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Showing 3 results for Environmental Effects
Environmental Effects of enhanced oil recovery methods

Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Nowadays, application of enhanced oil recovery methods has increased; therefore it’s necessary to determine their impacts on environment and human life. So, this research investigates the environmental impacts of conventional enhanced oil recovery methods and new methods such as using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound waves, and nanoparticles. The investigations show that electromagnetic waves and ultrasound can effectively remove many environmental pollutants. Characteristics of the wave and the type of formation determine that these waves have different effects on the formation, and efforts should be made to understand these effects to prevent damage to the formation. Nanoparticles can also reduce the quantity of pollutants in the environment. According to the mechanisms of entrapment of nanoparticles in the porous medium, they may remain in the reservoir and find their way to the underground water over time, so their environmental effects should be considered in the long term. A better knowledge of new methods of increasing oil extraction will lead to the identification and use of more suitable methods with less environmental effects (compared to conventional methods).

 
Seasonal Density and Distribution of Echinoderms of Khark Island
Ardavan Farhadiamiri, Alireza Shamoradi, Mohhamadali Salarialiabadi, Atefeh Moradieh,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Identification of intertidal echinoderms and the effect of environmental factors on their density and distribution in five stations around the Khark Island were seasonally investigated. Three transects were designated to cover the supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral zones within each station. The environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and total organic maters (TOM) were also recorded. Maximum and minimum water temperature were recorded in summer (35.94 ± 0.28) and in winter (18.34 ± 0.39) and the maximum and minimum salinity were recorded in winter (44.6± 0.14) and spring (37 ± 0.18), respectively. Maximum and minimum percentages of total organic maters (TOM) were observed in summer (9.63 ± 0.71) and winter (3.39±0.15), respectively.Totally four species belonging to for families were identified, viz. Asterina burtoni, Echinometra mathaei, Holothuria atra, Ophiothrix sarignyi, the highest frequency of which was encountered by E. mathaei. The maximum density and distribution were found in spring and minimum in summer and winter.
Evaluation of the Effects of Religious Spaces on Citizen’s Behaviors with Particular Reference to the Selected Tehran Mosques

Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
The nature of people-environment relationships is reflected in multiple research paradigms of the field, including studies of environmental stress, cognitive mapping, environmental assessment, human spatial behavior, resource conservation behaviors, and ecological psychology. The environment in which man and human life are surrounded affects human behaviors, senses, and perceptions. In this case, the built physical environment, particularly in cities is the most important part of human living spaces. These spaces can affect citizen’s life in various ways. Some of them grow out of the meaning of places, some of them are dealt with their physical features and some are concerned with the functions of the environment. Almost everywhere, urban religious spaces such as play a crucial role in human life. Need to pray and need to have an enthusiasm social life are of almost everybody’s spiritual needs. So due to meet, these essential needs, religious places have been established. In Islamic countries, mosques are of the main urban religious places, they serve as places where Muslims can get together for salat (Prayer) as well as for getting information, education, and dispute settlement. The main question of the present research is, whether attending in religious places can affect the citizens’ behavior or not? It seems that there are meaningful relations between attending in religious places and citizens’ behaviors. In order to examine the above hypothesis, two mosques (Hazrat-e Amir al-momenin Mosque and Hazrat-e Abolfazl Mosque) were selected as the case study. These mosques are located respectively in the regions 18 and 2 in the city of Tehran. Then the variables were determined and defined. There were two main variables in this paper. To evaluate the first variable (Attending in a religious place) some indexes were determined. Also, evaluate the second variable (Citizens’ behaviors) several indexes were chosen. Due to describe the variable of human behavior, the characteristics of human behavior have been divided into 2 parts, Social and individual, then to assess these features some indexes such as participation, philanthropy, self-confidence, social trust and etc, have been chosen. Then a questionnaire was prepared and data were collected. Finally, the responses were analyzed by SPSS 17. Based on the results, the hypothec of the investigation was accepted. It means that in the area under study there is a meaningful relation between attending in religious places and citizen’s behaviors.

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