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Purpose: In this study the effect of iron supplmentation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl was investigated. Material and Methods: In this experimental clincal study, the effect of iron supplementation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl and Ferritin> 14.3 μg/l during the 13th- 18th pregnancy week was studied. Eighty seven women having the above conditions were selected in this study. Fourthy two women received one ferrous sulfate pill (50 mg Elemental iron) daily (study group) and 45 women received one placebo ferrous sulfate daily (control group) from the 20th pregnancy week. The amount of Hb and Hct during the 24-28 preganancy week and over the 32nd – 36th pregnancy week were measured. Results: This study showed that in the second trimester the level of hemoglobin in the study group (13.41 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (12.59 ± 0.79). In addition, the level of hemoglobin in the third trimester in the study group (14.02 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (13.36 ± 0.57). The level of hematocrit in the second trimester in the study group (40.31 ± 01.81) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (38.96 ± 2.5). Furthermore, the level of hematocrit in the third trimester in the study group (41.74 ± 2.2) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (40.73 ± 2.19). There was not any significant clinical decrease in the level of hemoglobin and hematicrit during the pregnancy. Conclusion: Using iron supplementation in women with a high hemoglobin level can inhibit the beneficial decrease of the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the second and third trimester and the routin administration of iron supplementation is doubtful.

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Due to the increasing demand for nanotechnologies, there is a rising concern about the potential risks of nanomaterials to human health, environment, and aquatic ecosystems. The chemical composition and small size of the nanomaterials are the most important factors in the toxicity of these materials. Histological study of gill and investigation of haematological parameters are important for monitoring of the health status in aquatic animals. Therefore, in this study, the effects of subacute concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles were examined on some haematological parameters of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus). The experiment was performed at 15 litres aquariums in three experimental groups including 10, 40, 80 ppm copper oxide nanoparticle and the control group for 42 days. Each treatment included three replicates consisting of seven juveniles carp with an approximate weight of 42± 2 gr. The results of this experiment showed that copper oxide nanoparticle caused hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, epithelial hypertrophy, lamellar aneurism, and reduces secondary lamellae length. In addition, red blood cells (RBC) was significantly decreased with the increase in the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticle (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, RBC had a significant reduction from 2.11±0.004 to 1.98±0.005. Hematocrit and haemoglobin reduced from 1.37±0.011 to 1.34±0.001 and 7.8±0.01 to 6.9±1.32, respectively (P<0.05). A significant reduction was recorded in hematocrit among the control groups and other treatments (P<0.05). Conclusion: Eventually it can be concluded that the sub-acute particles may causes damage to the surface of tissues, especially gill tissue, and changes in the level of blood factors in fish, which can be due to the destructive effects of this type of nanoparticle on hematopoietic organs such as liver and kidney. Therefore, a definite conclusion in this regard requires more and more extensive research on the same species and other species.