Showing 6 results for Immune Response
, Asaad Vaziry,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the immune response, biochemical parameters and serum enzymes in adult male and female goldfish during breeding season was investigated. Mature male and female received an intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 1/ IU hCG g/ BW and the control group was injected with saline solution. Twelve and 24 hours after hCG injection, blood samples were taken from broodstock and immune parameters (IgM, IgG, C3, C4), biochemical and enzymes (glucose, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides, calcium, creatinine, albumin, HDL, LDL, AST and ALT) were measured. There were no significant changes in IgM levels in females between 12 and 24 hours after hCG injection compared to the control group (P>0.05). However, IgM level in male showed a gradual decrease in comparison to control fish (P<0.05). On the other hand, the concentration of IgM and C4 complement decreased by passing time after hCG injection in both male and female (P<0.05). The C3 complement dramatically increased after hCG injection in both male and female (P<0.05). Injection of human chorionic gonadotropin caused a significant change in serum biochemical and enzyme in both male and female. The results showed that the hCG hormone even in a single dose within a short time after injection, strongly stimulate the immune system and changes physiological condition of adult male and female goldfish.
S. Meshkini, A.a. Tehrani, F. Farhangpajouh , A.a. Tafi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Aims: The use of immune stimulants to prevent diseases and increase the resistance of aquatic animals to stress has been rising. The aim of the present study was examining the histopathology and immunology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with Levamisole.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 1000 fish were divided in 5 treatments and fed on diet supplemented with levamisole at 0 (control), 100, 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg-1 diet for 45 days. Then, the fish were fed on a diet without levamisole and increased density twice for the following 15 days. Blood samples were collected from all treatments on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 to evaluate the total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum. At the end of the trial, 15 fish from each treatment (each replicate 5 fish) were randomly selected and tissue samples of gill, kidney, and liver were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software, using one way ANOVA and Duncan test.
Findings: Treatment fed with 1000mg levamisole on day 30 and 60 had the highest total serum immunoglobulin and had the highest lysozyme activity in comparison to other treatments on 15, 30, and 60 days. The least amount of tissue damage was observed in gills, kidneys, and liver in 1000mg levamisole.
Conclusion: A total of 1000mg/kg-1 levamisole of rainbow trout diet causes the least amount of damage to the gill, kidneys, and liver tissues, as well as the increase of total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum.
Amirhossein Valipour, Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari, Mehdi Tabarsa,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effect of soluble polysaccharides in Spirulina platensis microalgae on growth performance, body composition and immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 180 rainbow trout (17.22 ± 0.5g) were selected and distributed in five experimental treatments (with three replications). Treatments included different levels of polysaccharide in dosage of 0 (control), 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg / kg of feed. According to the results, in growth factors (final weight, body weight gain, specific growth factor, protein efficiency, feed conversion ratio and condition factor), no significant difference was observed. The highest and the lowest amount of carcass proteins were observed in the diet containing 500 mg polysaccharide and control, which showed a significant difference. The amount of fatty acids of the muscle of the fish body did not show any significant difference among the treatments. The highest and lowest levels of lysozyme activity were observed in treatments of 2,000 mg polysaccharide and control and the highest and lowest levels of complement activity were observed in treatments containing 3000 mg polysaccharide and control respectively (P <0.05). In general, the use of polysaccharide extracted from micro-algae did not significantly improve rainbow trout growth, but a slight improvement in growth and body composition (protein) in 500 mg polysaccharide per kg of diet was observed. In terms of safety indicators, treatments of 2,000 and 3,000 mg of polysaccharides per kg of diet had a good performance and could be used whenever needed.
Volume 14, Issue 4 (7-2012)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the medicinal plant yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), a probiotic (Primalac) and an antibiotic (virginiamycin) on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, microbial populations, immune response, serum lipids and growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of 250 one-day old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments, 5 replicates with 10 birds in each in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included the control, yarrow powder at two different concentrations (1.5 and 3% of diet), Primalac (0.1% of diet) and virginiamycin (15 ppm). The highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the control while the lowest FCR was seen in the virginiamycin group at 42 days of age (P< 0.05). Moreover, the highest body weight gain (BWG) was observed in the virginiamycin group while the lowest value was related to the control animals (P< 0.05). Carcass yields were not different between treatments (P> 0.05). Relative weights of breast and thigh were similar among all treatments (P> 0.05). Relative weights of bursa Fabricius, spleen and primary immune response (total titer, IgG and IgM) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC (were not affected by treatments. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride as well as high and low density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) levels were different among treatments (P< 0.05). The lowest concentrations of the mentioned parameters were obtained in the group supplemented with 3% of yarrow (P< 0.05). The highest and lowest antibody titers (secondary immune response) against SRBC were observed by the yarrow (3%) and antibiotic supplementations, respectively (P< 0.05). The highest lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were detected in the crop, ileum and cecum of the Primalac group (P< 0.05). Inclusion of virginiamycin and yarrow (3%) caused a significant decrease in coliforms and total aerobic bacteria counts in crop, ileum and cecum (P< 0.05). The results of this study showed that the administration of yarrow (3%) can reduce the levels of serum lipids and boost the immune response in broilers. Moreover, it led to reduced pathogenic bacteria population in the GIT which could help to improve intestinal health and well being of poultry. It is proposed that yarrow can be used as an antibiotic alternative.
Volume 22, Issue 1 (12-2018)
Abstract
Aims: New vaccines based on recombinant and DNA proteins are safer than traditional vaccines, but unfortunately, they have lower Therefore, there is a need for the development of safe and strong that can increase the immune PLGA), ester, consists of acidic and lactic acid. Its hydrolysis leads to the production of lactic acid and glycolic acid monomers. The aim of this study was to compare humoral and cell mediated immune response to coated PLGA in mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, PLGA nanoparticles were produced by water/oil (W/O) method. Tetanus toxin attached to by EDC. After coated characterization, they were injected into different groups of mice. The complete and Alum as After a single injection, the of was investigated by ELISA and cellular analyzed by spleen cell proliferation assay. One-way analysis of variance was used.
Findings: PLGA nanoparticles had a strong effect, and when used with antigens, could produce cellular and humoral immune response far more powerful than alum and than Freund’s adjuvant.
Conclusion: Glycolic polyester, in the form of conjugation with an antigen, can be used to increase the immune response, especially in the cellular immune arm, relative to the antigenic solution. Although PLGA seems not so successful to the humoral immune stimulus against in comparison to the full of it can be a significant competitor with
Volume 25, Issue 3 (5-2023)
Abstract
Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) an important marine species of high economic value and excellent meat quality, has suffered great losses due to disease in high-density aquaculture. The macroalgae, Gracilaria pygmaea, which include various bioactive compounds, may serve as an immunostimulant in the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary fish meal replacement with Gracilaria pygmaea meal on immunity, activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, intestinal tissue, lysozyme gene activity, and IGF-I gene activity in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). To this end, 120 individuals of Asian sea bass with an average weight of 28±0.5 g were divided into four treatments and three replicates and kept in 12 tanks (10 fish per 300-liter tank). Blends of soybean meal and fish meal were used as a Control diet (C). Experimental diets were prepared to substitute the fish meal with 3 (GL3), 6 (GL6), and 9% (GL9) of G. pygmaea in the basal diet. Fish were fed three times daily for six weeks. Dietary supplementation of G. pygmaea led to significantly increase in total immunoglobulin level compared to the control. The inclusion of G. pygmaea in the diet did not affect the antioxidant status of the fish. The histological analysis showed that fish of all groups exhibited normal morphology of anterior intestine and pyloric caeca. The obtained results showed that fish of GL9 and the control groups had the highest IGF-1 mRNA transcript abundance in the liver compared to the other groups. The changes of lysozyme expression noticed among the groups were statistically insignificant. Overall, the results obtained in this study indicated that dietary G. pygmaea did not cause adverse effects on immune status, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and lysozyme gene activity in Asian sea bass.
