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Aquaculture production is often accompanied by some stressors which undesirable effects on growth and physiological function. Music is one of the cases that could eliminate or reduce the effects of stressors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Iranian traditional music on growth, reproduction and behaviour of zebra cichlid (Pseudotropheus zebra). Fish with an average weight 5.5  0.18 g were put under both music and silence treatment with the number of 2 fish/aquarium with 3 replicates for 4 weeks. Fish under music treatment were put twice a day and every 30 minutes under the Iranian traditional music. At the end of this period, suitable conditions for fish were created to spawning. The results showed no significant differences in growth parameters, but 50 percent of fish during the 2-week were spawned in music treatment. However, only 16.6 percent of fish under silent treatment were spawned. Of eggs and spawn time, significant differences were observed between two groups. When is music being played, the fish were found mainly along approach the speakers, while the distribution of fish treated silence was uniform. The results of present study showed that use of music can affect physiological function of fish, which have more tranquility and less stress on fish.

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We investigated the response of Sea Buckthorn to drought in a nursery experiment that has been studied for the first time in the world for Iranian Sea Buckthorn. Biomass and physiological differences in response to drought were compared between four Elaeagnus rhamnoides seedlings inhabited in Qazvin Province origin seeds of Iran. The experimental design included four water regimes including 2, 4, 8 and 12 days irrigation and three blocks. Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Relative Water Content (RWC), Water Potential (WP), Water Saturation Deficit (WSD), Root and shoot weight of fresh leaves were determined at the end of the watering treatment (four months). We found that drought tolerance was highly related to the plant physiology in E. rhamnoides. With the extension of drought stress from 2 to 12 days, E. rhamnoides seedlings WUE was increased; between one and second treatment, also between third and fourth treatments we observed significant difference. RWC gradually was declined with decreasing water supplies. WP was decreased, while drought was increased from first to last treatment. WSD gradually was increased by accelerating drought in all treatments. WSD values did not differ significantly between treatments three and four. Significant differences at 0.05 levels were not observed between 8 and 12 days-irrigated in both of R and S weight, but in all treatments was decreased toward drought. Our results provided new clue and new insight to study the drought-tolerant mechanism for the study species.

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The influence of initial moisture content on wood decay at different levels of atmospheric oxygen concentration was studied. Three fungi, Coriolus versicolor (C. versicolor) a white rot, Coniophora puteana (C. puteana) a brown rot, and Chaetomium globosum (C. globosum) a soft rot, were chosen. The mycelia of the fungi were inoculated in to mini blocks of Fagus sylvatica (beech) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine). Incubation was conducted under four levels of oxygen concentration (1,5,10, and 21% O2) at 22o C. At low oxygen concentrations, an increase of moisture content had a negative effect on the wood decay process by both the Basidiomycetes (C. versicolor and C. puteana) in Scots pine and beech. In air, the effect of initial moisture content on wood decay by these fungi depended on the characteristics of the fungi and the wood species (such as fungal biology and physiology). When C. globosum was used as a colonizer, increasing moisture content generally increased weight loss in the wood blocks (especially in beech). When the moisture content in the wood blocks was increased, more sporulations by C. globosum were also observed on the wood samples. However, the role of oxygen in inceasing wood decay was more important than the moisture content effect.

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 Biofloc technology is considered as a culture system for fish production reduced environmental impacts. In the present study investigated the impact of zeolite nanoparticle on water quality, growth performance, digestive enzymes and immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reared under biofloc conditions. Fish fingerlings (initial weight of 7.99 ± 0.36 g) were divided into four treatments and fed four levels of zeolite nanoparticles in the following 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200  mg kg⁻¹ diet in biofloc system (NZ1, NZ2 and NZ3) for 60 days. Carbon to nitrogen ratio (15:1) was provided using sucrose. Water quality parameters such as nitrogen compounds were measured during the test period. At the end of the experiment, the highest growth indices and the lowest feed conversion ratio were obtained in 50 mg kg⁻¹ diet (NZ1). Intestinal protease activities in NZ1 and NZ2 treatments were significantly higher than in the other treatments, and the highest lipase and amylase activity was related to the NZ1 treatment. The 50 and 100 Zeolite diets in biofloc conditions significantly enhanced fish immune system activity. The present study suggests that dietary supplementation with 50 and 100 mg Zeolite nanoparticles in biofloc system significantly increases growth performance, digestive enzyme, and immunological response in common carp in fish culture tanks.

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Introduction: Having a good quality sleep is essential for college students to support their academic success, physical health, mental well-being, and overall productivity. In this study, we evaluated the sleep quality among graduate students studying medical physiology at Tarbiat Modares University.
Materials and Methods: 46 students including 11 master's and 31 doctoral students, and also 4 postdoctoral researchers participated in this study. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire.
Results: The overall sleep quality score of participants was 6.8±0.49, indicating that the students faced poor sleep quality. Sleep disturbance was significantly higher in female than male students (p<0.05). Moreover, students with higher age, married or engaged in carrying out the practical experiments related to their thesis had a lower score (p<0.05) (i.e. better performance) in the daily functioning component compared to other students.
Conclusion: This study showed that medical physiology students have poor sleep quality. This undesirable sleep quality can impair the students learning and research skills. It is recommended that appropriate plans be made and necessary training be provided to students to improve their sleep quality.