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Research subject: In recent years, researchers have proposed various methods for gas separation because of rising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and causing enormous environmental problems. One of the newest and emerging methods is membrane gas separation. In the last decade, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received much attention due to their ability to successful separation of polar gases from mixtures.
Research approach: In this study, a novel two-component mixed matrix membrane was prepared by incorporating the nickel zinc iron oxide nanoparticles into the Pebox polymer matrix. This is owing to combination the unique features of Pebax copolymer such as high mechanical strength and gas permeability, with nanoparticle properties as considerable permeability and selectivity, and appropriate mechanical and thermal stability. The gas permeability test was performed for pristine membrane and MMMs at 35 °C and pressure range from 2 to 10 bar. Fabricated membranes were also evaluated by FESEM, FTIR-ATR, DSC and XRD tests
Main results: Results demonstrated that in the case of the optimum membrane with 1 wt.% of filler loading and at 10 bar, the CO₂ permeability was increased about 128% and reached to 278 Barrer, compared to pristine membrane. However, the CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ selectivities were improved by 175 and 183 percent, respectively. This superior results was due to the presence of iron, nickel, and zinc atoms in the filler structure, which resulted in a better interaction with CO₂. On the other hand, the presence of CO₂-friendly segments in the Pebax structure caused much higher CO₂ permeability in comparison with other light gases.

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Abstract: Toxic metal pollution is effluents from hospitals and factories. Remove them from the environment is important. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology of yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis PTCC 5051, and received as a lyophilized culture YEDPA environment and then the proliferation of malt extract broth is used. In this study, the effects of parameters such as pH, temperature, kinetics and adsorption isotherm nickel and zinc were determined by Saccharomyces. Maximum amount of nickel and zinc uptake in the pH range 5/5, and 6 was respectively. Kinetic studies showed that the biological uptake of nickel by biomass on Saccharomyces was quickly removed and most of the first test was done in less than 30 minutes. Adsorption of nickel and zinc were determined by Saccharomyces active and in active. Uptake by yeast is more active. Nickel and zinc uptake by Saccharomyces inactivated by autoclaving or sodium azide and di-nitro phenol has been investigated. Maximum amount of nickel and zinc absorption were 0.65 and 0.47 mmol g. Remove toxic heavy metals from wastewater by the yeast Saccharomyces hospitals is high performance.

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Research Subject: Because of the constant deterioration of environmental conditions, the world faces energy and clean water shortage. To address the water crisis issue, the solar steam generation system has been considered as a suitable technology for seawater desalination due to its competitive features, such as no carbon dioxide emission, low energy consumption, and high efficiency. In modern solar steam generation systems, solar energy is harvested by a photothermal absorber and then converted into thermal energy to heat a certain volume of water and produce steam. Then, the generated steam condenses on the inner surface of the cover, and clean water is collected. The five key features required for solar steam generation system are: high light absorption, low heat losses and heat localization, proper water transfer, and the ability to float on the water surface.
Research Methods: In this study, a solar steam generation system based on a graphite absorber layer is built, and its performance is improved using nickel plasmonic nanoparticles.
In order to investigate the dependency of the performance on the structure, two different layers including cotton and polyester felts are used to transfer water controllable. In this study, the water evaporation rate, surface temperature, and efficiency of the devices are evaluated.
Main Results: Thermal efficiency and evaporation rate for the system based on the pure graphite absorber is 68.17% and 0.97 kg/m².h, which increases to 93.57% and 1.37 kg/m².h, respectively by adding nickel nanoparticles. Using two cotton and PS water managers reveals the importance of the thermal energy and mass transfer balancing in the systems, which strongly affects the devices performance.

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The aim of this study was to measure the level of Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury in gill, muscle and hepatopancrease tissue of Aras dam Astacus leptoductylus and compare of them concentration in different body tissues. For this purpose, 271 samples of Astacus leptoductylus were randomly collected in Aras dam from December 1 to December 31, 2017 and transferred to the laboratory. After that tissue samples processed for injection in atomic absorption for apparatus for measuring the level of Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury. For measuring the protein, ash and moisture content of the samples AOAC method was conducted. The results showed that Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury were present in the Astacus leptoductylus samples and the highest level of these metals was in the muscle and the lowest in the gills. The highest level of metals existing in Astacus leptoductylus muscle was related to Cadmium (0.338± 79 0.79 ppb), and also Nickel (0.285±0.066 ppb) was in the second rank. The level of Arsenic and Mercury in muscle were ranked third and fourth. However, it was found that the total moisture content of the gills was higher than muscle and hepatopancrease tissue. On the other hand, the results of correlation between metals of different tissues of Astacus leptoductylus showed that the correlation between Cadmium and Nickel was higher than Arsenic and Nickel. The level of total protein and ash in Astacus leptoductylus muscles was higher than other tissues. The present study showed that analyzed Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury level were in the muscle, gill, and hepatopancrease tissue samples of the Aras dam A. leptoductylus in detectable concentrations, and Nickel and Mercury in the samples were lower than the WHO standard. As a result, the levels of metals in the Astacus leptoductylus samples collected from Aras dam were safe and reliable and therefore there is no problem.

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The present research was carried out under hydroponic culture to evaluate the interaction between salicylic acid (SA), nickel (Ni) on vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberry plants as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Well-rooted daughter plants of Pajaro cultivar, were potted in 3 L plastic pots and were sprayed with SA at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 3 mM and NiSO4 at 0, 150 and 300 mg.L-1, after establishment. Results indicated that SA at 2 mM increased root and shoot fresh weight, number of inflorescences and fruits, fruit nitrogen concentration and yield. The effect of Ni was promoting too, as 150 mg.L-1 of Ni led to significant increments of fruit number, inflorescences, leaf area per plant and yield. However, the best results were found when SA was applied accompanied by Ni.

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Superalloys are extensively used in various industries like aerospace, chemical and petrochemical industries due to their properties such as high strength at elevated temperature and good corrosion resistance. On the other hand, owing to these properties, superalloys are classified as difficult to cut materials. In the present work, the effect of cutting parameters on tool life in turning of N-155 iron-nickel-base superalloy is investigated. Cutting speed and feed rate each at five level were selected as cutting variables. Relationship between cutting parameters and output variable i.e. tool life was modeled by using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that there was a good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted values using the developed mathematical model. Additionally, analysis of variance was implemented to evaluate the adequacy of the regression model and respective variables. ANOVA results indicated that the cutting speed had more effect on tool life than feed rate. Moreover, wear mechanisms and failure modes of the cutting edges were analyzed by using the images of scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different cutting speeds and feed rates. It was observed that abrasion and adhesion were the most dominant wear mechanisms in this study. Finally, desirability function was used so as to predict optimum cutting parameters for achieving maximum tool life.

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In the present study, the mechanical and microstructural properties of dissimilar joint of 304 austenite stainless steel and C70600-copper-nickel alloy made by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process has been investigated. The aim of this joint is using the twin metallurgical properties such as; heat dissipation and corrosion resistance of copper-nickel alloy and mechanical properties of 304 austenite stainless steel alloy. Welding of two dissimilar metal steel to copper-nickel alloy due to differences in melting point, the difference in thermal conductivity, rapid solidification of copper nickel are facing many problems. In this research due to solubility and weldability of nickel with two both alloys, three filler metals Inconel 625, Inconel 82 and 61 were used. According to microstructural investigations welds made by Inconel 625 and Inconel 82 show a finer equiaxed dendrite structure as compare as in Inconel 61 filler metal. The tensile strength of samples welded by Inconel 625, 82 and 61 filler metals was 324, 323 and 293 MPa, while the elongation percent of three samples show small difference. According to mechanical properties of joints, the Inconel 625 and 82 filler metal are appropriate for dissimilar welding 304 austenite stainless steel and C70600-copper-nickel alloy.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the hot working behavior of the cobalt-nickel base superalloy with the chemical composition of Co-22.8Ni-3.4Al-8Cr-17.1W-1.5Ti-2.8Ta-1.5Nb-1.5Mo-0.06C-0.02B (%wt) by performing compression test, providing the constitutive equation and deformation procssing map and determining the safe and unsafe regions of deformation. In this regard, the hot compression test was performed in the temperature range of 1050-1200 degrees Celsius, with a step of 50 degrees Celsius and strain rates of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001/s up to a strain of 0.7. The evaluation of the constitutive equations governing the hot deformation process of the superalloy showed that the presented model based on the hyperbolic sine equation predicts the experimental results with acceptable accuracy. Using the mentioned equation, the hot deformation activation energy of the investigated alloy in the present study was obtained as 497 kJ/mol. Based on the process in map drawn for the investigated alloy in the present study, at a strain of 0.4, an instability region was observed at a temperature of 1050 degrees Celsius and a strain rate of 0.01 1/s. the extent and intensity of instability region decreased with the increase in deformation temperature. According to the results of the processing map and the constitutive equations, the optimal conditions of deformation of the investigated alloy are in the temperature range of 1150  to 1200  and the strain rate of 0.1 1/s and the temperature range of 1100  to   1200 and the strain rate of 0.1 to 0.001 the peak efficiency of  45% energy consumption.