Showing 8 results for Tph
Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of both single and hybrid systems, incorporating UV photolysis and a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), for treating synthetic wastewater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Petroleum hydrocarbons pose significant environmental threats due to their high toxicity, stability, accumulation potential, and resistance to biodegradation. In the hybrid system, the wastewater underwent chemical treatment first and then was introduced into the biological reactor. For the photolysis system, we explored the impacts of different concentrations and various radiation powers of UV-C lamps. Optimal conditions were determined to be a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 350 mg/L and a radiation power of 80 W. In the MBBR system, various concentrations were introduced into the reactor, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 85% for an initial COD of 1000 mg/L over 72 hours with a 50% filling capacity. In the hybrid system, we achieved a remarkable hydrocarbon removal efficiency of 99% after 123 hours. Although the operational time of the hybrid system was relatively long, it demonstrated itself as a suitable treatment process compared to other conventional methods for removing these challenging, hard-to-biodegrade compounds.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (7-2021)
Abstract
Aims: The sudden COVID-19 pandemic experienced globally has caused many schools and institutions of higher learning to resort to fully online teaching and learning throughout the world. Since online teaching is essentially a student-centered learning approach, students' motivational level plays an important role in making teaching protocols effective. This study aimed to know the level of motivation to study using a smartphone in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in 2020 on 75 Indonesian Academy of Administrative Management College students who have smartphones. These students were selected by random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression test.
Findings: There was a positive and significant correlation between the mean score of smartphone usage and the mean score of study motivation (r=0.84; p=0.0001). The effect of smartphone uses on the study motivation in the Covid-19 pandemic was 61.7% (R2=0.617).
Conclusion: With the increasing use of smartphones, the motivation to learn during pandemic COVID-19 also increased.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (11-2024)
Abstract
Aim: Since physical performance is one of the important parts of health, proper evaluation of people's performance is so much important, as it helps rehabilitation team to choose the best methods to improve performance. Involving all the muscles and joints, jumping is an activity used to evaluate performance. The accelerometer is an instrument that has recently been considered in the field of performance evaluation for some reasons like being economical, accessible, and the ability to replace expensive tools in the health system. This article reviews some studies that use accelerometer to evaluate performance of the neuromuscular system.
Method and Materials: Keywords were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to find studies on the reliability and validity of accelerometers in jump performance from 2010 to January 2024.
Findings: In calculating most variables including jump height, flight time, contact time, stiffness, force, power, and reactive strength index of countermovement, squat, and drop jumps, studies have revealed high validity and reliability for this device. In calculating peak power and peak velocity, accelerometer has low validity and reliability, though.
Conclusion: Under the ground of the fact that accelerometer is a valid and reliable instrument in evaluating most jump performance variables, it may be counted as a useful instrument. Rehabilitation team, physical medicine, and sports medicine specialists would use this device to evaluate musculoskeletal system performance; Therefore, they will be able to adjust, modify, and finally improve the rehabilitation program for patients or athletes and thus promote health in society.
Reza Kazempoor, Adel Haghighi Khiabanian Asl, Ebrahim Alaei, Seyedeh Shiva Alavinezhad,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Oil pollution of waters, in addition to disrupting the physiological function of fish, leads to irreparable damage to human health during transmission through the food chain. Therefore, the possibility of accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the edible tissues of fish is of particular importance. In this study, samples of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus; Houttuyn, 1782) were collected from the Khowr-e Musa area in the Persian Gulf using bait traps. after twenty days of adaptation to the laboratory conditions (South of Iran Aquaculture Research Center), the fishes was divided into five groups with two replications in tanks containing 300 liters of seawater. The groups were then exposed to concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16% water associated fraction (WSF).
The results of the study of the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the gills and kidney tissue showed a significant increase on days 10 and 20 of the experiment, which increased slightly with increasing WSF concentration (P <0.05). While liver and muscle tissue, considering exposure time and WSF concentration, no significant difference was observed (P> 0.05). The results of the present study showed the possibility of accumulation of TPH in the gill and kidneys of yellowfin seabream, under the influence of concentration and duration of exposure to WSF. Therefore, considering the high economic value of the Sparidae family, it seems necessary to provide appropriate management methods to control oil pollution in the Persian Gulf.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Aims: Hypoglycemia is a frequent complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. By providing education, awareness among diabetic patients could be increased to prevent hypoglycemia. Indonesia has yet to widely implement smartphone-based education programs for hypoglycemia prevention. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a smartphone application-based diabetes education model, developed using the health belief model and social cognitive theory, to enhance the ability of diabetes mellitus patients to detect hypoglycemia.
Materials & Methods: This design and development research utilized a pre-test and post-test design without a control group and was done on 64 diabetics between May and September 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test.
Findings: The mean patient's score on the ability to prevent hypoglycemia was 45.13 before the intervention. After the intervention, the patient's ability increased by 3.21 to reach 48.34. The paired t-test yielded a p-value of 0.0001, indicating a significant difference in the ability to detect hypoglycemia before and after the intervention.
Conclusion: Nursing Education Diabetic Therapeutic Application (NEDTA) was declared feasible to use in detecting hypoglycemia.
Volume 13, Issue 51 (8-2020)
Abstract
Karbala has been a multiple and dynamic space and so the writers’ perspective on it was multiple and dynamic as well. Geocriticism is one of the new interdisciplinary approaches that focuses on space in postmodern era. Geocriticism investigates the relation between subject and space and studies the geographical space and the imaginary space of literary texts. The current study was aimed at investigating the effect of space stratification on readers in a selected number of poems. Such stratification was influenced by time as well, creating different layers of texts in space. The researchers tried to unfold the space-time layers in these poems that shaped the space of Karbala, based on the spatiotemporality principle of Westphal theory. The results indicated that poets would identify themselves with these layers of space, as they unveil the dialectic between the self and the other. Moreover, in this study the viewpoint of the Christian poet (exogenous) was studied against the Muslim poet (endogenous), by applying multifocalization principle of Westphalian theory. The principle focuses on different points of views being endogenous, exogenous and allogenous. The study reveals the convergence of selected poets’ perspectives
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Abstract: Wastewater contaminated by petroleum compounds includes a wide range of hydrocarbons with different concentrations. Due to high amounts of toxic multiple cyclic aromatics, this type of wastewater may cause significant damages to water resources and human health, which have to be treated before discharging to the environment. Different processes have been applied for treating these kinds of wastewater. The most conventional systems are biological processes especially activated sludge that is being used in the most of the Iranian refineries. In recent years, biofilm processes have been replaced for treating different types of wastewaters because of bulking and foaming problems in the suspended systems. Due to the least deficiencies and restrictions, these processes have been proved as a reliable method for removal of wastewater pollutants. Therefore, in this study, the capability of treating petroleum wastewater was investigated using Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). This study was conducted in a lab-scale batch plastic rectangular cube pilot (L: 24 cm, W: 17 cm, H: 9 cm). To get a compound similar to petroleum effluent of Tehran Refinery, the mixture of gasoline (C16 - C20) and crude oil (C8 - C37) by the ratio of 1 to 2 was prepared. At first, sewage sludge was adapted with hydrocarbon compounds at COD equal to 100 mg/L (or TPH of 27.4 mg/L). Then petroleum hydrocarbons was injected to the reactor with a COD range of 200 to 2500 mg/L (TPH of 52 to 400 mg/L); and COD and TPH removal efficiency was measured at different retention time. Also the dominant mechanism, kinetic of biological reactions, the effect of suspended microorganisms and carrier filling ratio were studied. The highest COD removal efficiency of 85 percent was obtained at influent COD= 1000 mg/L, HRT= 72 hr and filling ratio = 50 percent. The removal trend of organic compounds from the end of adaptation stage (COD= 100 to 1000 mg/L) at resident time of 8, 12 and 24 hours has been varied between 62 and 48 percent. TPH removal efficiency in aforementioned range, followed a smooth trend; so that in HRT= 72 hr, the removal efficiency reduced from the initial 84 percent at TPH= 50 mg/L to 75 percent at TPH= 400 mg/L. The ratio of COD to input TPH was 3.82 and the range of ratios of COD to output TPH at resident times of 24, 48 and 72 hours were 3.09 - 4.80, 9.00 - 13.89 and 10.80 - 15.63, respectively. The results have shown that Grau and Stover- Kincannon were the best models for describing the biological kinetic data. The results have shown that MBBR system is a proper method for treating petroleum hydrocarbons, due to adequate ability to decomposition of these kinds of pollutants.
Volume 22, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
In smart cities, with using lots of new technologies, while creating appropriate facilities in routine urban life, infrastructure problems are investigated and the necessary measures are taken in a targeted and systematic manner to solve these problems. One of the most important technologies for managing infrastructure in smart cities is IT technology. GPS and smartphone sensors are other technologies that can be widely used in these cities. Streets, roads, and pavements are important infrastructures in any city and the future smart cities. Proper supervision, repair, and improvement of pavements, streets, and urban pathways are the main factor in reducing the cost of depreciation of vehicles and providing comfort and safety for citizens. On the other hand, if timely action is taken to restore and improve the pavement, huge costs of repair and reconstruction will be avoided, and this can significantly reduce the costs of urban management. The first step to achieving this goal is to identify the location of the roughness and distortion of the surface of the streets and urban pathways and the severity of these failures in the shortest possible time. In this paper, road surface roughnesses and failures have been studied using accelerometer sensors and GPS smartphone devices. Location and vertical acceleration data have been entered into GIS software and a quantitative index based on the values of vertical acceleration has been introduced to determine the quality of each section of urban road pavement. In this research, Androsensor software, which is a useful application for using smartphone sensors, has been used. This software is installed on two smartphones, Huawei, P30 Lite, and BlackBerry, Priv STV100. To collect the data, the smartphones were placed in a fixed position on the right and left sides of the car, on the dashboard. The collected data for analysis is transferred to the computer in Excel files. This research has been done in Kerman city and to collect data, different routes with specific failures have been selected. Data collection was performed in 81 pieces with a length of 500 meters and 24 pieces with a length of 200 meters (105 pieces, 45300 meters in total). By analyzing the vertical acceleration data and calculating some proposed indexes and comparing them, the best index has been selected. This index is classified into different ranges according to the field inspection of the pavement condition in the routes in this study, that each of which indicates the quality status of the pavement. Each of these intervals is introduced with a specific color, and by examining the index obtained in each route and the corresponding interval, the studied routes are marked with different colors on the map. Finally, it was found that the accelerometer sensors and GPS of smartphones can be used with low cost, high speed, and appropriate accuracy to check the surface of pavement of urban roads and grading the quality of the pavement. It also seems that in the smart cities of the future, which are based on IT technology, the use of user data, high accuracy in locating, and speed of action in prevention, the proposed method in this research can be used more favorably.
