontus brevilabris de Beaumont, 1967, D. crassicornis Gribodo, 1894, D. insidiosus Spooner, 1938, Passaloecus corniger Shuckard, 1837, Pemphredon inornata Say, 1824, Mimesa punctipleuris (Gussakovskij, 1937), Psenulus laevigatus (Schenck, 1857) and Cerceris spinifera haladai K. Schmidt, 2000, are new to the Iranian wasp fauna. In addition, two species: Psenulus schencki (Tournier, 1889) and Philanthus variegatus Spinola, 1839, are new records for Fars province. For each species, we include available distributional data as well as comments on its taxonomy and geographical distribution.

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Aim: Abnormal joint mobility is an important factor in movement dysfunction and physical disability. A general lack of descriptive details exists for measurements of hip rotation range of motion (ROM). This study was designed to establish the influence of hip position on active and passive range of motion of the hip in external and internal rotation(Ext & Int Rot). Material & Methods: Sixty healthy female college-age (22.17 +/- 1. 8 years) subjects were studied. Hip rotation of the legs of each subject was measured in the prone (hip near 0 degree of extension) and seated (hip near 90 degrees of flexion) positions using a standard goniometer. Results: Data were analyzed using an analysis of paired-t-test and Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney model. Pearson's r statistics were used to determine the reliability of measurements of hip rotation made in ext vs. flex (P<0.05, r>0.90). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between mean hip Ext & Int Rot ,active range of motion measured in ext vs. flx. Conversely, mean hip Ext & Int Rot, passive range of motion measured in ext or flx was not statistically different. Our data indicate that measurement position had a significant effect on the amount of active range of motion of the hip in Ext & Int Rot. Discussion & Conclusion: These findings are clinically significant for they stress the importance of documenting measurement position. They also stress the need for representative normal valves to be established for each hip position and gender. Our normal valves ROM values for the Int & Ext Rot of the hip calculated from this population based sample were found to differ from estimate found in textbooks. This may be due to young age and female groups and lifestyle of Iranian population , too.

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Enzymes play an essential role in catalyzing the reactions for multiple industrial applications. One of these critical industries with a worldwide application is paper and pulp, which is cost-effective in increasing attention. Xylanases are potential enzymes that proved their abilities in a broad range of applications, specifically in the paper and pulp industry as a biobleaching agent and dye removal biocatalyst. In these decades, the production of novel enzymes from natural sources is conceivable, especially with applying the culture-independent method of metagenome. This practical approach provides the opportunity to identify the novel enzymes from uncultivable microbial diversities. Concerning the importance of the thermostable enzymes for industrial applications and their better action in harsh conditions, this study aimed to identify novel thermostable xylanase from metagenomic data of sheep rumen by applying the in-silico screening. The thermostable xylanase was extracted from the ruminal DNA and after cloning and expression named PersiXyn5. The enzymeschr('39') kinetic parameters, including Km, Vmax, and its specific activity, were examined. The enzyme was optimally active at 80  and pH 8 and could retain 58% of its maximum activity after 2h of incubation at 90 . The thermostable, alkali PersiXyn5 was an efficient enzyme in the paper industry and poultry feed and fuel applications.

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One of the stages of recognizing the intellectual, cultural and emotional characteristics of nations possessing culture and literature is the adjustment of their literary works. Semiotics approach reaches meaning through the literary text, and in this process, regimes of discourse as the main elements of discourse shape the narrative and change from one status to another. This study analyzes of Savab ya Gonah by Jamalzadeh and The Corn Planting by Anderson of two Iranian and American writers by the use of Greimas’s semiotics model, also explicate types of regimes of Discourse.The main question of this research is how the narrative process of signification is formed and what are the most important discourse systems involved in meaning production? The results showed that both authors have used a variety of narrative discourse systems in their story, but the discourse systems of action and Stative have been the dominant discourses in the narrative formation so that the narrative with Stative has turned to action and again to the Stative with aesthetic and mythical type. and we are confronted with the process of forming high spiritual values, and the characters in the story make their mythical presence visible to the audience. But what leads to the difference between the themes of the two stories is the attitude of the actors and the value worldview in these two cultures, such as in the story of Savab ya Gonah, the main actor in the form of religious codes of retribution and reconciliation with death is elevated to the status of myths. However, in The Corn Planting story, the main actors, in the form of Eco-Semiotics codes, linked the death of the child at the end of the narrative by turning to nature and attaining mythical status.

1. Introduction
 Developments in the study of the field of sign provided the basis for the transition from structural semiotics to discourse semiotics. Greimas, with his extensive research and new findings, made profound changes in the semiotics of the Paris School, so that the three levels of change created by his studies under the headings: 1) structural semantics; 2) narrative semiotics; 3) discursive semiotics. Accordingly signs in the field of semiotics are manifested beyond the signs in the structural approach, as they are a dynamic and interacting entity, forming meanings and emerging within Regimes of  Discourse.The present study intends to study the regime of discourse in two stories by two authors of East and West, based on the discourse semiotics approach, and shows that the types of semantic processes in both stories cause the formation of discourses and the creation of intelligent, emotional and events to show how much the moral, cultural messages and myths hidden in the underlying layers of these narratives can affect the life, thinking and lifestyle of their audiences.
 
 
2. Research questions
 This study tries to find out what are the types of regimes of discourse used in the story of the authors and how these regimes are formed and from their interaction, the meanings are formed and the narrative is developed. Also, what are the main similarities and differences in the process of producing meaning in the stories in question? The next question is what moral themes, characterization, and mythology are used in the underlying layers of these two stories? The main hypothesis of the article is that a set of action and stative discourses and unexpected events play a role in shaping the narrative process and creating meaning, which change its nature by transforming from stative to action and vice versa. The secondary hypothesis is that there is a difference in the occurrence of human actions in both cultures, and this difference in the lifestyle of the actors makes the cultural function different in both discourses.
 
3. Methodology
 The method of this research is descriptive-analytical method and the purpose is to analyze the regime of discourse from the perspective of discourse semiotics and enlighten the action and stative regimes of discourse so that a clearer reading can be done for the reader. In the research model, first, the text of the story is decomposed into its components and parts and then it is analyzed meaningfully by inductive method from the components to the whole text. In this approach, the elements and underlying layers of the text are considered in interaction with each other and processes and regime of discourse are examined and analyzed.
 
 
4. Innovation
 The present study aims to study and analyze the processes of meaning production and regime of discourse from Savab ya Gonah and The Corn planting short stories according to  semiotics approach and comparatively, to analyze and discover the mechanisms of meaning production in two short stories by two Eastern and Western writers so that we reveal the similarities and differences in the cultural and social themes underlying the story.
 
5. Discussion
In this study, the regime of discourse in two stories by the authors of Eastern and Western and their semiotics relations was examined and depicted by descriptive-analytical method and comparative type. One of the moral points raised in the story of Savab ya Gonah written by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh were the issue of poverty and misery, which are the main cause of crime. They forces Sohrab, who could not afford for  himself and his mother’s daily life, to take risks in order to reach the wealth by seizing a part of the wealth of his wealthy neighbor, Haj Fathulla. He enters to tensive regime of discourse and commits the murder of Haj Fathulla and is imprisoned. In this part of the narrative, we enter the stative regime of discourse. Sohrab, who has accepted the act of murder by entering the cognitive system,  and considers death  as liberation from calamities. The semantic processes in this story from the point of view of semiotics show that actions are subject to special conditions and proceed based on cognition and experience and are not based solely on physical strength. Sometimes, actions are a function of emotions and statives and lead to action. In some cases, statives lead to cognition and attainment of the aesthetic. Eventually, by entering to the aesthetics of nothingness and absence  atmosphere,  death becomes a stage for revival and spiritual life. The main actor of the narrative, with the retribution of his death, is linked to a myth in an aesthetic process such as light-winged birds, and at the end of the tensive process, he clearly explains the fluidity of meaning and its non-confinement in stereotyped forms. That is, the narrative changes from stative to the action regime of discourse and finds its way back to the stative which is of aesthetic and mythical nature.
 
Table 1
 The story processes of Savab ya Gonah at a glance
 

stative regime of discourse	actional regime of discourse	event	Cognitive space	tensive space	transformation of the actional regime of discourse into the stative regime of discourse of aesthetic (transcendental) kind
Poverty and misery of Sohrab family	Sohrab and his mother's efforts for livelihood and the narrator's support of them	Sohrab committed murde	confession of murder committed by Sohrab and blaming himself	The torment of the victim's conscience in Sohrab's dream and the death of Sohrab's mother	Acceptance of retribution by Sohrab and death is a stage of his spiritual life

 
The main theme of The Corn Planting is the pride and being happy for what we have, sacrifice in maintaining it and accepting the situation of life, patience and endurance in the face of adversity. The main semantic processes in this story have advanced the narrative, using the intelligent regime of discourse means actional discourse as well as the emotional regime of discourse, stative discourse. In this story, actions are linked to cognition, and sometimes they are subject to the morality of ethics and create love, sometimes they are the generators of love and affection, and they figure out some cases of dependency. Even the occurrence of an unexpected event, in addition to the action, leads to the transcendence of the concept of death, patience and perseverance. In other words, Hatch and his wife's dependency on their only child, leads to uninterrupted work on the farm. With the event of Will's death, we enter a tensive space, but the occurrence of a tensive atmosphere instead of disturbing the mental balance of the main characters of the narrative, by working non-stop on the farm, is an attempt to nostalgia which is aesthetic and mythical. In other words, he makes them a myth who like a saint worshiping and praying in the sanctuary of worship, has surrendered. The aesthetic atmosphere of the corn planting has also gone beyond myth, and every moment, by planting death in the heart of darkness, waiting for sprouting hope and lif  in the bed of existence.
 
Table 2
 The story processes of The Corn Planting at a glance
 

stative regime of discourse	ethic	actional regime of discourse	event	tensive space	transformation of the actional regime of discourse into the stative regime of discourse of aesthetic (transcendental) kind
Parent solitudes for their only child	Will financial support for his parents	the relentless effort of Hatch and his wife	Will 's death in a car accident	Getting the news of the child's death	transcendence of the position of the subjects in time of corn planting to worshiping saints

6. Conclusion
 The findings indicated that in the comparison of these two narratives, the most important regime of discourse are stative, action and the occurrence of an unexpected event cause a transformation in the stative regime of discourse and mythical. Ultimately distinguishes the two narratives is the lifestyle and performance of the actors and their cultural differences. Because in the story of Savab ya Gonah, the main actor achieves the status of a myth by choosing death and retribution, and in the story of The Corn planting the main actors in the form of Eco-Semiotics codes, by turning to nature and accepting the loss of a child, transcend his death to the status of a myth.

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Objective: As we are approaching the global eradication of wild poliovirus, laboratory surveillance of poliovirus by the gold standard cell culture method becomes increasingly important. As there is a lot of concern about accurate and sensitive detection of imported wild and Vaccine Derived Polioviruses (VDPVs) in Polio-Free countries, in this study we assessed and compared the sensitivity of the cell lines used in polio laboratory simultaneously to standard poliovirus and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) polioviruses, to ensure the accurate detection of circulating and imported polioviruses in the society. Materials and Methods: Cell sensitivity test was performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO), Polio Laboratory Manual for RD, L20B and Hep2 cell lines using 3 serotypes of standard monovalent and OPV polioviruses. The test was repeated every four passages for all cell lines. Results: The sensitivity of L20B and Hep2 cell lines for standard poliovirus type 1 and 2 is more than sensitivity for the same types of OPV virus but for poliovirus type 3 it is vice versa. Also RD cell line is more sensitive to all 3 types of OPV virus. In addition, the test showed that increasing the passage number will decrease the sensitivity of all cell lines. Conclusion: Using RD & L20B cell lines simultaneously (with low passage number) will assure us of sensitivity and accuracy of the cell lines for detection of circulating and imported polioviruses.

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Background: Shigella and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli are among the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea, and no effective vaccine candidate for these bacteria have approved yet. Due to the role of IpaD protein and Shigella enterotoxin B subunit (StxB) in Shigella and E. coli O157: H7 pathogenicity, STX1B-IpaD chimeric protein can be used as a suitable molecule to produce a recombinant vaccine candidate. This study aimed to clone, express, and purify STX1B-IpaD chimeric protein to develop an effective vaccine candidate against Shigella and E. coli O157: H7 species. Materials and Methods: IpaD gene with NdeI and BamHI restriction enzyme sites was isolated from a recombinant vector and subcloned into the pET28a -STX1B expression vector. Vector was transferred to E.coli strain Rosetta (DE3) and confirmed by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. SDS-PAGE and western blotting were used to confirm the recombinant protein. The recombinant STX1B-IpaD protein was purified by affinity chromatography, and its concentration was measured by the Bradford method. Results: The PCR and restriction enzyme digestion showed the accuracy of the gene cloning. The protein electrophoresis showed the proper expression and correct molecular weight (27 kDa) of STX1B-IpaD. The western blot analysis confirmed the recombinant protein. The recombinant protein concentration was estimated at more than 0.3 gr/L. Conclusion: An effective method for the production of recombinant proteins is codon optimization and effective expression in heterologous hosts. After the immunogenicity in the animal model, this recombinant protein can be used as a chimeric vaccine candidate against EHEC and Shigella bacteria.

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In the recent years, attempts have been made to prove effectiveness of FRPs in retrofitting/repairing of the reinforced concrete (RC) components. The use of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) to create composite concrete structures has increased in recent years. However, the seismic performance of RC structures retrofitted using FRP composites is yet to be scrutinized in terms of improving strength, ductility. This is of high importance if the retrofitted structures are to withstand higher seismic ground motions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seismic performance of RC joint in frame structures under cyclic lateral loading. Analytical calculations using a finite element method (FEM) are presented for the strength, crack pattern; behavior of frames strengthened with layers of FRP and an experimental study of firth and third author of this paper is carried out to verify the mechanical properties of the proposed. The specimens were tested in a 3D test frame in structure laboratory of civil and environmental engineering department in AmirKabir University of Technology. Analytical models were investigated in LS-DYNA environment. Three test specimens were constructed and tested under cyclic lateral loading. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models for the RC frames were developed and simulated with the LS-DYNA finite element analysis (FEA) software. Three 1/3 scaled one-bay and one-storey. Frame designed was carried out based on ACI318 code. These specimens were typical as-built frames abstracted from the existing middle-rise residential buildings in Iran. Two specimens were reinforced by CFRP at the ends of beams, columns and at the joints; one specimen the other specimen was not reinforced and was used for comparison. The retrofitted specimens were built with different ways of wrapping FRP sheets at the frame’s joints and both ends of beams and columns. The wraps were provided to prevent the peeling of the laminates this was aimed to investigate the effective ways of strengthening and repairing of the frame by applying different directions of CFRP and GFRP fibers. The analytical models are used to assess the efficiency of the FRP composites rehabilitation by comparison between intact and retrofitted specimens. Specimens were reinforced by FRP at the ends of beams, columns and at the joints; one specimen was not reinforced and was used for comparison. Also, the effect of laminate architecture, arrangement and type of material was considered. For achieving this purpose eleven models were analyzed in finite element model. The Finite element analysis results indicated that the choice of the Fiber composite materials, the laminate and wraps arrangement and thickness affected the enhancement of the structural joint performance significantly. The results provide an important insight of the role of FRP sheets in improving the earthquake resistance of frame buildings. . Keywords: reinforced concrete; frame; FRP retrofit; Analytical; cyclic loading.

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A total of 58 bacteria from three fermented vegetables samples were isolated. These isolates were identified as 64% Lactobacillus, 5% Pediococcus, 4.5% Leuconostoc and 26.5% unclassified bacteria based on phenotypic characterizations using morphological and biochemical tests. This identification was completed by culture-independent molecular method based on next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. The V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq platform. These data were analyzed with BaseSpace software and Greengenes database. The analysis revealed 77.12% Lactobacillus, 7.51% Pediococcus, 5.61% Leuconostoc, 1.20% Acinetobacter, 1.00% Enterobacter, 0.35% Erwinia, 0.35% Dickeya as the predominant genera and 2.79% unclassified bacteria. At species level, 19.32% Lactobacillus brevis, 15.71% Lactobacillus japonicus, 13.25% Lactobacillus pentosus, 10.26% Lactobacillus senmaizukei, 4.6% Lactobacillus plantarum, 2.65% Leuconostoc mesenteroides and 2.32% Lactobacillus acidifarinae and 17.26% unclassified bacteria were identified. The same identification results were obtained by both phenotypic and Next- generation sequencing assays at genus level. In this study, application of next generation sequencing in identification of whole microbial community of this fermented product revealed that lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc as dominant flora, were involved in fermentation process. Non-lactic acid bacteria such as Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Erwinia and Dickeya genera also play important role in fermented pickled vegetable with tomato juice ripening. Moreover, probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus brevis were identified in this fermented product.

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Malachite Green is extensively used as an antiparasite and antifungal agent in aquaculture. Treatment with malachite green leads to the remaining of the metabolite of this compound (luecomalachite green) in aquatic animal tissues and the production of carcinogenic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of luecomalachite green in the flesh of Rainbow trout in Mazandaran province. Fish specimens with approximate weight of 0.5 and 1 kg were collected from 20 farms in Mazandaran province (Haraz and Tonekabon) during 2018. Luecomalachite green was measured in samples using ELISA 96-well kit produced by Europroxima Co. (Netherlands). The highest and lowest levels of luecomalachite green (0.0001 mg/kg) were obtained from samples of 0.5 kg and 0.22 mg/kg in 1 kg samlpes, respectively. In some samples of 0.5 and 1 kg collected from Tonekabon, luecomalachite green content was less than the detection limit of the kit, and the highest amount of luecomalachite green was equal to 0.0047 mg/kg in 1 kg samples. Comparison of the results of all samples showed that the lowest contamination of luecomalachite green was observed in samples of 0.5 and 1 kg of Tonekabon region and the highest level of luecomalachite green were observed in samples of 1kg of Haraz area. The results of luecomalachite green contamination in this study were lower and also in the allowed standard range compared to previous studies, this indicates the improvement of sanitary condition of aquaculture stations, effective monitoring and control strategies, use of substitutes and safe alternatives to reduce fungal contamination and hence less malachite green consumption.

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​Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important and common foodborne pathogens in the world which is being resistant against some current synthetic antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) essential oil and its nanoemulsion for enterohemorrhagic strain of Escherichia coli and then the effect of sub-MIC concentrations on growth rate and gene expression of virulence genes (stx1A and stx2A). Nanoemulsion of tarragon essential oil was prepared by the ultrasound method and the droplet size and zeta potential were determined. MIC and MBC of essential oil and nanoemulsion were determined using the broth microdilution method. The growth rate and expression of stx1A and stx2A genes in Escherichia coli were assessed after treatment with different concentrations of sub-MICs of essential oil and nanoemulsion. Estragol was identified as the main component in the essential oil. The average diameter of nanoemulsion particle was 50 nm and the zeta potential was -30mV. The MIC values ​​ of essential oil and nanoemulsion were 0.58±0.11 and 0.33±0.07mg/ml, respectively, and their MBC were 0.65 ± 0.20 and 0.38 ± 0.15 mg/ml, respectively. Nanoamulsion had a greater inhibitory effect against bacterial growth than free essential oil. At the end of the 72-hour period, nanoemulsion treatment at 75% MIC resulted in a reduction in stx1A and stx2A transcription of 3.75 and 4.10 folds, while at 75% MIC of essential oil stx1A and stx2A transcripts were reduced 1.91 and 2.02 folds compared with control, respectively. Higher activity of nanoemulsion of tarragon essential oil to reduce the growth and shigatoxin production of E. coli compared to pure EO, reveals its potential to be used as a natural food preservative and a solution to the global problem of emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes.

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Objective: Eukaryotic proteins generally have signal peptides which are not only crucial for their secretion efficiencies but are important for their expression levels. Coagulation factor IX (FIX) is a glycoprotein that plays a fundamental role in the blood coagulation pathway. Reduced levels or dysfunctional FIX are associated with hemophilia B. This study investigates the function of the human prothrombin signal peptide in an attempt to improve the human FIX (hFIX) secretion efficiency in a heterologous expression system. With this aim, we have used the SignalP and PrediSi programs for in silico evaluation of the signal peptide efficiency prior to conducting this experiment. Methods: We used molecular techniques to amplify and join the coding region of the human prothrombin signal peptide to the cDNA of mature hFIX. The chimeric fragment was examined for transient expression in a mammalian cell line (HEK293T) in comparison with the native hFIX, under a CMVp regulation. Using the neural network-based prediction programs, we evaluated the scores for cleavage position and secretion efficiency of the human prothrombin and hFIX signal peptides. The expression efficiencies of hFIX expressed by the recombinant cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: In silico analysis more efficiently predicted the human prothrombin signal peptide with a high score compared to the native hFIX signal peptide. This data was confirmed by the RT-PCR and ELISA results obtained from expression analyses at the RNA and protein levels, respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that the signal peptide derived from the human prothrombin has the potential for efficient secretion of hFIX as evidenced by the results taken from a transient expression system. The results were consistent with in silico analysis. This replacement could be evaluated in a stable state condition.

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Now a day antioxidants are widely used in foods to reduce the rate of oil oxidation reaction and researchers looking for potent antioxidants by less toxicity and greater efficacy. Plants are one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigated the effect of adding different levels of alcoholic extract of Salvia leriifolia (0, 1, 2 and 3%) as a natural preservative to improvement storage time of fermented doughnut compared to TBHQ as commercial antioxidant on the physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of the final product in a completely randomized design (P˂0.05). The results showed that increasing the level of Salvia leriifolia extract from 0 to 3% had no effect on moisture content, specific volume, porosity and firmness of the final product (evaluated in three times of 2 h, 4 and 7 days after baking). However, by increasing the amount of this extract in fermented doughnut formulation, the peroxide index compared to other sample and the amount of total phenolic content, the antioxidant activity by DPPH method and the oxidative stability index at 2h, 4 and 7 days after baking were decreased and increased, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that addition of Salvia leriifolia extract at different levels had no effect on the sensory properties of the final product. The results also indicated that the antioxidant activity of the sample containing 3% of Salvia leriifolia extract had the ability to compete with fried doughnut in oil containing synthetic antioxidant TBHQ. Therefore, the sample containing 3% of Salvia leriifolia extract was selected as the best sample because it had high antioxidant resistance, secondly, the addition of this extract had no adverse effect on physicochemical and sensory properties of the final product.
 

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Abstract
In recent years, the individuals' demand for consumption of healthy and useful products has increased. With regard to the specific role of breakfast cereal in today's dietary habit, the incorporation of nutrients into their formulation is considered as a way to produce functional food products. So in this research, the effect of extrusion variables containing feed formulation (whole oleaster flour to whole oat flour (10 to 90, 25 to 75 and 40 to 60%), feed moisture (14, 18 and 22%) and screw speed (120, 150 and 180 rpm) on some properties of snack was investigated. Thus, the central composite design was used to assess the water absorption index (WAI), water activity (a_w), expansion ratio. Based on the obtained results, in a constant condition of other variables (feed moisture; 18% and screw speed; 150 rpm), an increase of the whole oleaster flour ratio from 10 to 40% decreased the WAI (from 5.64 to 5.16) and expansion ratio (from 1.72 to 1.48). While, an increase of the feed moisture from 14 to 18% led to an increase in the WAI (from 5.01 to 5.16) and water activity (from 0.33 to 0.63), when replacement level and screw speed were 25% and 150 rpm, respectively. The evaluation results of the screw speed in the moisture of 14 and 22% indicated that increasing the speed resulted in a decrease and increase in WAI, respectively. In addition, the relationship between the expansion ratio and microstructure was proved by scanning electron microscopy method. The optimum condition was found to the blends of whole oleaster flour/whole oat flour (10:90), screw rate of 180 rpm, and feed moisture content of 22% with desirable properties including (0.64%), expansion ratio(1.85), water absorption index(6.26).

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Abstract
With regard to the importance of breakfast cereal in today's eating habit, these products can serve as vehicles for the main nutrients. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of extrusion variables containing replacement level of whole oat flour with whole oleaster flour (10, 25 and 40%), feed moisture (14, 18 and 22%) and screw speed (120, 150 and 180 rpm) on some physical and functional properties of breakfast cereal. These properties included moisture content, bulk density (BD), hardness (HD), water solubility index (WSI) and color parameters assessed by central composite rotatable design. Based on the obtained results, an increase of the whole oleaster flour and feed moisture increased the moisture content and hardness and decreased the yellowness of the samples. While the water solubility index was increased by increasing the whole oleaster flour and was decreased by increasing the feed moisture. The evaluation results of the screw speed indicated that increasing the speed resulted in less bulk density, hardness and water solubility index. Additionally, the lightness of samples decreased due to a higher amount of all the variables studied. On the one hand, the difference between ingredients content and structure of the whole oleaster flour and the whole oat flour was one of the most effective factors on the obtained results. On the other hand, the influence of the feed moisture and screw speed, as very important factors of the extrusion process, on the physical and functional properties of the product was completely recognized. Optimum condition was found to the blends of whole oleaster flour/whole oat flour (10:90), screw rate of 180 rpm, and feed moisture content of 22% with desirable properties including humidity(10.26%), bulk density (0.11 g/cm3), hardness (11.01 N), water solubility index (12.66 %), lightness (56.09).
 

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In this research, the extraction of protein from sprouted mung bean was conducted by the combination of ultrasound pretreatment, alkaline extraction and acid precipitation processes and the effects of sonication power (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 W) and sonication time (10, 20, 30 and 40 min) on the structural and functional properties of the sprouted mung bean protein isolate (SMPI) were investigated. The results showed that the maximum extraction yield, protein solubility, water holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC) and foaming capacity (FC) were reached in sonication power and the extraction time of 300 W and 30 min, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the extracted proteins showed no destruction of the functional groups of the extracts during the sonication process. In addition, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed that longer sonication time and higher power of sonication led to more denaturation of proteins. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated considerable inter space and pores in the remaining sprouted mung bean cake at longer time and higher power of sonication. Based on the results, the functional properties of SMPI for use as a food ingredient could be enhanced by sonication, which is a green extraction process.

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Today, the use of active packaging containing natural antimicrobial compounds such as essential oils and plant extracts has increased to increase the shelf-life of food  products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of gelatin coating containing Citrus sinensis peel extract on increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout meat. Gelatin (4%) coating was prepared with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract (2% and 4%). After preparing the pieces of rainbow trout meat, all the pieces were coated and examined for chemical properties (pH, TVB-N, TBARS), microbial (TVCs and TPCs) and sensory properties (odor, color, texture and overall acceptance) were evaluated for 16 days at 4°C with a 4-day interval (0, 4, 8, 12, 16). The results of the investigation of the antimicrobial effect showed that in the samples coated with 2% and 4% levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract, the average count of mentioned bacteria was significantly lower than the control and gelatin alone (p < 0.05). The results of examining the chemical properties of the samples showed that pH, TVB-N and TBARS increased during the period, but this increase occurred at a slower rate in the samples coated with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract. In the evaluation of sensory characteristics, at the beginning of the study, all the samples had the highest acceptance limit, and with the passage of time and the appearance of signs of spoil, the scores decreased, especially in the control. Generally, the results showed that gelatin coating along with different levels of Citrus sinensis peel extract has a positive effect on increasing the shelf life of fish meat and these compounds can be used together to increase the shelf life of protein foods.
 

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After parturition, inflammation of the reproductive tract in cows is common because of bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen. To investigate the beneficial effects of dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) supplementation on health status mediated by change in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes expression, endometrial samples were collected from Holstein cows with similar parturition date and reproductive records. From day 21 before calving to day 42 after calving, cows were fed isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and isolipidic diets that differed only in the source of fats. Cows were fed diets supplemented with palm oil as control group (saturated FA; n= 8), and CLA for the treatments, and the rate of each fat in any diet was 75 g d^-1. CLA-supplemented diet was provided with a mixture of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer. Rumen protected CLA provided 10 g d^-1 each of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomers. Uterine endometrial biopsies were collected at days 21 and 42 after calving and were prepared to determine pro-inflammatory [including Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα), InterLeukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and InterFeron-gamma (IFN-γ)] and anti-inflammatory [interleukin 10 (IL-10)] cytokine genes expression. Results showed that dietary CLA supplementation decreased the expression of IL-1 and IL-8 at days 21 (respectively, 1.8 and 3.9 fold) and 42 (respectively, 4 and 104 fold) postpartum and increased expression of IL-10 at days 21 and 42 (respectively, 9.7 and 2.5 fold). The TNFα expression significantly decreased in day 21 in CLA groups compared with palm (2.5 fold). There was no difference between groups for IL-6 expression. IFN-γ expression decreased in day 21 (3.0 fold) and, conversely, increased in day 42 (2.5 fold) in CLA group compared to palm. Our results showed that, during transition period, dietary supplementation with CLA reduced inflammatory processes via inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulating anti-inflammatory cytokines.
 

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Deforestation has been one of the most detrimental consequences of the prevalence of European anthropocentrism in North America. European settlers who immigrated to North America found themselves in a bountiful paradise with infinite untrammeled natural resources that could be utilized to make a fortune. Likewise, they inflicted irremediable damages on nature upon the onset of their settlement in this continent. Investigating Louis Owens’ Wolfsong from an ecocritical standpoint, this article seeks to highlight the massive deforestation conducted by the white Americans in the Northwest of the United States of America. As a qualitative, research-based study, this article commences with the theoretical framework and subsequently focuses on the representations of the critical concepts in Wolfsong. It shall be indicated that the perspective held by the White Americans towards nature drastically collides with that of the indigenes. More exactly, the argument of this research follows the distinction between the treatment of nature by the Euro-Americans and Native Americans in Wolfsong.