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Background: Socio demographic characteristics of nurses who work in hospitals may impact on their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the relationship between quality of life of nursing staff with chronic nonspecific low back and their socio demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross section study. A total of 119 nurses were participated in this study. The 36-item short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-36) was used to assess Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of the participants. SPSS software version18 was applied to analyze data by appropriate statistical tests. Results: Totally 119 nurses including 93 female (78.1%) were participated in the study. The study showed that there was a significant relationship between age and physical function (P < 0.0001). Also there was significant relationship between income and physical role (P < 0.0001) as well as bodily pain (P = 0.015), mental health (P = 0.015), and social function (P = 0.03. ( Conclusions: The socio demographic characteristics of nurses could be considered while their QOL are assessed.

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Aim: Evidence indicates that demographic factors such as age, gender, and mother's literacy are important predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents. So, this study was conducted in order to survey the relation between socio-demographic factors and fruit and vegetable consumption among Tehranian adolescents in 2013. Methods: This cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytic) was carried out for surveying Tehranian adolescents, socio-demographic factors and fruit and vegetable consumption. The total of 500 adolescents (11-14 years old) was included in the study using multistage random sampling method. Being at the age of 11-14 years, giving informed consent, and voluntary participation were criteria for students' selection. Data were gathered using questionnaire encompass socio-demographic characteristics (11 items) and Frequent Fruit and Vegetable Questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 18 (descriptive statistics, and tests of independent t and one way ANOVA). Findings: There was no relationship between age, gender, family size, parent’s job, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Based on one way ANOVA test, there was a significant relation between vegetable consumption and mother’s and father’s literacy, as well as between home size and fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusion: The finding that economic factors and parent’s education level have a strong association with the adolescents’ intake of fruits and vegetables in this sample concurs with other research findings regarding the importance of family environment to promote healthy eating behaviors among adolescents.

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Today, the population of cities along with their socio-economic issues has created a new form of city and urbanization. Tehran province has seen the most changes in the city and urbanization due to the establishment of the capital, the metropolis of Tehran. The question is what are the consequences of urban demographic changes in Tehran province? Therefore, this study tries to investigate the consequences of demographic changes in Tehran province on its urban network during the years 1355-1395. The research method is descriptive and analytical and its type is inferential. The data were extracted by library method and analyzed using regional planning models such as city rank-size and prime city index, entropy and prime city coefficient, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. The results show that the increase in urban population in Tehran province is due to the dispersal of the metropolis of Tehran and the concentration of urban population in the western part of the province is higher than other aspects of communication. Although medium-sized cities have partially repaired the spatial rupture in the province's urban network, according to the rank-size model, the distance between the metropolis of Tehran and other cities in the province is still very large and there is no balance in the province's urban network. Meanwhile, the urban population is not uniformly but in a cluster around the metropolis of Tehran and in the next order of medium-sized cities.

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The toxicity of imidacloprid and pirimicarb for all stages of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were investigated under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 ^oC, 65 ± 5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h.) using a leaf dipping method. These pesticides were very toxic for first instar nymphs of A. gossypii with LC₅₀ values of 17 and 220.2 ppm for imidacloprid and pirimicarb, respectively. For other nymphal instars, values of 23.9 to 70.5 ppm and 308.8 to 781.7 ppm were recorded for imidacloprid and pirimicarb respectively. Their LC₅₀ values for adults were 90.1 and 983.1 ppm, respectively. Toxicity decreased with increasing age. Imidacloprid was more toxic than pirimicarb for all stages of development. The effect of applying sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid and pirimicarb was evaluated, also, using demographic toxicology. Longevity and population growth parameters, including intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), net reproductive rate (R₀), generation time (T_c) and finite rate of population increase (λ), were affected negatively by both insecticides. The r_m values for control, imidacloprid and pirimicarb exposed populations were 0.438, 0.150 and 0.335 female offspring per female per day, respectively. The doubling time (DT) also, was affected by imidacloprid. Overall, these results suggest that imidacloprid and pirimicarb can be effective against A. gossypii.  

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Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the global distribution of vaccines, but there are concerns regarding potential side effects. Hair loss is one of the less commonly reported side effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 vaccinations on hair loss.
Instruments & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 580 participants aged between 20 to 72 years, consisting of 270 males and 310 females. Machine learning techniques were employed to analyze the data and determine any potential relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and hair loss. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for hair loss.
Findings: Of the total participants, 17.6% reported experiencing hair loss after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This percentage was higher in females (19.4%) compared to the males (15.2%). There was a significant association between the COVID-19 vaccine and hair loss in both males and females. The odds ratio for developing hair loss after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.04-1.73) for females and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.81-1.54) for males.
Conclusion: Hair loss is a rare but possible side effect of COVID-19 vaccination in both males and females, which its prevalence is higher in females than in males. Individuals with certain comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes, may be at a higher risk for experiencing hair loss after COVID-19 vaccination.
 

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Aims: Many women are uninformed of the factors that put them at risk for cardiovascular diseases or the preventative measures that they can take to lower that risk, which makes the incidence of CVDs among women a serious public health concern. This study aimed to determine the correlation of lifestyle factors and demographic characteristics of women with the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on women in AL Diwaniyah City, Iraq, from January to March 2023. The purposive sampling was used to select 99 women suffering from cardiovascular disease attending the Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Cardiac Catheterization Center, and Primary Health Centers.
Findings: Spearman’s correlation showed a highly significant correlation between women’s age and lifestyle factors, physical activity, and stress management (p=0.0001). There was a statistically significant correlation between women’s education level, stress management, and follow-up (p>0.05). Occupation showed a statistically significant correlation with women’s health history (p=0.046). The woman’s monthly income was correlated with her family history (p=0.003).
Conclusion: Low-income families are the most predominant socioeconomically status in AL Diwaniyah City. A noteworthy correlation exists between the age of women and their health history, physical activity, and stress management.

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The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important pest of canola that can considerably limit crop production through direct or indirect damage. In this study, the effects of Azadirachtin, Tondexir, Palizin, and Thiamethoxam, common insecticides used in managing the cabbage aphid, were investigated on the population growth parameters of this pest. Based on the results, the LC₅₀ values for Thiamethoxam, Palizin, Azadirachtin, and Tondexir were 0.19, 0.63, 1.00, and 3.82 g/L, respectively. Moreover, LC₃₀ concentrations of Thiamethoxam, Palizin, Azadirachtin, and Tondexir were 0.11, 0.10, 0.41, and 1.68 g/L, respectively, applied in the sublethal studies. The cabbage aphids reared on the plants treated with these insecticides had lower longevity, fecundity, and reproductive period than the control treatment. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R₀), and generation time (T) were lower on Thiamethoxam treatment. Tondexir and Palizin treatments had lower values than Azadirachtin. However, there was no significant difference between the Tondexir and Palizin treatments. The population treated by Azadirachtin had the highest values of growth parameters. According to the results and available information in the context of risk assessment of the studied insecticides, this research recommends the application of Thiamethoxam in the integrated pest management of cabbage aphid.

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Aims: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the amount of tilapia fish consumption and the relationship between its consumption amount and some demographic characteristics Such as gender, age, occupation, education, marital status, occupation, number of household members and income.
Methods: The statistical population of this research is the whole country. A questionnaire was designed and sent to people electronically through virtual space. Correlation tests were used to evaluate the number of fish purchases per year as well as the amount of each purchase from the output of SPSS software and to investigate the existence of a significant relationship between consumption and demographic characteristics.
Findings: The results showed that Most of the female respondents are married, aged 20 to 35, employed and have bachelor's and master's degrees. Most of them are employees and earn between 3 and 6 million tomans. It was also found that most households (54%) buy fish up to 20 times a year. The average number of times of buying fish per year by the households of the consumption community was 45 times. Most households in the consumer society buy 2 kg of fish each time they buy. The number of households that consume more than 10 kg of fish per purchase was 3.3%. According to the obtained information, the average amount of fish per purchase was calculated to be 8 kg. The per capita consumption of tilapia in households consuming this fish was 4.2 kg.

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In assessment of the success of a plan, the most important parameter is the extent of the coverage of the “target group”. But this is bound to the correct definition of the “target group” and their classification according to the particularities that distinguishes them from each other. The requirement of the Housing Planning to attain a specific and clear definition of the “Target Group” is due to the requirement to arrange the optimum program and implementation programs to respond their needs suitable to their demands, a point in which it seems to be assessed unsuccessful in the planning period (1327-1383) In this article, we consider the change in the demographic structure of the country’s population. This work investigates the extent of agreement of Housing Planning on this change, to give a precise definition of the Target Group. It also attends to the amount of accordance of the Housing Planning with the structural changes in the population and family structure in this six decades The results of our reseach shows, despite increasing number of youth in our population, they are not considered in our planning system's definition about "Target group". Hence in our Housing Market, youth's demand for shelter gould not be included.

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Worldwide distribution of the Date Palm Hopper (DPH), Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin along with intensive regional chemical and cultural practices to control this pest provide a basis for development of high genetic divergence. This genetic divergence can result in demographically distinct populations. In this study, the demographic parameters of three genetically diverged Iranian populations of DPH (Bam, Jiroft, and Tezerj) were determined on two date palm cultivars (Berhi and Khunizi). The age-stage, two-sex life table theory was used to unveil biological differences among these populations. All experiments were carried out in a laboratory at 27±2˚C, 65±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L: D) hour. The results revealed significant differences in life history traits and growth parameters of different populations. The shortest development time was observed in the Bam population (75.86 and 85.03 days on Berhi and Khunizi, respectively). The highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were detected in Bam population (0.0377 and 1.0433 per day on Berhi as well as 0.0284 and 1.0288 per day on Khunizi, respectively). Based on these results, we can consider Bam as an aggressive population with higher infestation rate compared with the other populations due to its higher r and λ values as well as shorter mean generation time on both host cultivars. The significant differences in life history traits and variation in population growth parameters may suggest the presence of cryptic species among these populations. It can stem from the high genetic divergence among DPH populations which may be orchestrated by mismanagement of the pest.

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Nowadays, observing ethics and preserving moral principles are some of the most significant phenomena which have been taken into account in most organizations. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to survey the effects of demographic characteristics of the individual, organizational and ethical variables in ethical decision-making of accountants in industrial enterprises of Tabriz. Statistical society of this research includes 1505 accountants in micro, small, medium, and large industries of Tabriz metropolitan city. Based on Morgan and krejcie sampling table sample size is about 306 and questionnaires have been used for gathering necessary data. For statistical analysis of the research, it has been first tried to describe the main variables of the research and some demographic variables by descriptive statistics. Then, in inferential statistics part, hierarchical regression analysis conducted within the framework of the research. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between ethical recognition and ethical judgment, between ethical judgment and ethical intention, and also between ethical recognition and ethical intention. Consequently, the Rest’s model was supported. Ethical climate of the organization was the strong predictor factor in three stages of ethical decision-making.

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Abstract: Demographic discourses in the media or public inform lay people and may impact population planning and policies. Understanding the situation and characteristics of public demographic discourses in Iran helps the government and policy makers to identify experts’ advice to use in effective policymaking and to discern public perceptions and understanding of population policies and promote changes in fertility behavior. The aim of this paper is to examine public demographic discourses which are produced and reproduced in the Iranian media to affect fertility policy and decision making after the announcement of General Population Policies by the Supreme Leader in 2014. This paper uses the critical discourse analysis for analyzing demographic discourses in websites of two influential Iranian newspapers, i.e., Keyhan and Iran, and demographers’ ideas and opinions available online during 21 March 2010 and 21 May 2016. The critical discourse analysis illustrates that the main discourse for public demography is “Conceptual”. Analyzing texts indicates that demographers have tried to reduce the gap between science – policy by disseminating simple and understandable demographic discussions in the media. They argue that demographic issues are specialized topics and require scientific and rigorous research. Therefore, the first step for policymaking and planning is the recognition and understanding of population situation. Public demography intends to facilitate the formulation of an evidence-based policymaking to achieve General Population Policy objectives. Policymakers are recommended to provide favorable social and economic contexts supporting family formation and childbearing towards sustainable population growth outlined in the General Population Policies. Public demography has a vital role in providing a deeper understanding of future population trends and policies.