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Quality deterioration of fish as the result of disintegration of proteins, even under chill storage, yields peptides and amino acids, which make the quality susceptible to further degradation as the result of bacterial conversion of these amino acids into hazardous biogenic amines (BAs). In this study, six biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, histamine and tyramine) in 16 days ice stored common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated at 5 intervals (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days). Higher levels of putrescine and cadaverine were detected at all intervals, indicating they can be good markers to determine the carp quality. Spermidine and spermine levels fluctuated during the storage and the levels of dangerous histamine and tyramine were too low to raise any concern.

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Sausages and bologna are heated meat products and they are one of the most popular meat products in Iran. Detection of misuse of non edible animal tissues like visceral organs in quality control and assessment of nutritional value of sausages and bologna is very important. In this study 150 samples of different kind of sausages and bologna in 5 groups according to the percentage of meat content produced with standard beef meat and suitable raw materials in good manufacturing practices. In the lab amount of hydroxyproilne, collagen, total protein, free collagen protein, ratio of collagen on total protein and collagen on free collagen protein of samples assigned and laboratory data analyzed for each group. According to the results, amount of above factors in each group of products can use as a quantitative index for quality control of sausages and bologna.

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  The biogenic amines content of whole rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and its related bacterial load (psychrotroph and psychrophiles, pseudomonads and mesophiles) were monitored during ice storage in a period of eighteen days (zero, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18). The levels of putrescine, cadaverine and histamine and bacterial loads increased (P<0.05) during storage but tyramine was not detected in any of the samples. Initial concentration of putrescine was 0.4 and finally reached to 8.97 mg/g, and psychrotroph and psychrophiles were the dominant microorganisms. The best correlatios were found among putrescine and psychrotroph and psychrophile and its regression equation derived relating PUT, pse and psy (R=./98): [PUT =0.83 pse + 0.69psy+ 0.41[. In adition another regression equation derived relating CAD and time (R=0.955): [CAD =0.576 time - 3.49[.It is therefore concluded that although the quality control of Rainbow trout can be approximately estimated by measurement of either putrescine or psychrophiles with the usage of derived equation, but it's much better to evaluate some of these factors simultaneously to accomplish a precise quality assessment.

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Microbial quality of potable water is of the most import guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the main concerns of water supply and distribution network problems particularly in large cities is microbial growth in the pipelines that are significant non-compliers and repeatedly detect bacteria in finished drinking-water. In Iran, chlorine is mostly used as disinfection agent in conventional chemical treatment process in water treatment plants for supplying safe drinking water. This is done to maintain a residual concentration within a water distribution system for preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, to meet water quality standards, it is necessary to maintain free chlorine residuals throughout the minimum and maximum levels for various reasons. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between residual chlorine concentration, turbidity and microbial quality of water used for drinking in water distribution system of city of Semnan. Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) bacteria was used as an indicator for microbial quality and residual chloride concentration and turbidity were selected as the main parameters for determining correlation. In this research, for the first time Water-Gems as a comprehensive and easy-to-use water distribution modeling application bacteriological software with GIS system was employed as a tool to evaluate the microbial water quality in the network of Semnan city which is known as drawn area with limited water resources. Water-Gems is a multi-platform hydraulic and water quality modeling solution for water distribution systems with advanced interoperability, geospatial model-building, optimization, and asset management tools. For the study, all required information from water supply system such as topographical references, type and diameter of pipelines, pressure head in the system and connections were imported in the software. Then sampling points were selected and 25200 samples were made for turbidity, residual chloride concentration and HPC bacteria. The results indicated that there is high correlation between free chloride residual, turbidity and HPC which means that lower chloride concentration caused the increase in turbidity and HPC number. This information can be used to formulate a bacterial growth control strategy.

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Rainbow trout have found a good place in the household food basket due to their valuable nutritional properties. Therefore, supply in the form of hygienic packaging of this product due to CORONA pandemic in the country will be inevitable. This research has been done in order to provide intelligent packaging with the ability to detect microbial spoilage of rainbow trout. Fish fillet was packaged with H₂S gas sensor based on FeCl₃/Cellulose acetate. These packages were examined for total bacteria, temperatures swing, H₂S producing bacteria and Escherichia coli (1×10⁴ CFU/ml) during storage at 25 ° C for 3 days as well as storage at 4 ° C for 16 days. After imaging the correlation, the color changes of the sensor were calculated and evaluated as the color value. Sensor performance in terms of color change was significant (P <0.05) and the correlation between sensor color value and total bacterial growth in a 3-day period was 0.901. In order to accurately identify the growth of Escherichia coli, the correlation of Pearson color value and bacterial growth was equal to 0.932. Also, in the study the correlation between the color value with the number of total bacteria, temperatures swing bacteria and H₂S producing bacteria were 0.835, 0.869 and 0.836, respectively. Using a sensor with a combination of iron (III) chloride and cellulose acetate to determine the microbial spoilage of rainbow trout can be used in the future as a consumer-centric quality control method that can be commercialized.

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Sensory indices, microbal communities, qualitative parameters and fatty acids profile of smoked Kutum and Golden Mullet were evaluated at the Northern Iranian markets. Thus, the samples from selected markets were collected and analyzed and compared also with acceptable ranges. The results showed that there were differents in some indices between smoked Kutum and Golden Mullet such as color and texture as sensory, pH (6.30 and 7.74% respectively), total lipid (7.67 and 6.20 respectively), TBA (1.981 and 1.845 meqO₂/kg respectively) and FFA (0.95 and 1.22 % respectively) as chemicals and total muld and yeast (2.93 and 3.25 Logcfu/g, respectivly) as microbal communities (P<0.05). The results also showed that Halophillic and Anaerobic bacteria had higher and lower loads in smoked fish, respectively. While there were no differents in EPA and DHA fatty acids but most series like PUFA (30.35 and 19.67 g/100g), omega-3 (8.73 and 11.19 g/100g), omega-6 (21.52 and 8.49 g/100g) and ω-3/ ω-6 ratio (0.40 and 1.32) showed a difference between smoked Kutum and Golden Mullet, respectively (P<0.05). The results stated that chemical indices, nutritional values and microbal communities were in acceptable and freshness ranges in smoked products and their valuable fatty acid series were preserved.

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The berry tree is native to the dry climates such as Iran. Its fruit is juicy and rich in sugars, minerals and vitamins. Condensed mulberry extract has a lot of applications in various food industries as sweetener. The purpose of this study was to introduce a suitable method for production of high quality mulberry extract in order to prevent the loss of mulberries at the time of production peak and use the unique properties of berry fruit outside of the production season. In this project, three concentrating methods such as sunny, under conventional conditions and vacuum concentration were used to produce samples with desired brix of 65. Samples were packed in plastic pet bottles and kept in a lab environment away from sunlight for 3 months. Physicochemical experiments including pH, acidity, consistency, color, transparency and sensory properties such as flavor, aroma, concentration and total acceptance of samples were performed in two stages of 3 months and the results compared with each other. The results showed that the color factors L a b were more suitable in traditional samples. These factors decreased over time. The highest pH belonged to the industrial sample (4.84) and the lowest pH belonged to the sunny sample (4.61), and the pH of the samples decreased over time. The transparency of sunny sample (1.57) and industrial (0.804) were the highest and the lowest, respectively and transparency increased over time. In terms of sensory properties, the taste and aroma of traditional sample with scores (3) and (2.916) and the concentration of sunny sample with score (3.416) were the best samples. In conclusion, the traditional sample was selected, and the sunny sample was ranked second.

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In this paper authors have tried to evaluate the necessity of enactment of Art. 44 of Patents Registration and Industrial Designs and Trademarks  and tradenames 2007  i.e. quality control in trademark licenses.According to the article failure to perform quality control results in invalidation of trademark license.Philosophy behind this regulation would be trademark distinctiveness for consumers and importance of preventing confusion and misleading of consumers. According to our comparative study of different countries ”s legislations,  despite majority ”s disagreement whit this kind of regulation, minorities ”s  positions (like Iran and USA) is more reasonable and accurate as have been accepted by WIPO.This article ”s results show that the Art. 44 is an appropriate policy for Iran as a developing country. However this regulation should be amended especially in relation to merchandising trademark licenses, because in this kind of licenses, consumers  usually do not expect quality control form trademark holder.Lastly authors, having in mind draft law of protecting industrial property, suggested appropriate article for protection of consumers and effective commitment of licensors to quality control .

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Demographic parameters of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig reared on Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) were determined for 40 generations (G5-G40). The experiments were done in a growth chamber at 26±2°C, 65±5% RH and photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The results showed that the female longevity decreased significantly during successive production, ranging from 10.68 (in G5) to 9.64 days (in G40). On the other hand, the male longevity decreased significantly in the 20^th generation and no significant difference was found from G20 to G40. The oviposition days and mean total fecundity of T. embryophagum decreased as the number of generations increased. Generally, the wasps in earlier generations had longer adult longevity, longer life span, and higher fecundity than later generations. Moreover, sex ratio of T. embryophagum was not significantly different in successive generations. Results of paired bootstrap test indicated that all population growth parameters of T. embryophagum reared on S. cereallela were significantly different in successive generations. The highest and lowest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net Reproductive rate (R₀), Gross Reproductive Rate (GRR) and mean generation Time (T) of T. embryophagum were observed in G40 and G5, respectively. These results suggest that T. embryophagum wasps reared in sequential generations can be used successfully in biological control programs until the 20th generation without any loss of quality or performance; after that, regular rejuvenation of laboratory population by occasional importing of field-collected parasitoids should be done.