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The simile formation process is based on the combined function of the two paradigms of selection and combination; Selection of phenomena and their combination, which is done with the purpose of conceptualization and Meaning production. Each of the simile components in both axes of selection and combination act as a network in the meaningful communication; Therefore, the communication of the simile components creates a special semantic system. In this system, each of the components is considered as a sign and plays a certain semantic role. The issue of this research is to investigate the symbolic system of simile and explain the process of signification of its components. The aim is to determine how a discourse system emerges in the form of analogy and the process of producing meaning in it. For this purpose, it is shown in the analytical-explanatory method how the poet, in the role of the subject, interacts with the “simulated” as an object in a special situation, and the result of this interaction is the mental perception that is determined by the “simulated to”. The result of the research shows that simile has a symbolic system and this system is associated with discursive, phenomenological-perceptual aspects and dynamic flow of meaning.
 

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Abstract Placing Informaiton Technology staff in suitable job positions of employees, regarding their skills and knowledge is very important. However, percepting it as a difficult issue or inability in dealing with them leads to superficial, non-scientific and haphazard decisions within enterprises. The very important note in this matter is the large quantity and variety of indicators that affect the recruitment of IT staff, as well as the qualitative, vague and fuzzy nature of employment that makes it difficult to decide about selecting the righ professional. In this paper, after collecting the important criteria in evaluation of eight IT occupational groups, we define intervals for each of core skills in eight IT occupational groups by seeking experts opinions through Fuzzy Delphi technique.In the next step, we design a fuzzy expert system with Matlab fuzzy toolbox for IT personnel selection that its inputs are the score in each skill and the outputs are his/her grade in each IT occupational group. The findings of this research can be useful for managers in employeeing IT professionals and in their purposeful educational planning for IT occupational groups.  

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Employees good placement, regarding their skills and knowledge are issues that there is no doubt in their importance. However taking them difficult or inability in dealing with them, has been led to superficial, non-scientific and decisions without planning in that enterprises. The first step in a good decision making process in this case is identification of important employment criteria and their levels. But highly important are the large number and variety of indicators that affect the recruitment of IT staff. Though their qualitative, vague and fuzzy nature makes it difficult for making decision in IT professional selection. In this paper, after collecting the important criteria in evaluating of eight IT occupational groups, we defined intervals for each of core skills in eight IT occupational groups with asking from experts via Fuzzy Delphi method. At the next step, we designed a fuzzy expert system with Matlab fuzzy toolbox for IT personnel selection that it's inputs are person's score in each skill and uotputs are his/her grade in each IT occupational group. Key words: Selection, General

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The objective of this study was to classify the Shoosh Aquifer to several zones with different water quality in Khuzestan Province, Iran. In this regard, the performance of classification methods (Discriminant function and Cluster analysis) for the classification of groundwater based on the level of pollution with an emphasis on the problem of over-fitting in training data were considered. An over-fitted model will generally have poor predictiveperformance, as it can exaggerate minor fluctuations in the data. Cluster Analysis(CA) was adopted to spatially explain the similarity of sampling stations with respect to measured parameters. Three methods for variable selection were used including regularized discriminant analysis, principal component analysis and Wilks's lambda method. The best algorithm for variable selection was Wilks'lambda which resulted in reducing the generalization error of the test sample to 0.1 for leave-one-out and 4-fold cross-validation. The second best performed algorithm was regularized discriminant function with 0.167 and 0.133 misclassification error for the two above-mentioned methods, respectively. Principal component analysis did not proved to be a promising algorithm for variable selection in the classification methods.

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Although linguists have been studying the “News” as a type of text for a long period of time, the researches have been mainly of the product-oriented types, which purely analyze the news texts and their linguistic characteristics. Linguists and media researchers have been mainly keen to determine sets of criteria known as “News Values” so far, and the result is various lists of media and linguistic news selection norms. The goal of this article is finding answer for the following questions: How news production process can be orchestrated in a linguistic model? What are the linguistic news values? and How these linguistic values correlate with other selection criteria? In addition to revisiting the theoretical notion of “News Values” and introducing the “Grice Maxims” as the linguistic criteria of news composition, this paper, as a descriptive analytical study based on field work, also represents the multi-level model of news composition and selection based on linguistically oriented findings. The mentioned model not only determines and explains different levels of news composition and selection process from the event to the news, but also puts the role of macro-structural elements of news discourse production such as ideology, relations of power and composition in the center of attention.

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Supplier selection Problem is one of the most important issues in the field of supply chain management and has become a survival factor in a competitive environment. This is a multi-criteria problem that can influence supply chain performance. The aim of this study is proposing an appropriate multi-criteria decision making model for optimal supplier selection. This research performed in Barfdaneh Company and firstly, the important criteria for mineral bottle cap suppliers’ selection were identified based on research literature and interviews with managers. Then, two questionnaires were used for assembling managers’ viewpoints. According to the first questionnaire, the importance of criteria were evaluated. Then, the relative weights of criteria were determined using fuzzy Delphi analytical hierarchy process (FDAHP). Based on second questionnaire, three suppliers were evaluated based on defined criteria. Finally, according to both questionnaires, suppliers were evaluated and ranked by VIKOR method.    

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Translating of the Quran, either fully or partially, has started from its descending time and its evolutionary movement has continued until now. Continuous scientific criticism of the various translations of this sacred work can prepare the ground for advancement of Qur'an translations and also can pave the way to an ideal goal that is a precise translation containing all the delicacies of the original text. So, with the approach of technical and literary pathology of translation, the present study aims to investigate the issue of translators' errors when attempting to translate Asma al-hosna to Persian.

In so doing, data about 43 of these non-selective names were extracted from the Quran.After separating all relevant data and determining their frequency and lexical categories, their equivalents were selected from 35 contemporary Persian translations of the Holy Qur'an. Then they were analyzed in a general and thematic critique method and errors due to translator's oversight were described and classified.

It was found that translators have contravened translation principles in at least 11 cases. Some of these errors include: not observing the consistency in translation; not observing the translation brevity; proposing unfamiliar and incomprehensible equivalents for commonalty; using undue ellipsis; choosing diverse equivalents for the same syntactic structures and using unnecessary structural changes. 

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One methods to critique translation is its assessment in order to determine the quality of the translation including the patterns presented in this type of evaluation and critique based on the Garces's evaluation model. This study intends to critique and evaluate the lexical selections of Hadad Adel, Moezzi, and Ansariyan's translation in verses 29 and 30 of the holy Qur'a according to the proposed Graces model at semantic-lexical level and seeks to determine extent to which Haddad Adel, Moezzi, and Ansarian's translations conform with the Garces's modelboth lexically and semantically. The study is rather a descripive-analytic one in terms of design. The findings indicate that the translations of the translators can be critiqued and evaluated in terms components of Garce 's model in a way that the translations of each translator can be regarded as an explanation (explanatory and lexical explanation), or as plenty of parallels, parallelism, syntactic expansions, and the transmission of ambiguity. Verification of the correspondence of translations with the semantic-lexical level of the Graces model shows that the Ansarian's translation in all of this level, except for the syntactic note, enjoys the highest level of correspondence with the semantic-lexical level, and secondly, the Hadad Adel's translation is used moderately at this level. In such a way that all of these levels are observed in their translations. Finally, the Moezzi's translation due to its literal translation enjoys the highest match except for the syntactic note among other cases and the lowest level of applicability and utilization of the Garces's model.
 

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design of two phrase mathematical model for green supply chain Green supply chain has attracted considerable attention of the governments and organizations over the past decades. The objective of this research is to suggest an integrated approach for green supply chain management including two stages. In the first stage, a TOPSIS-Fuzzy approach was presented to consider uncertainty in human’s judgment. In the second stage, we applied a robust Multi Objective Mixed-Integer linear Programming model to design the green supply chain network. Although many researches have been conducted on green supply chain management, most of them have not given enough importance to integrate decision making in supply chain. Moreover, most of former researches assume that supply chain is a balanced system. Also very few studies have considered carbon emission and the related issues in supplier evaluation which cause on overall warming and pollution of the planet. The model was designed for an active company in glass industry. results have revealed that the model is capable of controlling the network uncertainties.

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In this study, 174 leaf samples from main apple growing areas in Kurdistan and western Azarbaijan Provinces were examined for infection by Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). The result of RT-PCR showed that 17 samples (9.7%) were infected by ACLSV in both provinces. Subsequently, the genetic structure of ACLSV was determined based on the full coat protein (CP) sequences of eight isolates from this study and those recently published from Iran and worldwide. In phylogenetic analysis, ACLSV isolates from apple clustered into three known phylogenetic types; B6, P205, and SHZ, which are characterized by three amino acids at positions of 40, 75 and 79. The new Iranian ACLSV isolates showed the CP amino acid sequence of Ser⁴⁰-Tyr⁷⁵-Glu⁷⁹ which placed them with the B6 type. Further analyses showed that the Iranian ACLSV isolates (the new and previously published isolates) had lower genetic variability compared to isolates from other countries except for Brazilian population. Most of the CP codons were under negative selection (dN/dS < 1) except for one codon at position 92 which was under positive selection. This study suggests that negative selection was most important evolutionary factor driving the genetic evolution of ACLSV.
 

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“Selecting right Person for the right job” in the organizations seems to be the most important managerial issue. Traditionally, this is realized through a “simple Job- Person Match”, which is an “Individual view”. This methodology, by some trends and paradigm shift in human resource management (i.e. Team Working), should be evolved to a “Group viwe”. In this study, “interpersonal interactions” is added to the traditional one. First, the suggested model for personnel selection and placement is formulated into a Quadratic mathematical form and then a Hopfield neural network has been used to solve it by using Matlab software, a well known and validated software for neural nets. The results show, there is a significant difference between the mean of solutions by traditional view (based on individual level) and the mean of solutions by the new suggensted one (based on group level): t(19) = - 10.966, P-Value=0.000.

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The Model of a Global Strategic Supplier Selection in Supply Chain (Case of Iran Automotive Industry) Globalization is one of the important changes in the 21 century that increased competitions around the world in national, local and international tread and business. Thus production transferred from a national and limited decision to a global and strategic issue. Many competition rules and foundations were changed and redefined in the new situation. This paper studies one of the important aspects of this problem, that is supplier selection, considering two points: 1)world class manufacturing (WCM) conditions, 2)Strategic cooperation. We designed a new model that can select a global strategic supplier, which is tested in Iran auto motive industry supply chain management. This model is very suitable for Iran and other similar countries, and tries to find a suitable answer to this key question, that our managers: is faced with Which supplier should be selected as a part of our supply chain, to improve company company ability, at global production dimansions This model is called »Mogbel – Goudarzi global strategic supplier selection model« or »strategic diamond«.

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Reviewing literature of the international market attractiveness evaluation and operational practice in Iran demonstrates that two approaches for international market selection are proposed: expansion approack and systematic approach. In expansion approach, firms gradually enter low geographical and cuftural distance markets. But, in systematic approach, by considering some factors and models, firms systematically evaluate and select foreign market(s). The importance and need for systematically evaluating and selecting potential foreign markets has been stressed by many researchers and several models for selecting international markets had been propos. But, current models do not pass the test of reality, because they are not adapted with exporter decision making process and they are not considered important aspect of reality. So, in this paper, we introduce a comprehensive international market attractiveness model that include demand attractiveness, attainment attractiveness, adaptation attractiveness and competition attractiveness. At last, according to the tested model, a fuzzy decision support system is developed.

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Abstracts This paper presents how the genetic algorithm (GA) can be applied to design of cascade stilling basins. Genetic Algorithm is adaptive method, which can be used to solve search and optimization problems over a period of generations, based upon the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest ones. The objective of this research is to minimize total cost of construction effectively which is a function of height of falls and length of stilling basins, while fulfilling the hydraulic and topographical criteria. The efficiency of GA discussed here has been tested for a benchmark example and the result for this algorithm is compared with the other method introduced by Vittal and Porey. The results clearly reveal superiority of the GA algorithm

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Aims: Due to high building density and lack of adequate open space in large and growing cities, the possibility of developing green spaces as elements controlling air pollution and urban heat island has decreased. One possible solution is to use the vertical surfaces of buildings to develop vertical greeneries. The right choice of vertical greenery systems according to internal and external factors affecting the system is the key to their success and development. This choice includes the correct choice of each of the four components of the system, including plants, growing media, supporting system, and irrigation/ drainage systems.
Methods: In this study, the factors affecting the selection of these systems were collected and explained through field observation and review and analysis of previous researches and were divided into four general categories based on the effect on each of the main components. Then, through a questionnaire from green wall experts, the prioritization of these factors was evaluated using the Five-point Likert scale. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbachchr('39')s Alpha, Friedman, and Spearmanchr('39')s correlation tests, and presented.
Results: The results showed that external factors: "budget", "type of selected plants", "type of vertical greenery system" and "climatic conditions (temperature and humidity)" and also the internal factor: "structural characteristics and building materials" have had the greatest impact on the choice of these systems.
Conclusion: Paying attention to the importance of each of these factors and the prioritizations can help in organized decision making and optimal selection of vertical greenery systems.

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Annually, millions of rainbow trout frys are produced in Iranian hatcheries, however, millions of selected stocks of rainbow trout eyed eggs are also imported for breeding in farms. Despite the interest of many rainbow trout farmers to use imported fish for breeding, there is no clear information about the superiority of growth and survival of these imported strains over the rainbow trout that are produced in Iranian hatcheries. For this purpose, in the present study, the growth parameters of 432 individuals of either imported Spanish and Iranian strains of rainbow trout reared in 12 ponds using both river and spring water sources (four treatments and three replicates) were investigated and compared for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, a significantly higher weight and length gain, and specific growth rate was observed in Spanish rainbow trout compared to Iranian strain in both water sources (river and spring) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the food conversion factor was significantly lower in Spanish strain than Iranian rainbow trout) (p < 0.05). These results showed that the selection breeding could remarkably enhance growth performance and consequently cause more production and profit for rainbow trout farmers.

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One of the most important permanence factors in today’s competition environment is decreasing of the cost of the products. Selecting the appropriate suppliers can significantly reduce the purchasing cost and increase organization competitiveness. It is due to the fact that in most industries, the cost of raw material and component parts includes the main cost of a product. The aim of this paper was to introduce a fuzzy decision making approach for supplier selection problems in supply chain. Most of such decisions are unstructured and many of the performance criteria such as quality, cost, flexibility and delivery time to determine the best supplier should be considered. In this paper, verbal variables were used for evaluation and determination of the performance of supplier under each criterion and determination of the weight of the criteria. Verbal variables were described by means of the triangular and trapezoid fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, the priority and the rank of suppliers by fuzzy multi-criteria decision making were determined. Finally, an example was presented to the process of decision making.

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One of the important problems in seismic rehabilitation studies of existing structures is opportune decision making about ending or continuance of various stages rehabilitation in order to save time and cost. About that we can use decision maker systems to solve this problem and to give more rational assessment about that problem. This paper presents a procedure based on Fuzzy Logic that classifies structures into qualitative seismic hazard categories. The purpose of this study is to get a model that can speed existing structures seismic rehabilitation primary studies and also to prompt decision making about continuance of study process. In order to account real world data, in addition to expert’s knowledge, groups of school seismic rehabilitation data of different cities of Iran have been used for modeling. In order to reduce the input space and increase generalization ability of the system, a feature selection method has been applied to the data. Among available parameters of data, significant parameters have been selected by Decision Tree Learning method. Then, Fuzzy Membership Functions corresponding to these parameters have been defined. Appropriate defining of these functions, we can insinuate factors such as uncertainty on that parameter in computations also. Afterwards, the Fuzzy System has been designed by conditional regulations. It is worth to say that these regulations are optimizedcompletely. In order to ease the process of risk assessment based on this model, software named “Rapid Seismic Risk Evaluation” (RSRE) has been developed. Thus, we have a model that by inputting 7 entrance parameters of a structure (both structural and geotechnical parameters corresponding to existing structure), generates its seismic risk level. The proposed procedure has advantages among the rest we can recount the possibility of modeling uncertainties, inputting structural information qualitative and high speed of risk analysis process. It is clear that using Fuzzy Logic not only lead to more simple formation, but also speed the rate of risk analysis process intensely, that this case is one of the most important advantages of the proposed method. In order to scrutiny of the designed model, various controls have been done. These controls have been tested on different data. Outcome results are representative high accuracy of designed model. Finally, in order to survey the efficiency of proposed procedure, the designed model has been applied to some of Tehran and its suburb school structures and outcome results have been compared with main data real results. Outcome results are representative good efficiency of the method. We should notice that using Fuzzy Concluder Systems lead to speed structure risk analysis and so decision making about various stages of structure rehabilitation is performed with more rate than previous. Thus, use of procedure that proposed in this paper, can has suitable applications in rapid seismic risk evaluation of studied structures in first stage of rehabilitation process.