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The region of North Africa and the Middle East is considered one of the important geopolitical regions, which has been the focus of regional and extra-regional powers for a long time. Meanwhile, in the last days of 2010, Tunisia witnessed massive protests due to the self-immolation of a young man named Mohamed Bouazizi, which entered a new phase on January 14, 2011, when Ben Ali fled. During Ben Ali's time, Tunisia had very close relations with the United States of America and France, but after the popular protests of these countries, they demanded to accept the structural changes in this country. In the meantime, the Islamic Republic of Iran also opened relations with Tunisia after the revolution in this country due to historical, religious and cultural affinities. Therefore, we can witness the expansion of relations between the two countries in the regional and international arena. This article seeks to answer this question, what factors are effective in the geopolitical relations between Iran and Tunisia in the era after the Arab Spring? In the current research, the descriptive-analytical method and Dimetal technique were used. The findings of the research showed that variables such as trade development, diplomatic relations, holding cultural events, increasing the sensitivity of Arab countries towards Iran, strategic economic dialogues and agreements, Shiite associations and alliances in Tunisia, Shiism in Tunisia, cultural diplomacy. And... in the region, it has shown a high importance in the relations between the two countries after the Arab Spring. Therefore, in order to succeed in its relations with Tunisia, the Islamic Republic of Iran should make the most of its economic and Shiite factors.

 

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The effect of four light intensities (0, 100, 2000 and 5000 lux) on some reproductive charachteristicsof Artemiaurmianabroodstocks was investigated. 30 male and female individuals were reared in 3 liter containers until the death of all females over the consecutive weeks. Results showed significant differences in terms of average weekly offspring productions among the treatments. The broodstocks cultured in 5000 lux had an increasing trend in offspring production from the first to the fifth week, but a decreasing trend from the sixth to the tenth week. A relatively similar situation was observed in the 2000 lux treatment. The broodstocks cultured in 0 and 100 lux intensities had reduction fluctuations in offspring production from the first to the sixth and seventh weeks, respectively. The highest percentages of egg-sac females were observed in the early and mid-raising weeks, showing the maximum in the mid-week (until the fifth week) in all treatments. In most weeks, a considerable increase was detected in the encysted embryos production in the broodstocks reared in 0 and 100 lux intensities as compared with 2000 and 5000 lux intensities. The survival percentage of broodstocks at the end of the fifth week was 95, 86, 23 and 30 % (in order from high to low levels of light intensities).Considering the increased production of offspring and higher survival rate in the broodstocks as well as the increase in egg-sacsfemales (during the first five weeks), it is recommended that the light intensity of 5000 lux is useful for the mass culture of A. urmianain hatchery reared broodstock.

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In Ilam Kurdish culture, like Jalali Calendar, there are 12 months which are completely different from Jalali Calendar months from the viewpoint of beginning time and naming .In this culture there are three months in each season, each of them lasts for 30 days. In Ilam Kurdish Culture the season of the fall is posterior to the summer. Among Iranian ethnic groups, and   especially among Ilam Kurds  which is the focus of this research the spring contains the  most  traditions of chronometry in comparison to three other seasons of the year. None of them contains the various occasions which are found  in spring. The occasions of this season are not equal to  all of the occasions which can be seen  in the remaining season. The beginning and the end of spring for Ilam Kurds are not the same as for solar calendar. The spring and the new year in this region starts from the second day of Bahman with the month of Gia Barik (when the plants are newly grown) and contains the ceremonies of ''Shali Mali'', Ash-i  Keiwanouy-i Awal-i Wahar (the soup prepared by an old woman for the beginning of spring) in 13th day of Bahman ''Shalah o Sheixali'',the Ceremony of Ga Heul (a cow with light red color),''Chel Bera'' (forty  brothers), and  Bezen Gotegah (A goat having sharp-pointed short ears) in 15th of Bahman Occur in this month. The  months of  Gia-Jeman (when the plants start growing) and Nawrouz Mang (the month of the new day) Whose names have been derived from the nature, are the other two  month of spring season with a great deal    of splendid  ceremonies. The 6th of  Ordibehesht  is the day when the spring ends. The five days of Pentad (Panjeh) which are the religious aspect of this calendar, are the delicate points of Kurdish calendar.

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In this study, the list of Collembola from west of Iran and collection information such as study site, habitats, e.g. soils, grasslands, leaf-litter, vegetation, snowfields, etc., and collectors has been presented between years 2013-3018. Moreover some samples were collected and the identified by the author during 2017-2018. In the last case, Collembolans were extracted using the respirator or Berlese funnels. When greater clearing was required, Nesbitt's solution (40g chloral hydrate, 25 mL distilled water, and 2.5 mL concentrated acetic acid) was used for heavily pigmented specimens. In the first Iranian checklist of Collembola published in 2013, 17 species, 15 genera and seven families were introduced from west of Iran. After review and analysis of the available literature and the examination of samples collected by the author from west of Iran, were listed 88 species, belonging to 42 genera, 16 families and four orders. The genus Entomobrya and Folsomia are having highest number of species for analyzed region. An up-to-date systematic checklist of Collembolans has been provided.

 

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Tourism industry is one the most successful industries of the world in in perspective of gaining income. Gaining of plenteous currency incomes, extension of cultural scientific relations, creating occupations directly and indirectly and representation of country›s security and stability are considered among consequences and achievements of its extension in every country. In today competitive world, various countries, with introducing their touristic graces try to improve their economic status. One of various kinds of tourism which is recently introduced is Geotourism. This word is an intercourse term composed from two words geo with the meaning of earth and tourism. Geotourism is a particular form of tourism industry in which geological tourism is the focus of attention. Experts collectively agree on this matter that Geotourism creates a great potential for many regions which don’t have touristic prosperity. Geotourism industry was formally born in the world in 1955. About 150 to 200 years ago in England, Adam Sedvic for the first time provided geology tours for those who were interested. Lifetime of Woodvardin University museum returns to 1728, this is the first public museum dedicated to applied geology in geology organization which is outfitted with tools of geology interpretation since that date. In midst 1990s Geotourism was increasingly discussed and studied among tourism industry, politicians, advocates of environment protection, geographers, geologists and similar scientific assemblies. Leaders of Geotourism in the world were those who had intercourse studies and activities. For example, Dr. Thomas E. House well known with English name House was the first one in the world who after Adam Sedvic provided an academic definition for Geotourism in 1995 and in this definition has introduced Geotourism something above aesthetical attitude to geological phenomena. Another world leader is professor Russ Kingston Dowling who has many books in various grounds of tourism, ecotourism and finally Geotourism and this is while purely geological attitude to Geotourism in most cases is confined to geo diversity studies and takes the scholar away from contents of geological interpretations and intercourse and multicourse studies of tourism. In 2006, Russ Kingston Dowling and David Newsum in (universal) Geotourism book by extensive drafting of attention to geological tourism, provided a logical answer to Jonathan Tortolut 3 from national geography magazine of America (2012) who simply believes that visiting of all historical –cultural – natural heritages (so that helps stable development and local societies) is Geotourism. In Iran, many students and scholars have worked for introducing Geotourism. One year after Mohammadhasan Nabavi suggestion in 1378 in eighteenth seminar of geology regarding identification of beauties of country›s earth, the work of identifying beauties and geology diversity of the country began. After that in 2006, Alireza Amri Kazemi and Abbas Mehrpouya entered a list of Iran geological diversity to fifth chapter of Geotourism book written by Ross Dowling and David Newsum. Many specialized studies have been performed about surveying of mineral and thermal springs in Iran but lees work is done on touristic aspects of theses springs. Therefore, providing a method for evaluation of touristic value of thermal springs as an important Geotourism in our country is a task which is not surveyed. In this study, a method for evaluation of Geotourism value is offered based on modified Pralong method. For reaching to the score of spring tourism beauty, scientific, cultural, efficiency and economical scales have been investigated in the format of Pralong model. Since Pralong model only notes scales and subscales of tourism score, it has been modified using experts› views. This method addresses evaluation of tourism scaleand place efficiency scale. Its tourism scale can be analyzed and assessed from four aspects: outward beauty, scientific, cultural – historical and social – economical. Tourism scale of a place is obtained from average of these four scale and weight of any of aspects of tourism scale is not more or less than others. Place outward beauty scale addresses its visual and spectacular aspects. Scientific scale is assessed based on criterions like scarcity and didactic position. In evaluation of cultural scale artistic aspects and cultural conventions of the place are emphasized and finally, economic value of each place depends on its exploitable characteristics and Entrepreneurship in the ground of tourism and recreation. In Pralong method, scales and subscales have equal weight in relation to each other, while in multi scale decision making methods usually weight of scales and subscales are different. Especially in the debate of Iran Geotourism equating of these scales won›t entail correct results. Since weight determination was a difficult task, people were asked to categorize scales in precedence order and then regarding to precedence, scales and subscales were weighed. For weighing the following formula was used. In this formula, Wi is i th scale weight and Ri precedence of scale i and n is the number of scales. With several rounds of field study and attendance in the region and obtained raw data, scores of scales were calculated according to tables 4 to 9 with two methods of Pralong and modified Pralong. These numbers show the tourism scale of region as 0.379 in Pralong method and 0.441 in modified Pralong. These numbers are indicative of a favorable status in understudy region in respect of creating touristic recreational facilities for developing a geotouristic system. Of course, %16 growth of modified Pralong score shows more attention to this region regarding to Iranian reporters point of view toward Mr. Pralong view, so that even in its neighborhood another system for creating a geo park is notable (figure 6). But despite the regions potential capabilities, the level and quality of efficiency was evaluated low. Of course regarding to weights of modified Pralong method, this level with %37 growth is in high intermediate category which shows lower efficiency expectancy level of Iranian society than Mr. Pralong method. Then, still some tasks should be done for increasing efficiency quality of this spring and despite implementation of the design of country›s water therapy development and provision of universal design of Joshan hot water by Oghaf organization, effective measurements have not yet been performed for right exploitation of the region. Joshan hot water spring due to closeness to center of province, possessing therapeutic attribute, existence of novel geomorphological and geological perspectives and appropriate weather condition in case of observation of stable tourism principle, decentralization and budget assignment, development of infrastructural, sanitarian, residential and recreational facilities and exertion of service and facility standards can turn to one of the greatest hydrotherapy centers in southeast of the country. One of advantages of the method offered in this study is the calculation of development effect of each of mentioned facilities in increasing the level of tourism score of this Geotourism. Even with evaluation of this method, we can have a comparison between various places in relation with each other for other Geotourism regions of the province.

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Abstract
The appearance of comparative literature in Algeria has been influenced by different risings and fallings after entering French men to Algeria in 1830, this country involved in the colonizing movements, at first, they tried to change people’s language and culture, hence most of comparative studies have been influenced by this condition, therefore, they were written in French. Finally, it was in 1962 that this country entered the political spring after people’s revolution, therefore, Arabic language entered comparative studies by re-examining Algeria in European works such as French and Germany people, there were found some universities in comparative literature and other literary branches and international conferences, in order to develop the comparative men in Algeria in developing comparative literature analysis in the survey of comparative literature in Algeria by classification of contemporary history into colonization and post-colonization. literature in Algeria by classification of contemporary history into colonization and post-colonization.
Keywords: Algeria, Comparative Literature, Colonization, Political Spring, French and Arabic Language.

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In the present work, investigation on flow boiling heat transfer of R-134a inside a horizontal tube and also the tubes with coiled wire inserts has been done experimentally. The experimental setup which was used in this investigation was a well instrumented vapor compression refrigeration system. This set-up consists a test evaporator which all the experiments were carried out on it. Refrigerant which flows inside the tube of test evaporator is electrically heated by the coils around it. The evaporator tube is a copper tube with 7.5 mm internal diameter. The range of some operating parameters are: refrigerant mass velocities 54-136 kg/m2s, vapor qualities 0.2-1.0 and heat fluxes 2-6 kW/m2. The empirical data were collected for plain tube and tubes with seven different coiled wire inserts (different coil pitches and different wire diameters). The results show that the insertion of a helically coiled wire inside the evaporator tube increases the heat transfer coefficient by as much as 83% above the plain tube values on a nominal area basis. An empirical correlation was developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling of R-134a inside horizontal coiled wire inserted tubes.

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Abstract In the present work, investigation on flow boiling heat transfer of R-134a inside a horizontal tube and also the tubes with coiled wire inserts has been done experimentally. The experimental setup which was used in this investigation was a well instrumented vapor compression refrigeration system. This set-up consists a test evaporator which all the experiments were carried out on it. Refrigerant which flows inside the tube of test evaporator is electrically heated by the coils around it. The evaporator tube is a copper tube with 7.5 mm internal diameter. The range of some operating parameters are: refrigerant mass velocities 54-136 kg/m2s, vapor qualities 0.2-1.0 and heat fluxes 2-6 kW/m2. The empirical data were collected for plain tube and tubes with seven different coiled wire inserts (different coil pitches and different wire diameters). The results show that the insertion of a helically coiled wire inside the evaporator tube increases the heat transfer coefficient by as much as 83% above the plain tube values on a nominal area basis. An empirical correlation was developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling of R-134a inside horizontal coiled wire inserted tubes.

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Soil-dwelling Entomobryomorphan Collembola from the Northeast of Iran were sampled for the first time as part of a biodiversity surveying study with the aim of improving ecosystem conservation. Materials were obtained by sampling in three different ecosystems including forest, rangeland and agricultural fields between 2018 and 2019. The specimens were cleared using either Nesbitt’s fluid or lactic acid and permanent microscopic slides were prepared using Hoyer’s medium. As the result of this study, twenty-nine species belonging to twenty-two genera and five families of the order Entomobryomorpha were identified. Among them, two genera and eight species are recorded for the first time from Iran. The new records are Desoria trispinata (MacGillivray, 1896), Drepanosira hussi Neuherz, 1976, Heteromurtrella sp., Orchesella flavescens (Bourlet, 1839), Willowsia bartkei Stach, 1965, Agrenia sp., and Isotomiella gracilimucronata Rusek, 1981. Micrographs of their important features and a key to the species are also provided.

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The study was conducted in oak forests and the conifer stands in Marivan county located in west of Kurdistan province. The leaf litter and soils samples from these forests were taken during 2016 to 2019 and specimens were extracted by the Berlese funnels. Results of the study led to identification of 39 species of 11 families. The three genera Doutnacia Rusek, 1974 (Tullbergiidae), Heterosminthurus Stach, 1955 (Bourletiellidae) and Calx Christiansen, 1958 (Entomobryidae) and eight species including Willemia virae Kapruś, 1997, Xenylla tullbergi Börner, 1903 (Hypogastruridae), Axenyllodes caecus (Gisin, 1952) (Odontellidae), Thalassaphorura franzi (Stach, 1946) (Onychiuridae), Doutnacia xerophila Rusek, 1974 (Tullbergiidae), Calx kailashi Mandal, 2018, Seira dori Gruia, Poliakov & Broza, 2000 (Entomobryidae) and Heterosminthurus insignis (Reuter, 1876) (Bourletiellidae) are new for Iranian fauna. All species from the present study are reported for the first time from Kurdistan province. Short explanation of each collected species including material examined, distribution and short description and illustration for the new records are given.

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The present research aimed at studing the roles and effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Atmospheric and oceanic Circulation phenomenon in the changeability of inter seasonal spring rainfalls in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. The results of applying Pearson analysis indicated positive and significant correlations between Nino1+2 and Nino3 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) indices and spring precipitation in the stations under study, which is an indicative of the increase in spring precipitation during the occurrence of El Niño (positive or warm phase in ENSO), and precipitation reduction during the negative or La Niña (cold phase). Also, the results showed that the maximum correlation of spring precipitation with the ENSO SST indices existed in Mianeh and Maragheh Stations and the minimum correlation was in Sarab Station. The calculated correlation coefficient rates between the spring precipitation and ENSO SST indices indicated the effect of latitude (geographical factors) on the amount of affectedness from ENSO, meaning that in East Azerbaijan, the amount of correlation increases from east to west and from north to south, the maximum of which can be seen in Mianeh Station.

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During samplings were performed during 2019 in Birjand area located in South Khorasan province, three species are identified from families Entomobryidae and Bourletiellidae. Drepanura tuxeni Nosek, 1964, Drepanosira gisini Nosek, 1964 and Cassagnaudiella c.f. gamae (Bretfeld, 1994) are newly reported for the Iranian fauna of Collembola. The material examined, brief description and some illustration were given. Cassagnaudiella c.f. gamae represents the second species record of the family Bourletiellidae from Iran.

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The present study reports new records of the Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) from the Bula Hyrcanian forest located in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. The results show two genera Spatulosminthurus Betsch & Betsch-Pinot, 1984 (Sminthuridae) and Wankeliella Rusek, 1975 (Tullbergiidae) and five species including Anurophorus alpinus Potapov & Stebaeva, 1990 (Isotomidae), Pseudosinella cf. decipiens Denis, 1924 and P. immaculata (Lie Pettersen, 1896) (Entomobryidae), Superodontella tyverica Kaprus, 2009 (Odontellidae), and Wankeliella bescidica Smolis & Skarżyński, 2004 (Tullbergiidae) are new records for Collembola fauna of Iran.

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Six Collembola species from five families and two orders are for the first time recorded from India. All the described new records are mainly from two states, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh and collected from the surveys conducted in the Eastern Himalayan Region. Sphyrotheca multifasciata (Reuter, 1881) (Sminthuridae), Sminthurinus bimaculatus Axelson, 1902 (Katiannidae), Dicranocentrus nepalensis Mari Mutt & Bhattacharjee, 1980 (Orchesellidae), Isotomurus plumosus Bagnall, 1940 (Isotomidae), Isotomurus pseudopalustris Carapelli, Frati, Fanciulli & Dallai, 2001, (Isotomidae), Willowsia jacobsoni (Börner, 1913) (Entomobryidae), are the Collembola species whose occurrence is first time observed in India. As a result of the present work Collembola fauna of India reached up to 348 species. Material examined, a brief description and microscopic images of the new records are provided in the present study.
 

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The spring-back of a work-piece during machining operation causes dimensional error of the work-piece. In the present study, the spring-back of work-piece in ultrasonic-vibration assisted turning and conventional turning has been modeled. It is illustrated that the reaction of the work-piece in high frequency vibration cutting is similar to a static behavior, whereas the spring-back in this process is theoretically and experimentally smaller than the conventional cutting leading to smaller error. A method has also been proposed to obtain the errors caused by rigid assumption of the spindle assembly used for correction of the results.

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Annually, millions of rainbow trout frys are produced in Iranian hatcheries, however, millions of selected stocks of rainbow trout eyed eggs are also imported for breeding in farms. Despite the interest of many rainbow trout farmers to use imported fish for breeding, there is no clear information about the superiority of growth and survival of these imported strains over the rainbow trout that are produced in Iranian hatcheries. For this purpose, in the present study, the growth parameters of 432 individuals of either imported Spanish and Iranian strains of rainbow trout reared in 12 ponds using both river and spring water sources (four treatments and three replicates) were investigated and compared for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, a significantly higher weight and length gain, and specific growth rate was observed in Spanish rainbow trout compared to Iranian strain in both water sources (river and spring) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the food conversion factor was significantly lower in Spanish strain than Iranian rainbow trout) (p < 0.05). These results showed that the selection breeding could remarkably enhance growth performance and consequently cause more production and profit for rainbow trout farmers.

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One of the most important problems in date processing is unsuitable storage conditions, packaging types and then changing physicochemical characteristics.In this research date fruits (Kabkab variety) were packed within aerobic atmosphere and vacuumed PA/PE pouches and stored at different temperatures (-20, 4, 25 and 40 ºC). The samples were evaluated for textural parameters (hardness, adhesiveness,  cohesiveness and springiness) monthly during the storage period up to 6 months. The storage temperature, time and packaging type greatly (P < 0.01) affected hardness, cohesiveness and springiness tested in date fruits during storage.Time and packaging type had significant effects on date adhesiveness, while temperature did not affect it. All texture properties were higher in the dates stored at 40 ºC within all packaging types in sixth month. An increase of hardness was detected for atmospheric and vacuum- packed datesthroughout the storage period. However, it was noted that increasing was significantly greater at 40 ºC compared to other storage temperatures.  

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The most prominent feature of sheet material forming process is an elastic recovery phenomenon during unloading which leads to springback and side wall curl. Therefore evaluation of springback and side wall curl is mandatory for production of precise products. In this paper, the effects of some parameters such as friction coefficient, sheet thickness, yield strength of sheet and blank-holder force on the springback and side wall curl radius in U-bending of dual phase steel sheets were investigated by performing experimental tests and finite element method. ABAQUS software was used for finite element simulation. Comparison of experimental and finite element results shows good agreement. The results of this research shows that increasing of sheet thickness, reduces springback and side wall curl and increasing of yield strength increases springback and side wall curl. Springback and side wall curl initially increase with raising the friction coefficient and blank-holder force but they decrease again when they go beyond certain values.