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The effect of different levels of betaine and tryptophan on growth and resistance to salinities in the Caspian roach was investigated. Fish (1.90 ± 0.04 g body weight) were divided into 9 groups (4 treatments groups containing betaine (0.5 and 1), tryptophan (0.25 and 0.5), betaine and tryptophan mixtures (0.25- 0.5, 0.25, -1, 0.5-0.5 and 0.5- 1), and control group). After recording the growth factors, the fish were exposed to salinities (12, 16 and 20 ppt) and clinical symptoms and mortality rate were recorded. No mortality occurred in 12 ppt salinity. At 16 ppt, the lowest mortality (16.66%) was recorded in the treatment containing 1% betaine and 0.5% tryptophan, while the highest mortalty (59.98%) occurred in the control group. At 20 ppt salinity, 100% mortality occurred within 6 hours in the control, while in the other treatments 100%-mortality occurred after 24 hours. Behavioral symptoms, such as jerky movements, ataxia, increased respiratory rate, were more prominent in higher salinities. Tryptophan did not reduce food consumption meaningfully. Increaesd food consumption as the result of betaine did not show significant  effect on the fish growth rate.

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This study analyzed the theoretical innovation strategies and their impact on success of knowledge-based entrepreneurial businesses intermediator's absorption capacity. In fact, this paper explores how knowledge-based firms use their innovation strategies, which have the greatest impact on their entrepreneurial success,based on their absorption capacity. The study population was companies based in Isfahan research centersandby simple random sampling of 196 companies were selected as research sample fordistribution of questionnaire. For data analysis and hypothesis of structural equation modeling,Smart PLS 2 partial least squares software was used. The results of this study shows that the impact of innovation strategy on absorption capacity is7.51%, and the impact on the absorption capacity of entrepreneurial success on knowledge-based firms is 7.46 %.

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For this purpose, field study and data recording in two parts, and different environmental situation in one micro climate.
Material and method: crowded places were studied to 18 days from the first day of shahrivar to 18th of shahrivar; two categories were created: the first Baghe fin open spaces and the second historical textures open spaces. After finishing library studies, physical presence in the texture and conducting field study (observation, and data collection of site) simultaneously the responses of 788 of inhabitants and tourists to the questionnaires  (environmental and thermal situations), climate parameters (temperature, air flow speed, moisture, co, co₂) were recorded. Then the dress rate and the metabolism of people was computed with delta log10 software, and after collecting and analyzing the data with spss24 software, thermal comfort of respondents based on UTCI was determined by Ray Man software.
Findings: The finding shows that the respondents in the whole surrounding of the study experienced thermal comfort between 20,23 and 35,61 centigrade degree. Also thermal comfort scope in Baghe fin between 19,45 to 37,63 and in historical texture between 18,5 to 35,16 centigrade.
Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that the scope of thermal comfort in Baghe fin is higher the that of Kashan historical texture about 1,52 centigrade.

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Aims: Populations are generally susceptible to the new coronavirus, but the elderly are more susceptible to severe disease and are admitted to the intensive care unit, and the mortality rate is higher in elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.
Instrument & Methods: The present cross-sectional survey was conducted on 461 Iranian elderly. Data collection tools include a questionnaire focusing on the quality of life in physical and mental dimensions. Stark quality of life questionnaire to adapt and be useful in COVID-19 disease outbreak conditions; only short phrases have been added to relate it to the disease. Data analysis was done using independent t and ANOVA tests.
Findings: Out of 461 participants in this study, 236 (51.2%) were men and the rest were women. Their average age was 70.46 years. The mean score of the mental component was 7.6±1.8 in women and 6.8±1.9 in men. The mean score of the physical component was 17.3±5.6 in women and 14.9±5.8 in men. There has been a significant relationship between the mental and physical components of gender. The results also showed that physical states of men enjoy better conditions compared to women (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the quality of life of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic was low. Men also enjoyed better conditions in comparison with women.
 

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Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a plant belonging to the Apiaceae family rich sources for tocophorol and phenolic content, including antioxidant activity. These diet antioxidants are important as they protect human body against oxidative stress and therefore maintain appropriate health. The propose of this study evaluate  the effect of extraction methods (ultrasound and Microwave) and solvents (ethanol, ethanol/water (50:50), and water) on tocophorol and phenolic content and antioxidant properties of dill extracts are to determine the most suitable extraction method for optimal use of this product. The antioxidant activities of each extract are evaluated with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), b-carotene bleaching and oxidative stability index (OSI). In all antioxidant assays the ultrasound water/ ethanol and ultrasound-ethanol had highest antioxidant activity and they didn^’t have significant difference with synthetic antioxidant TBHQ. According to the result dill extract with the method of ultrasound ethanol/water and ultrasound- ethanol can be replace with synthetic antioxidant in food industries.  

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In this research, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of two varieties of lemon (Cook Eureka and Khoushehi) were evaluated during two years by sampling from October 17 to November 16, every 10 days (four times) from trees and at the end of shelf life period. The results showed, generally, the size and volume of fruit of Cook Eureka was large and Khoushehi lemon was small. The fruit weight and juice percentage in Cook Eureka did not change significantly (p<0.05) during harvesting time and shelf life. The TSS/TA ratio also increased during ripening and shelf life, with the exception of the Khoushehi fruits which harvested on November 16. Although the technology index in Cook Eureka was not significantly change during harvesting times, but the peel thickness of Khoushehi fruits decreased during shelf life. In general, the values of L*, a* and b* color indices in both varieties and experiment were high from first to last harvest times. Also, amount of Chroma and CCI showed an increase pattern during shelf life. Fruits picked at the last harvest (Nov. 16), which had the highest amount of vitamin C (28.31 mg/100gFW), also had the highest vitamin C levels at the end of shelf life (42.64 mg/100gFW). Totally, the total phenol and antioxidant content of fruit were increased during shelf life period in both varieties.

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Extended Abstract Ranking rural settlements based on the degree vulnerability to natural hazards is a crucial issue in risk management and reduces their vulnerability. The purpose of the research Recognition and design process of multi-criteria decision analysis model (KOPRAS) in rural settlements based on the degree of physical vulnerability to natural hazards (earthquakes), To achieve it through a literature review, collection components and indicators of physical vulnerability of Chalan Cholan one of rural district affected to natural hazards (earthquakes) have been performed. Methodology Research methodology descriptive and analytic; Based on 13 indicators of physical vulnerability, Information about the vulnerability of these villages in 2006 earthquakes were collected, and In the process of doing the normalization and weighting factors were used in the model, and based on Villages studied were ranking. Finding and Conclusion The results of this study indicate as for diverse and fragmented nature of physical vulnerability indicators, these models can be having capability high-ranking settlements vulnerability against earthquakes. And accordingly an effective step towards a successful program to reduce the adverse effects of natural hazards and reduce the vulnerability of settlements to be prone to the risks, So that the results of the (KOPRAS) Model show that the villages zargaran olea, Karkhane sefid kon and pahlavan kol most vulnerable and villages Heshmat abad, Behzad abad and Beatan have been least vulnerability in Lorestan earthquake of 2006 selakhor plain. Keywords: Natural hazards, Earthquakes, Vulnerability, model ( KOPRAS),Ranking,Dehestan chalan cholan.

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In this study, qualitative traits and bioactive compounds of edible oil that extracted from three olive promising genotypes (T2, T7, and T18) and two cultivars (Zard and Koroneiki) from Tarom olive collection in Zanjan province were evaluated during two crop seasons (2017-2018). Edible oil quality traits including free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and extinction coefficients (K232 and K270), total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity were measured. The results of analysis of variance of year Í cultivar / genotype on oil qualitative traits showed that their interactions on all traits except K270 were significant at 1% probability level. The results showed that edible oil of T7 genotype (0.79% as oleic acid) and Zard cultivar (0.43% as oleic acid) in 1997 had the lowest and highest FFA contents, respectively. Edible oil of T7 in 2018 (17.22 m Eq / kg of oil) and T2 in 2017 (96.67 m Eq / kg) showed the highest and lowest PV levels, respectively. The K232 extinction coefficient of T18 oil was the lowest in both years (0.8 and 1.03 for 2017 and 2018, respectively). Edible oil of Zard cultivar had the highest amount of total phenol in 2017 (243.94 mg gallic acid per kg of oil). T7 genotype had the highest amounts of total flavonoids in 2018 )21.45 mg of quercetin per kg of oil(. Koroneiki cultivar with 90.55% had the highest antioxidant capacity in 2017 and T7 genotype with 41.65% had the lowest value of this index. T2 genotype in both years in terms of antioxidant capacity was in a statistical group with commercial cultivars.

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In order to evaluate the effect of different preharvest fertilization methods on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit (var. Hayward) at postharvest stage, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments in four replications in Citrus and Sub-tropical Fruits Research Center during three crop years (2014- 2016). Fertilizer treatments included broadcast application (control), localized placement, strip, foliar, fertigation, broadcast application + foliar, fertigation + foliar and localized placement + foliar. Then in the first of November in each year, sampling of the treated fruits was carried out to measure the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fruit at postharvest stage during three years. Harvested fruits were kept cold storage at 0.5 ° C and 90% relative humidity for three months. The results showed, the fertilizer method had a significant effect on the fruits weight loss. So that the fruits fed by strip (6.08%), fertigation (6.74%) and combination of fertigation and foliar application (6.61 %) methods had less weight loss during cold storage, respectively. L * and chroma content of flesh were affected by the fertigation method. Result also showed that the control fruits had the lowest amount of antioxidant capacity and strip fertilization treatment had the highest antioxidant capacity during cold storage. Sensory attributes analysis showed that the amount of aroma, flavour, off-flavour, sweetness, sourness and overall fruit acceptability in fruits treated by broadcast application + foliar method obtained the most desirable scores.

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One of the most important problems in the field of cultivation and production of garden products, especially oranges, is the irrigation of the plant and its amount. Iran has many challenges in growing and producing orange fruit due to its diverse climate and being located in a dry region.  Based on, in the present study, the effect of water stress and storage time of the product in cold storage (fruits of Thomson Novell cultivar after harvest in cold storage at 5 ° C and 85% humidity for 90 days and Valencia oranges at 20 ° C for Stored for 30 days) on chemical properties (antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid content), physical (weight, width, length, volume, volume, weight and weight of the extract), color characteristics and sensory properties were evaluated. The physical changes of Thomson and Valencia oranges in the samples without water stress on the first day were not significantly different, although minor reduction in storage time. According to the results, the highest weight loss, extract weight, antioxidant, ascorbic acid and volume of orange varieties during storage were in samples under dehydration stress. The color components include brightness, a * and b * decreased in Thomson orange samples under water stress and during storage, but the Valencia orange but did not significant difference was observed. Sensory properties of bad taste and bitterness were higher in oranges under water stress and scored lower in terms of sensory evaluators.

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Aim: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are known as important metal oxide nanoparticles and are used in many medical and biological fields, but concerns are rising due to their potential effects on some organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on renal angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 receptor levels in administered Rats with Nano Zinc Oxide.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, salin, nano zinc oxide, exercise and exercise plus nano zinc oxide groups. Zinc nitric oxide (1mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, 5 days a week into exercise and exercise plus nano zinc oxide groups. The exercise program consisted of progressive running on a treadmill (5 sessions per week for 4 weeks). Two days after the last application, the rats were euthanized. The kidney tissue is separated and angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 receptor were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.
Findings: After 4 weeks of chronic treatment with nano zinc oxide, the levels of angiotensin-II and angiotensin type 1 were significantly increased. Exercise significantly reduced renal angiotensin II and angiotensin type 1 levels. However, these variable levels in exercise plus nano zinc oxide group still were significantly higher than control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise reduces renal angiotensin II and angiotensin type 1 levels in Administered Rats with nano zinc oxide.

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Bread is a basic and essential good that has a special importance in the consumer basket of households and constitutes the main food of many people in the world. The main objective of this study was to investigate the consumption behavior of household bread basket using demand systems during 1998-2018. Therefore, estimates of various demand systems including generalized ordinary demand, Almost Ideal Differential Demand, Rotterdam, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) and National Bureau of Research (NBR) were used to select the appropriate demand system to calculate the price and income elasticities of bread demand. Based on statistical tests and econometric criteria, the results showed that the generalized ordinary demand system was the most appropriate model for estimating the consumption demand of the bread basket in urban households. The income elasticities of all types of bread were positive, and, for urban consumers, Barbari and industrial bread were essential and Lavash, Sangak, and Taftoon were luxury types. Also, according to the negative expectations and cross elasticities of Sangak with Barbari, self-price elasticities of different types of bread were positive, meaning that Sangak was replaced by Barbari. In addition, the variable effect of subsidy targeting was positive for Taftoon and Lavash breads, negative for Barbari, and meaningless for Sangak. According to the study results, it is suggested that government officials pay special attention to the importance of bread consumption basket and preferences of its consumers in economic policies regarding food and household consumption basket (such as targeted subsidies).