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  In this research with respect to results arising from dietary absorption of heavy metals such as increase in heart and blood vessels disease, disorder in immunity and nervous system, reduction of fertility rate, increase in children death rate, and most important of all, automatic absorption and the point that cheese is one of the chosen food for feeding children and other age groups, level and source of pollution of Yazd's saline cheese to some metals was evaluated. In this research from milk send to company , water used in process, used salt , packaging container PS+ AL (polystyrene + Aluminum) and cheese, 6 of each sample and totally 90  sample from 3 company A, B, C randomly was sampled; samples got ready for evaluation of metals such a lead, cadmium , arsenic, iron, zinc, copper and tin By slurry method, and final measurement of 2 metal iron and zinc by Flow Injection Analysis Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FIA-AAS) and of other metals by Electro thermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETA – AAS) took place. Should be mentioned that 3 companies produced cheese was quarantined for 45 days in lacquered tin and 7 days in packaging containers and then was evaluated, Results of test show that highest rate of pollution by iron and cadmium belongs to A Company's cheese, highest rate of pollution by copper, zinc and Lead belongs to C company's cheese, highest rate of pollution by Tin and arsenic belongs to cheese produced by company named B. By the way, highest level of fat, moisture and protein belong to A, C, B cheese. Findings reveal that affinity of tin and arsenic to protein and affinity of cadmium and iron to fat is higher than other metals. Statistic analysis by SPSS software and Dunnett, Scheffe and Tukey tests was done and level of mentioned metal was less than normal.

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  Liver and kidney of Iranian water buffalo used to consume as protein sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate macro- and micro-elements content of liver and kidney of water buffalo. The samples were collected from both sexes of slaughtered buffalos (n=40) from two different age groups (mature and immature). A sequence of steps including drying, weighting, dry ashed and acid extract was used to determine mineral composition in liver and kidney. Analysis of the acid digested samples were measured by a atomic absorption apparatus calibrated with standard solutions of the minerals. The results indicated that Potassium is the uppermost mineral found in liver and kidney (326.4 and 212.69 mg/100gr fresh tissue, respectively). Sodium was the second highest mineral was found in liver and kidney (72.2 and 172.32 mg/100gr fresh tissue, respectively). There was no significant differences in mineral of liver and kidney between different sexes of the buffalos. No significant differences in mineral content of both organs were found between mature and immature buffalos.

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  Cultivated mushrooms are considered as a popular delicacy and have an important role in daily intake due to essential Amino Acids, elements and vitamins. Based on Several Studies, mushrooms can accumulate great concentrations of toxic metallic elements like lead and cadmium in Comparative to other Fruits and vegetables. This study has conducted due to following reasons: - Lead and Cadmium have Considerable toxic effects even in low Concentrations. - There is no reports about these elements contents in mushrooms cultivated in Iran. - There is no Proper strategy for this infection control Material and Method: 8 mushroom Samples were collected randomatically from mushroom sale centres in Tehran, and delivered to laboratory. Then they were sorted, cut, washed, and dried at 80°c for 20h. Dried Samples were homogenized and laid in ash. Then they were Solved in Nitric Acid and finally analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Results: Cadmium Content was lower than acceptable level (EU 466/2001) (2.0 mg/kg dry weight) in all samples. Lead content was generally lower than acceptable level (3.0 mg/kg dry weight) except for 2 Samples which have 5.35 mg/kg and 3.71 mg/kg Lead Content. Conclusion: Analysed Samples have low content of cadmium due to cultivating environment, good quality of Compost and irrigation with deep underground water. Geographical Condition of Cultivation may cause high content of lead in two Samples. It is recommended to investigate the main reason of this infection.  

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The aim of this study was to measure the level of Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury in gill, muscle and hepatopancrease tissue of Aras dam Astacus leptoductylus and compare of them concentration in different body tissues. For this purpose, 271 samples of Astacus leptoductylus were randomly collected in Aras dam from December 1 to December 31, 2017 and transferred to the laboratory. After that tissue samples processed for injection in atomic absorption for apparatus for measuring the level of Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury. For measuring the protein, ash and moisture content of the samples AOAC method was conducted. The results showed that Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury were present in the Astacus leptoductylus samples and the highest level of these metals was in the muscle and the lowest in the gills. The highest level of metals existing in Astacus leptoductylus muscle was related to Cadmium (0.338± 79 0.79 ppb), and also Nickel (0.285±0.066 ppb) was in the second rank. The level of Arsenic and Mercury in muscle were ranked third and fourth. However, it was found that the total moisture content of the gills was higher than muscle and hepatopancrease tissue. On the other hand, the results of correlation between metals of different tissues of Astacus leptoductylus showed that the correlation between Cadmium and Nickel was higher than Arsenic and Nickel. The level of total protein and ash in Astacus leptoductylus muscles was higher than other tissues. The present study showed that analyzed Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury level were in the muscle, gill, and hepatopancrease tissue samples of the Aras dam A. leptoductylus in detectable concentrations, and Nickel and Mercury in the samples were lower than the WHO standard. As a result, the levels of metals in the Astacus leptoductylus samples collected from Aras dam were safe and reliable and therefore there is no problem.

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The concentrations of four major mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) in the muscles of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum), golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were measured. The study was carried out in two seasons (spring and autumn) and the fish were obtained from four different fishery stations (Chalous, Anzali, roudsar and Fereidounkenar) in the south Caspian Sea. The dry ash digest method followed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of minerals. Their values were expressed as milligram per kilogram dry matter. Calcium in golden grey mullet was the lowest (613.6 mg/kg) and potassium in kutum was the highest (11940.4 mg/kg) comparing among species. Calcium and sodium concentrations showed seasonal variation affected by fish species (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in magnesium concentration in golden grey mullet and kutum in both seasons (P > 0.05). However, magnesium concentration in common carp showed a significant variation between spring and autumn (P < 0.05). Concentrations for magnesium and potassium were affected by sampling place in all three species.  

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Distribution and mobility of nine mineral elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, and Cr) in cultured Gentiana rigescens and its root zone soil were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. G. rigescens materials were planted under tea and white papaya trees in Yun County and Yongde of Lincang area in Yunnan Province of China. The results showed that G. rigescens and its soil were high in K, Ca, Fe, and Mg. The concentrations of Na and Mg in the soil were significantly lower than that in the plants. However, the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Se, and Cr were significantly higher in soils than that in the plant parts. G. rigescens roots showed high accumulation ratios for Na, Mg, and K, but low accumulation ratios for Fe, Cu, Se, especially for Cr. Transfer coefficients indicated G. rigescens might be a good accumulator for Ca.

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Pomegranate and plum paste are acidic products that are often used in the preparation of most local foods in Guilan province. As the preparation of these pastes is mainly done in the aluminum containers traditionally, there is a possibility of aluminum leaking into the pomegranate and plum puree during processing. The presence of aluminum in the diet as a contaminant has aroused the concern of many researchers and many studies have been conducted to track the relation between the aluminum intake and the occurrence of the disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, breast cancer, neurological syndromes, and anemia and the link has been proved. In this study, pomegranate and plum paste from 13 different cities of the Guilan province were collected and the amounts of aluminum in them were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion by dry, wet, and microwave ashing methods. The results showed contamination of pomegranate and plum pastes with high amounts of the aluminum that was higher in plum paste in comparison to the pomegranate paste. The concentration of aluminum in the case of digestion by microwave was higher than the other two methods. Although the aluminum concentration in all samples did not exceed the tolerable level defined by WHO, continuous and long-term use, considering exposure to the other sources of contamination, would be a serious health threat. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the safe processing of these products.

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Rice is one of the most popular staple food of population. . It can absorb contaminants and heavy metals from the soil and affect human health.. Therefore it is necessary to have information about the heavy metals in rice and intake of them by human. Based on this, heavy metals cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel in rice samples were studied from three sources: Iran, Pakistan, India and atomic absorption spectrophotometer The amount of heavy metals of Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in various rice samples ranged from 0.04±0.008 to 0.40±0.03, 0.19±0.10 to 0.50±0.0, 0.092±0.04 to 1.28±0.1 and 0.19±0.01 to 0.89±0.01 respectively. The highest total heavy metals was observed in Taj mahal and the lowest in Abdalsalam. Estimated daily intake (EDI) value was calculated for different rice types.The concentration of cadmium and lead were above limit of quantification (LOQ) defined by FAO/WHO except one brand, whilst the chromium amount was significantly lower than LOQ. From recent rice consumption data, the estimated daily intakes of toxic compounds were computed for Iranian population. Estimated daily intake (EDI) for all heavy metals through imported and domestic cultivated rice consumption was considerably lower than the ADI.