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Introduction
The Islamic parliament election, as the mid-level of elections in the Country, have always been the focus of experts and the public minds. It is worth noting that the presence of people to participate in elections and the extent of their participation varies from constituency to constituency and from one period to another. This difference in participation has led to the emergence of different constituencies, according to this, the electoral behavior of people in different constituencies toward each other can be examined.
The data of this article show that the electoral behavior of people in Arak, Komijan and Khondab constituencies has not been influenced by local factors. The present study is based on the theory that the political orientation of the elected president and the large scale-National currents affect the electoral behavior of Arak, Komijan and Khondab constituencies.
Methodology
The data which is required for this study is collected by the Library-method and analyzed by Descriptive-Analytical method. The result of the research shows that political parties which are affected by the large scale-National currents will influence the outcome of the election and the political tendency of the chosen Parliament members in constituencies of Arak, Komijan and Khondab.
Result and discussion
 From the third to eleventh term of the Islamic parliament, 18 people entered the parliament, of which 7 were reformists and 11 others were from the United Front of Fundamentalists and Conservatives. In other words, 38.9% of the representatives were reformists and 61.1% were conservatives. It is considerable that in these 9 elections, none of the elected representatives was independent, each of them was a member of the two prominent parties in the country. This statistic indicates that ethnic and local factors have not had an effect on the electoral behavior of the people in this constituency.
Conclusion
It is considerable that in these 9 elections, none of the elected representatives was independent, each of them was a member of the two prominent parties in the country. Generally, this study states that the political orientation of the elected president and the large scale-National currents affect the electoral behavior of the mentioned constituencies. The next point is that the impact of the metropolis of Arak as the center of the province on the other two cities in this area is significant and the other two have not nominated a candidate for the parliament due to the small population or have not been able to enter the Islamic Parliament. Another important point is that the parties have been able to return the spatial pattern of voting by eliminating the local identity factor in their favor. Factors such as political and economic development, literacy level, common language and religion of the people of the metropolis of Arak have caused their electoral behavior to be influenced by national factors instead of ethnic attitudes and local factors. On the other hand, the strategic location of the metropolis of Arak due to its location on the expressway from the North to the South of the Country and the existence of many access roads has caused this city to become an economic and cultural center and this factor brings opinion and orientation of people of Arak closer to the people of the capital. Finally, the article hypothesis is confirmed.

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This paper attempts to specify tourism spatial pattern of Esfahan city. The tourism spatial is part of the city which catches the attention of most tourists. The aim of this research is to identify its tourism spatial in relation to social and physical space as well as tourists movement and behavior. The result of this study shows that tourism spatial of Esfahan includes central and historical part of the city.

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Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the spatial patterns of water quality and its controlling factors in the Mazandaran coastal ecosystem during winter using the multivariate analysis methods.
Materials and methods: Water quality parameters such as nutrients, temperature, conductivity, salinity, DO, pH, chlorophyll-a and turbidity were measured monthly in 16 stations (44 layers) along 4 transects (Amirabad, Babolsar, Noushahr and Ramsar). To evaluate the data, several multivariate statistical methods were used including discriminant function analysis, cluster and factor analysis as well as correlation test.
Findings: Results of cluster analysis showed that the sampling sites (44 layers) were classified into 4 groups. Based on discriminant analysis, 93.20% of the sampling sites correctly classified. Factor analysis extracted 4 principal components that explained 74.05% of the total variance. Based on these analyses, organic phosphorus, organic nitrogen, turbidity, chlorophyll-a and temperature were the most effective parameters on the spatial variation of water quality.
Conclusion: This study suggested that the number of sampling locations could be reduced to 3 transects including Amirabad, Babolsar and west coasts (Noushahr and Ramsar) and 2 stations (one surface layer and one deep layer). Transport of nutrients from land, sea floor and fish cage culture were the most effective factors on spatial patterns of water quality in Mazandaran coasts. Based on the results, multivariate statistical methods are also introduced as one of the useful methods for identifying the spatial pattern of water quality.

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Aims: Iranian architecture has been studied from different aspects. Shape Grammar is an analytical tool for studying the styles and history of architecture that has the ability to provide a common language and conceptual framework, a coherent and integrated form to study the geographical differences and evolution of Iranian architecture.

In this research, the first step to compile this common grammar of Iranian architecture has been taken by compiling a grammar of a specific form related to the traditional houses of Kashan.

Methods: Out of 100 heritage houses, 19 samples were selected by random / judgmental sampling method. By analyzing the samples, minimal rules are presented.

Findings: The grammar presented in 4 steps produces the formal structure and the spatial relationships between the forms. A valid range of variables and an algebraic expression are presented. Also, with the help of grammar, the spaces in the samples have been typologized. In Kashan houses, the most important spaces, spaces with a width of 5, can be divided into 8 types based on the shape structure. In terms of spatial relationships between components, 6 specific types of relationships between the internal components of each of the previous form structures can be identified, which are described in the findings section.

Conclusion: The proposed grammar can be a coherent structure for the study of Iranian architecture. It can also be used as a suitable tool for typology. Provide the possibility of comparison as well as the relationship between different species and make the studies coherent.

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Multi-channels Electroencephaloram (EEG) needs a long preparation time for electrode installation. Furthermore, using a large number of EEG channels may contain redundant and noisy signals which may deteriorate the performance of the system. Therefore, channels reduction is a necessary step to save preparation time, enhance the user convenience and retain high performance for an EEG-based system. In this study, we present a simple and practical EEG-based emotion recognition system by optimizing the channels number based on two different Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) channel reduction methods. We applied feature extraction based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and classification method based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) which make our proposed system an efficient and easy-to-setup emotion recognition system. According to experimental results, the proposed system using small number of channels not only does not increase the error of the system, but also improves the performance of the system compared to the use of total number of channels.    

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Leaf rust is one of the most important diseases and influences the sustainable cultivation of wheat. Therefore, for the first time in Iran, the spatial pattern and temporal progress of this disease were assessed in five wheat cultivars, including Chamran 2, Star, Ofogh, Kavir, and Boolani, with different resistance levels in 2015-16 and 2016-17 cropping years. In both years, disease progress curves (DPC_S) showed a sigmoid-like shape, and the rate curves had an obvious inflection point, both the features of Gompertz and logistic models. Plots of transformed, predicted disease intensity values and residual patterns indicated that disease intensity data fit closely with Gompertz and logistic models. Gompertz and logistic models with a bit of variation gained R² above 90 % in all cultivars. Based on the results, there is no direct relationship between cultivar resistance and best-fitted models, as in both years, logistic and Gompertz models fitted properly with disease intensity data for all cultivars. In the Gompertz model, the mean rate of increase (rG) per unit of disease in the resistance (Chamran 2) and susceptible (Boolani) cultivars were 0.052 and 0.09, respectively, and in the logistic model (rL) were 0.12 and 0.144, respectively. Results indicated that in the first weeks after the appearance of the disease symptoms, the spatial pattern of diseased plants was aggregated, and the amount of the dispersion index and lloyd’s Index of Patchiness in the first and second years were 8.9, 9, and 1.3, 1.2, respectively. Three weeks after data collection, the spatial pattern became random.

 

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The interest for the spatial dimensions of agricultural development has been recently increased. This paper aimed at redefining the spatial patterns of agriculture to formulate appropriate strategies based on regional potentials. A Composite Agricultural Development Indicator (CADI), which is useful for the identification of spatial structure, has been developed. The developed composite Index (CI) includes five dimensions of Agricultural Development: (1) social-cultural, (2) structural-farming, (3) technical-management, (4) economical-financial, and (5) infrastructural-services and consists of 87 indicators selected at the county level. Indicators were normalized according to a coherent framework and using the division by means technique and were combined via weightings derived from Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The evaluation of agricultural development based on desired CADI was used to map the spatial development patterns at county level. Province counties are compared and ranked in order to show the spatial gap between them. Then, spatial development patterns were divided into three zones based on CADI. Results showed that the nature of spatial agricultural development firstly depends on the service and infrastructural development and secondly on utilization of natural and physical endowments.

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One of the most important factors in a sampling and integrated pest management program is to know the population density and spatial pattern of the insects, especially the invasive ones such as Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) that cause a serious problem in tomato cultivation. Therefore, population density and spatial distribution pattern of T. absoluta was determined in Varamin region (Tehran, Iran) during two growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 on seven tomato cultivars ('Primo Early', 'Rio Grande', 'Cal JN3', 'Petomech', 'Early Urbana Y', 'Super Strain B', and 'Super 2270'). The T. absoluta density was estimated as active mines (with live larvae) and inactive mines (without live larvae) per plant, which, summed together, resulted in the total infestation (total mines per plant). In 2015, the highest mean number of total mines made by T. absoluta was on 'Cal JN3' (21.82 mines plant^-1) and the lowest mean was on 'Early Urbana Y' (11.08 mines plant^-1). In 2016, the highest and lowest mean population density of T. absoluta was observed on 'Cal JN3' (14.44 larvae plant^-1) and 'Super Strain B' (4.60 larvae plant^-1), respectively. The spatial distribution pattern of T. absoluta was determined by using Morisita's coefficient, Taylor's power law, and Iwao's patchiness regression method as well as dispersion index of variance-to-mean-ratio. The dispersion index indicated the aggregated pattern of spatial distribution in all tomato cultivars during both years. Taylor's and Iwao's models showed aggregated pattern of distribution on Primo Early' and 'Early Urbana Y', respectively, in 2015 and on 'Super 2270' in 2016. But, on the rest of cultivars, the pattern was determined random. Also, Morisita's coefficient revealed a random distribution pattern for T. absoluta in all of the sampling dates. The smallest optimum sample sizes were estimated with Taylors' coefficients. These results revealed that tomato cultivars affected the population density and spatial distribution pattern of T. absoluta. The coefficients of the spatial pattern can be used for improving the sampling program to estimate the population density of T. absoluta accurately.

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