Showing 5 results for Viscera
Volume 3, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background: Many comprehensive epidemiological studies have been done about fungal infections, which areone of the publichealth and therapeutic problemsin different communities. Since prevalence rate of fungal diseases and their etiological agents are changing over time,the aim of this study was to provide additional information about visceral fungal infections (VFIs) in order to understand the ways of their dissemination, to prevent disease transmission, to eliminate contamination sources and predisposing factors, and to provide effective ways for their treatment.
Materials and Methods: Samples were taken from the lesion of patients referred to medical mycology laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2014 to 2015. After providing direct wet mount of Potassium hydroxide (KOH) smears from these samples and samples sent from other medical centers, culturing on Sabouraud Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (SC) and brain heart infusion agar (BHI) media was performed. After growth, species were identified.
Results: From a total of 295 suspected samples, VFI was proved in 69 cases (23%). Aspergillosis was the most prevalent infection among VFIs. Candidiasis, cryptococcosis and mucormycosis were in the late orders, respectively. Two patients were also infected by Trichosporon. The predominant species in aspergillosis infections was Aspergillus flavus, and the predominant species in candidiasis infections was Candida albicans.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results on the prevalence rate and incidence of VFIs between male and female patients in different age groups and also by taking into account the prevalent type of fungi and infectious site of patients’ bodies, it is possible to take appropriate action for the prevention and treatment of these kinds of diseases by using the important keys of these results to research and study etiological and underlying factors involved in these diseases.
Soheyl Reyhani Poul, Ali Jafarpour, Reza Safari,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to hydrolysis of rainbow trout viscera by application of flavourzyme, papain and pepsin enzymes and compare the functional and antioxidant properties of these three types of proteins. At the same time, the maximum degree of hydrolysis and nitrogen recovery was recorded for the hydrolysate produced by flavourzyme (23.12 ± 1.05% and 55.64 ± 0.68% respectively). In all pH values tested (apart pH 8 and 10), hydrolysate produced by flavourzyme showed the highest solubility compared to other proteins (p<0.05). In addition, emulsion activity (apart from pH 4) and emulsion stability index (apart from pH 8) in this protein were higher in comparison with two other proteins (p<0.05). To compare the antioxidant properties of hydrolysate, the inhibition capability of scavenging of 2,2 diphynyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and reduction capacity of iron (III), were measured. As a result, hydrolysate produced by pepsin showed highest DPPH scavenging power (83.59 ± 2.27 %) and iron (III) reduction power (0.886 ± 0.013 absorbtion in 700 nm).This study showed that the proteins produced from the substrate has favorable properties and various factors, including the type of enzyme used greatly affect these properties.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2006)
Abstract
Purpose: Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses of naturally infected dogs against type I (rCPB) (Recombinant cycsteine proteinase B), and II (rCPA) (Recombinant cycsteine proteinase A) recombinant cysteine proteinases and C-terminal extension (CTE) of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum).
Materials and Methods: In this study, fourteen infected dogs (7 with symptoms, 7 asymptomatics) from an endemic area and three uninfected dogs from a nonendemic region were selected and their humoral and cellular responses against type I and II recombinant cysteine proteinases, C-terminal extension (CTE) and F/T of Leishmania infantum were evaluated using the ELISA and lymphocyte proliferation assay, respectively. The level of specific IgG isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2) and lymphocyte proliferative response against rCPA, rCPB, CTE and Freezed/Thawed lysate (F/T) of L. infantum were examined.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that in both of the symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs there is a high lymphoproliferative response to F/T antigens and moderate responses were observed when rCPs (Recombinant cycsteine proteinase) (rCPA and rCPB) and CTE were used. The level of antibody (total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2) recognition toward rCPA was low in the both groups of the dogs. In contrast, the CTE stimulates similarly as the CPB both of the humoral and cellular responses of all the infected animals and the level of total IgG and IgG2 isotypes against these antigens compared to the IgG1 was higher in the asymptomatic dogs. Since, the CTE is the terminal fragment of the CPB, it seems that the immunogenicity of the CPB is dependent on the CTE.
Conclusion: The results of our investigation indicates that the CPB and CTE stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses of L. infantum infected dogs, wherase the CPA is a weaker immunogen.
Volume 12, Issue 46 (5-2015)
Abstract
In the present study Protein hydrolysate was prepared from the sheep visceral (stomach and intestine) using Alcalase 2.4 L. The effect of temperature (40, 45, 50 and 55 °C), time ( in six levels) and enzyme/substrate ratio (30, 60 and 90 Anson unit), on degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity were investigated using factorial experiment. The highest degree of hydrolysis was observed at 45 °C, after 180 min and enzyme/substrate ratio of 90 Anson unit/ Kg substrate (p< 0.05). Under these conditions, degree of hydrolysis was 36/92%. To study the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing power and effect of protein hydrolysate on stability of soybean oil were measured. All antioxidant activity experiments were performed at constant temperature (45°C). The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power were achieved after 150 min at enzyme/substrate ratio of 90 Anson unit/ Kg substrate (p< 0.05) and after 180 min at 90 Anson unit/ Kg substrate (p< 0.05), respectively. Results show that protein hydrolysate can be used as a natural antioxidant source instead of synthetic antioxidants.
Volume 22, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Aims: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important endemic diseases in Meshkinshahr. The present study was aimed to molecular detect of VL and babesiosis in clot blood samples taken from dogs.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a total number of 148 blood samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs of visceral leishmaniasis from Meshkinshahr area. All serum samples were examined by direct agglutination test (DAT). DNA was extracted from the blood clot with the DNG-plus Extraction Kit. The ITS1 and kDNA genes of L. infantum were amplified by the PCR method. To identify and confirm the existence of Babesia parasites, 2 pairs of Babesia-specific primers were used.
Results: All of 148 dogs (100%) showed titers more than 1:320 of L. infantum infection in the serological test. L. infantum kDNA was detected by PCR in all samples. No cases of infection with Babesia parasite found in the samples.
Conclusions: The dog owners in Meshkinshehr are in close contact with dogs which are positive for VL, so, the implementation of health care in this region is highly recommended.
