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Population dynamics of three main alfalfa aphids, namely: pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis trifolii forma maculata (Buckton), black alfalfa aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, and their most abundant predators and parasitoids in three sites and in two subsequent years in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. The results revealed that frequency and temporal occurrence of alfalfa aphids and their natural enemies in different regions were varied, but aphid natural enemy populations were more or less coincident with aphid populations. Populations of aphids were mainly affected by alfalfa harvesting, ambient temperature, and coccinellid predators. Hemipterous predators in contrast with coccinellids, had little effect on aphid populations. Parasitoids seem to be effective on low populations of alfalfa aphids. Air humidity and rainfall had no effect on populations of alfalfa aphids.

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Tuna fishes are one of the most important and commericial tuna species in Northern of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The tuna fish stocks Thunnus tonggol was assessed in Hormuzgan coastal waters using software FiSAT . Data were collected minimum 200 fish per month simple randomly from five major traditional fish-landing sites in Hormuzgan Province, from November 2021 to September 2023. The monthly individuals ranging of T. tonggol  from 21 - 108 cm fork length with mean 71.08 ± 1.23 cm.The infinity length and growth parameters (K, L∞) for T. tonggol, were computed 121.17 cm and 0.68 respectively. Growth performance index (Phi Monreo) calculated for T. tonggol , 8.9 which was in agreement with the finding of the other studies in the Indian Ocean. The results showed that this species has a high growth rate in the first 2 years of their life. The (a, b) parameters in power equation length-weight relationship for T. tonggol were (0.00002, 2.94), indicating that T. tonggol has isometric growth. Total mortality, natural mortality, fishing mortality rate and exploitation ratio (Z, M, F, E) were estimated for T. tonggol (2.89, 0.71, 2.18, 0.75). These results indicated that population of T. tonggol  is overexploited and no scope for improving production in Hormuzgan Province. Tuna fish stock are trans boundaries and its fishery management  and long term monitoring programs would be conducted in collaboration countries bordering the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Indian Ocean

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Potato Tuber Moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most destructive pests of potatoes under field and storage conditions. Exploiting plant resistance may help control the pest in an eco-friendly manner. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the resistance status of six common potato cultivars (Banba, Bellini, Draga, Marfona, Jelly, and Milva) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 65±5% RH and 14:10 (L: D) hours photoperiod). Life history and demographic parameters of P. operculella under laboratory conditions were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, which could be appropriate indices in resistance and susceptibility evaluation of potato cultivars. Pre-adult development was slower on Marfona and faster on Banba (19.91 and 21.93 days, respectively) compared to the other cultivars. The longest oviposition days was found on Jelly (8.20 days), while the shortest (5.43 days) was on Bellini. The maximum values of r and λ were found on Marfona (r= 0.160 d^-1, λ= 1.173 d^-1), whereas the minimum values were recorded on Draga (r= 0.092 d^-1, λ= 1.096 d^-1). According to the findings of the present study, Draga was considered resistant and a less favorable host plant for the development and reproduction of PTM. These demographic data may be used to better understand the population dynamics of the pest on the six potato cultivars tested, thereby inevitably improve efficient pest management approaches for PTM in both organic and conventional production systems.