Showing 30 results for Muscle
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMD) are a common health related problem throughout the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrotherapy training on health, function, motion, and occupational performance of the police personnel in Iran.
In this before/after prospective study, 30 participants were selected purposefully and divided into two experimental (n = 15) and control groups randomly (n = 15). The 8-week hydrotherapy training program was just assigned for intervention. The occupational performance and physical fitness tests, Health related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire and Visual analog Scale (VAS) were measured for both groups before and after intervention. data were analyzed through SPSS 16
Volume 2, Issue 3 (7-2000)
Abstract
The environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is a new development in the
field of electron microscopy. In this study ESEM has been used to study the structure of
veal semimembranosus muscle. Four treatments, raw (control), conventional heating,
domestic and industrial microwave heating, were observed using ESEM. The temperature
used in conventional heating was 163 0C. Frequency applied for microwave heating was
2450 MHz with two wattage levels of 700 (domestic microwave) and 12000 (industrial microwave).
All samples were heated to 70 0C internal temperature. Occasional cracks
across the individual muscle fiber and shrinkage were present in all images of the structure
for heated muscle. Erosion at the edges of muscle fibers was clear and increased with
continued heating. A gap between perimysium of each muscle bundle was effected with
the domestic microwave samples in cross section. This phenomenon was more apparent in
industrial microwave heating and the depth of gap between perimysial collagenous fiber
is more than that in domestic microwave heating. More damage was observed in the connective
tissue network for conventional heating as compared with microwave heating.
Denaturation and distortion of connective tissue caused more damage during longer time
of conventional heating. Surface damage in structure of semimembranosus was not observed
in either conventional heating or the low powered microwave heating. Rapid
increase of heat and penetration of the microwaves, at the 12000 wattage level, caused
granulation and separation of some parts of the muscle fibers.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background:Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease that causes pain and impairment of normal performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the three combined training methods on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Methods and Materials:This study is a semi-experimental research, and it makes use of pretest and posttest methods in which 30 male patients were selected and randomly assigned into three groups, namely the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 3. The groups underwent an 8-week period of training. Pain severity and functions were measured via Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and function through Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires before and after exercise. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) (P < 0.05).
Results: The ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference between groups about pain (F(2, 27) = 35.12, (P < 0.01) and function (F(2, 27) = 32.7, (P < 0.01)). Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between experimental groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05) and experimental groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.01) regarding pain and function, but there was no significant difference between experimental group 2 and 3 for pain and function (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:Following the intervention, three groups showed a reduction in pain and improvement in function. The rate of recovery in the first experimental group was higher than other groups, and that a new approach in the treatment of patients suffering from severe pains was introduced in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Aims: Commitment to a plan of action key factors is critical for stretching exercise predicting. However, commitment to a plan of action in stretching exercise across the throughout working conditions is far difficult in Iran; there is no measurement to evaluate commitment to a plan of action among workplace office employees. This study aimed at investigating the short form of confirmatory factor analysis commitment to a plan of action scale for stretching exercise predicting among based on health promotion model (HPM).
Materials and Methods: Using multistage cluster sampling, 385 office employees from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences of Iran were selected through on a short form of commitment to a plan of action Scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha were also used.
Findings: The mean age of the office employees was 39.4±7.76 years. CVI and CVR of each question was >0.7. The result of EFA confirmed one factor or component with the main component technique (commitment to a plan of action) with 71.8% cumulative variance and KMO was 87.2% (p<0.001). This was the good fit index in CFA. The reliability was also explanatory. In the area of CFA, the result showed REMSEA=0.046, GFI=0.907, AGFI=0.814, confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha (α=85.8%) and [ICC =0.74; 95% CI (0.62, 0.74)].
Conclusion: This study approved the short form of commitment to a plan of action scale for stretching exercise. However, more advice is provided to ensure a reliable and valid tool for realizing stretching exercise behaviors.
Volume 4, Issue 13 (7-2007)
Abstract
In this study, 270 samples of liver, muscle and kidney of broiler were collected from 90 farms in Tehran province during a year and analyzed for enrofloxacin residue by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Results showed that all the samples are contained enrofloxacin and in 22(24.44%) of farms enrofloxacin residue was higher than maximum residue level. The enrofloxacin residue in 8 samples of muscle (8.88%), 12 samples of liver (13.33%) and 22 samples of kidney (24.44%) was higher than maximum residue level. The mean value of enrofloxacin concentration in muscle, liver and kidney were respectively:
In conclusion, this study confirmed widespread misuse of enrofloxacin in farms and lack of implementation of recommended withdrawal times. Moreover this study stresses, the need for stricter regulation for the use of antimicrobial drugs in the poultry industry as well as the inspection of chicken for residues prior to marketing.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus belonging to the betacoronavirus category that targets the respiratory system and Causes symptoms similar to pneumonia. The patients with-covid 19 do not only suffer from respiratory problems and their clinical symptoms range from no symptoms to severe pneumonia. In fact, they may have a variety of symptoms including fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue (muscular and mental), joint swelling (as reactive arthritis), headache, diarrhea and rarely arthritis. The major musculoskeletal symptoms which might be appeared include arthralgia, myalgia, chronic fatigue, and joint swelling (as reactive arthritis)
Volume 6, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Despite the benefits of antibiotics, their residues in foodstuffs prepared for human consumption could be cancerous and mutagenic and cause allergic reactions with toxic side effects, disorders in intestinal wall, adverse effects on microbial intestinal flora, and the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the residual antibiotics in liver and muscle tissues of poultry samples using the four-plate test (FPT) method in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.
Materials & Methods: A total of 6406 samples were randomly collected from liver and muscle tissues of 3203 poultry samples from June 2016 to March 2017. Antibiotic residues were detected in liver and muscle samples using the four-plate test (FPT) method.
Findings: During a two-year study period, from a total of 6406 samples collected, 3203 (50%) samples were collected from liver tissues, and 3203 (50) samples were collected from muscle tissues of poultry samples, respectively. Among the liver and muscle samples, 12 (384/3203) and 6.4% (206/3203) were positive for the presence of antibiotic residues, respectively. According to the seasonal distribution of muscle samples, the highest rate of antibiotic residues was detected in the autumn with 3 % (95/3203), while the lowest rate was observed in the winter with 0.25% (8/3203) for both bacteria under study (Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus). According to the seasonal distribution of liver samples, the highest rate of antibiotic residues was detected in the autumn with 5% (159/3203), while the lowest rate was observed in the spring with 1.1% (35/3203).
Conclusion: In conclusion, a large number of liver tissues collected from poultry samples were contaminated with antibiotic residues, especially at pH=6 and in the autumn season. Therefore, it is recommended to implement appropriate strategies for managing and controlling the use of antibacterial agents in the veterinary industry. Also, it is necessary to monitor the withdrawal time of antibiotics and screen the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in poultry products including liver, egg, and meat.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of two weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation on some indices of Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS) after eccentric exercise.
Method and Materials: In this semi experimental study, 20 nonathletic male collegiate students (19.75±1.29 years) participated in the study voluntarily and were divided randomly into two groups of experimental (n=11) and placebo (n=9). The experimental group consumed vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) containing 50000 IU while the placebo group took apparently similar capsules containing starch like, two capsules for two weeks. To induce DOMS, participants performed a step protocol that included four sets (5 minutes for each set), with a 1-minute of rest interval between each set using a 46 cm-step. Range of Motion (ROM) of low extremity joints and circumferences, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS were measured before, immediately after (Time 0), and 24 hours (Time 1) and 48 hours (Time 2) after eccentric exercises.
Findings: This study showed that thigh Thigh circumference increased following eccentric exercise in the placebo group, while it did not change significantly in the experimental group (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two study groups regarding other variables (P>0.05). Vitamin D3 supplementation with the dosage and duration used in the present study reduced the limited symptoms of DOMS. Future studies of longer duration or higher dosage of vitamin D supplementation are recommended.
Conclusions: According to the finding of this study, vitamin D3 supplementation could not reduce the limited symptoms significantly. However, future studies are suggested to evaluate the effect of higher dose or longer duration of vitamin D supplementation on DOMS.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Aim: Piriformis syndrome is a group of symptoms and signs of pain from the piriformis muscle and is considered by pain in the buttock with variable involvement of the sciatic nerve. The aids of neural mobilization and piriformis stretching are commonly described and are known, but the effects and role of hip abductor and extensor strengthening along with backward walking is not well ss the edescribed. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of hip muscle strengthening and backward walking in pirformis syndrome as a pilot study.
Method and Materials: In total, 76 subjects with piriformis syndrome were randomly assigned into two groups (Group A and Group B). Subjects in group A (n=38) received hip abductor and extensor strengthening and backward walking along with neural mobilization and piriformis stretching whereas, group B (n=38) received only neural mobilization and piriformis stretching for four weeks. Pain intensity was measured by Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and lumbar range of motion was measured using Universal Goniometer.
Results: This study showed a statistically significant improvement in both the groups for pain intensity. However, the pain severity was considerably reduced more in group A. Furthermore lumbar ROM improvement was seen significantly more in Group A.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that hip abductor and extensor strengthening along with backward walking have an added efficacy in improving lumbar flexibility and decreasing pain when combined with neural mobilization and piriformis stretching exercises.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)stretching combined with plyometric training on agility and Squat/Continuous jumps in non-athlete male students.
Method and Materials: Thirty non-athlete male students were volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were assigned into control (n=21) and intervention (n=21) groups. Dependent variables were recorded at baseline and 48 hours after post-exercise. A Vicon (200 Hz) motion analysis system with six T-Series cameras and two Kistler force plates (1000 HZ) were used to record kinematic and kinetic data. A two-way repeated measure ANOVA (group x EIMD) was used to compare the data between the two groups.
Findings: The agility in the intervention group was higher than in the plyometric group at 48 hours (P=0.015). Within-group comparison of agility showed a difference in the plyometric & PNF group from pre- to post-training (P=0.003). There were no significant differences in Squat jump test parameters from pre- to post-test between groups (P˃0.05). Also, within-group comparison of continuous jump of variables (maximum vertical displacement and power average) showed no difference in the plyometric & PNF group at 48 hours (P˃0.05).
Conclusion: A prophylactic effect of PNF stretching on agility and components of continuous jumps following exercise-induced muscle damage was useful. Therefore, PNF can be useful with a preventative method in reducing the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage in some functional parameters of the exercise.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2022)
Abstract
Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the chronic diseases and are the main cause of long-term physical disability. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders and a devastating disease and is the fourth leading cause of disability in the world that causes severe pain, decreased
function, decreased social interaction and ultimately quality of life in patients. There is no definitive cure for osteoarthritis of the knee, because the changes caused by this complication are irreversible, but the clinical symptoms can be reduced and tissue damage can be delayed. Non-pharmacological therapies such as physiotherapy and exercise therapy, if positive, can play an important role in treating this disease preventing the unpleasant complications of the disease. Among the treatments for osteoarthritis, exercise therapy and knee protection behaviors seem to be one of the most effective, inexpensive and without side effects.
Conclusion: Given the increasing prevalence of osteoarthritis in women and their susceptibility to many diseases and other problems caused by not performing knee protection behaviors in women with osteoarthritis, communities should make this health problem as a priority to be solved. In this review the prevalence, complication, risk factors and pain management of knee osteoarthritis have been discussed.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2020)
Abstract
Aims: The aim was to investigate lower extremity muscle strength by a handheld dynamometer and to assess the possible correlation between fear of falling and muscle strength in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were evaluated based on the Michigan neuropathy screening instrument, and ten healthy control were enrolled. The study was performed in the clinical and research center of Tarbiat Modares University's movement disorders between February and May 2020. Fall efficacy scale-International was completed to assess fear of falling. Muscle strength of the peroneus longus, tibilalis anterior, gastrosoleus, Hamstring, vastus lateralis, quadriceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and hip abductors of the dominant (right) lower extremity was measured by a handheld dynamometer. SPSS 22 was used for data processing. An independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze data.
Findings: There was a moderate and negative correlation between fall efficacy scale-International and gastrosoleus time to peak (r=-0.0607; p=0.016), and a strong correlation between fall efficacy scale-International and Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (r=0.709; B=1.829; p=0.003). All the time-to-peak force results were higher in diabetic peripheral neuropathy than healthy control and became significant in tibilalis anterior, quadriceps femoris, and gluteus maximus (p<0.05). The augmented force of the gluteus maximus was significantly lower in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (p=0.021).
Conclusions: Gastrosoleus rate of force development has a negative correlation with fear of falling. Fall efficacy scale-International and Michigan neuropathy screening instruments have a strong correlation.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (11-2024)
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on quadriceps femoris muscle activity, as measured by sEMG, in healthy adult males during common strength exercises. This systematic review used the PRISMA guidelines. Original research articles published up to December 2023 were retrieved from the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria required studies to (a) be available in full-text English, (b) utilize cross-sectional or longitudinal study designs (experimental or cohort), (c) report electromyographic activity as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC), (d) analyze rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles, (e) focus on resistance training exercises as the primary intervention, (f) be published within the last ten years, and (g) include healthy adult male participants.
The review results indicated that the VL was the most frequently studied quadriceps muscle across different exercises. Notably, the leg press demonstrated the highest activation levels for both the VL and VM, while the Spanish squat elicited the highest activation for the RF. Additionally, the deadlift showed substantial activation of the VL, though to a lesser extent than the leg press. These findings highlight the importance of exercise selection for targeting specific quadriceps muscles during strength training. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of sEMG data, it is critical to establish standardized methodological criteria for its use.
Volume 9, Issue 37 (12-2012)
Abstract
The concentrations of four major mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) in the muscles of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum), golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were measured. The study was carried out in two seasons (spring and autumn) and the fish were obtained from four different fishery stations (Chalous, Anzali, roudsar and Fereidounkenar) in the south Caspian Sea. The dry ash digest method followed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of minerals. Their values were expressed as milligram per kilogram dry matter. Calcium in golden grey mullet was the lowest (613.6 mg/kg) and potassium in kutum was the highest (11940.4 mg/kg) comparing among species. Calcium and sodium concentrations showed seasonal variation affected by fish species (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in magnesium concentration in golden grey mullet and kutum in both seasons (P > 0.05). However, magnesium concentration in common carp showed a significant variation between spring and autumn (P < 0.05). Concentrations for magnesium and potassium were affected by sampling place in all three species.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (2-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of Myofascial Trigger Release Technique versus Muscle Energy Technique on muscle activity and pain among individuals with Text Neck Syndrome
Methods: A total of 112 subjects with Text neck syndrome were selected using simple random sampling technique from Saveetha medical college and hospital based on inclusion and exclusion criteria after which detailed study procedure were explained to patients and written informed consent were obtained. The participants age from 18 to 30 years and both male and female gender had been diagnosed with Text neck syndrome. The 56 individuals in each group into two groups. The experimental group (Myofascial trigger release technique) Control group (Muscle energy technique) for both groups pretest results from, EMG and pressure algometer were documented. Treatment intervention consisted of 4 weeks with 3 sessions per week.
Findings: On comparing pre-test and post-test within experimental group & control group on EMG and Pressure algometer score shows highly significant difference in mean values at P ≤ 0.0001.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the myofascial trigger release technique was more effective than muscle energy technique.
Mohammad Gholizadeh, Behroz Mohammadzadeh, Ali Kazemi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Fish are among the organisms that have the ability to bioaccumulate these metals. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of aluminum, vanadium, tin and chromium in the muscle tissue of tapeworm and assess its potential risk. For this purpose, 30 pieces of fish were caught in July 2017 from Bushehr port, Persian Gulf. Samples were prepared according to standard laboratory methods and the concentration of heavy metals was measured using ICP-OES. The concentration of elements in the muscle tissue of fish for human consumption was compared with international standards, as well as the estimated daily, weekly absorption in children and adults, their permissible consumption and risk indicators of consumption of this fish against carcinogenic diseases. The results showed that the mean concentrations of aluminum (23.9 ±10.3), vanadium (0.15 ±0.07), tin (5.41 ±2.2) and chromium (0.34 ±0.12), based on micrograms per gram, fresh weight was observed in muscle tissue. The absorption of the studied metals in the muscle tissue of fish was Al> Sn> Cr> V. The results showed that the permissible consumption of heavy metals with the exception of aluminum was lower than the standard of the World Health Organization. The calculation of the risk index showed that aluminum in both groups of adults and children and chromium in children have values of more than one, in this regard, with continuous monitoring of heavy metal surfaces in fish offered in the market
Volume 10, Issue 41 (10-2013)
Abstract
In this research the effect of microwave thermal treatment with power of 600 w on Longissimus.dorsi (L.d) muscle of camel by 1-3 years were examined. Chemical analysis, mechanical properties and proteins behavior of raw and microwaved samples were compared. Also the cook loss changes in three powers of 300, 600 and 900 w were measured which all of them were followed a zero-order kinetic model. The percentage of fat, protein and ash increased because of high cook loss. Sodium reduced while iron and zinc increased. Shear force and compression force increased in comparison with raw sample. Both Shear force and compression force followed a three-phase curve :(1) rapid toughening, (2) rapid softening, (3) slow toughening. The microstructures of raw and heated samples were also studied. The micrographs showed the rupture of meat structure and connective tissue coagulation. DSC was performed to assess protein denaturation.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Aim: In this study, the antioxidant properties of hydrolyzed protein from longtail tuna dark muscle with commercial enzymes (alcalase, alkaline protease, and evatase) were investigated.
Materials & Methods: Protein hydrolysates from tuna dark muscle were prepared by different enzymes Degree of hydrolysis (DH) was performed by TCA technique. The five aliquots at 60, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min were gathered during hydrolysis. The antioxidant activity of aliquots was monitored by in vitro assays (DPPH inhibition ability and Ferric (Fe3+) reducing power).
Findings: The antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysate from tuna dark muscle (TDM) increase with increasing time and DH. Alcalase hydrolyzed protein (AHP) generally showed higher antioxidative activity than evatase hydrolyzed protein (EHP) and alkaline protease hydrolyzed protein (APHP). Among the samples (concentration 3 mg.ml-1), AHP at 360 min significantly exhibited the highest ability to scavenge DPPH radical (72.6 %). Furthermore, AHP and APHP significantly showed a minimum IC50 value of 1.1 mg.ml-1 at 240 and 360 min hydrolysis. APHP significantly exhibited the highest ferric reducing power of 0.83 at 300 min and 0.76 at 240 min. AHP and APHP significantly showed the highest ferric reducing power of 0.74 at 360 min (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study confirmed that protein hydrolysate from TDM could be a good source of antioxidant peptides. In addition, the antioxidant activity of hydrolyzed protein relay on protease type and hydrolysis condition.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
This research aims to determine the mercury (Hg) in the muscle and liver tissues of Otolithes ruber species and its human health risk assessment due to its consumption.
Material & Methods: In this study thirty fish samples were taken from the Imam Khomeini port in northwest of the Persian Gulf, in July. Then, the total mercury was measured by the Mercury Advanced Analyzer (254 AMA manufactured by Leco).
Findings: The mean concentrations of Hg in the muscle of O. ruber species were 0.112± 0.015 µg.g-1 d.w that were below the limits for fish proposed by WHO, FAO, USEPA, FDA and MAFF and the mean concentrations of Hg in the liver tissues were 0.714± 0.113. µg.g-1 d.w. Value of muscle/liver ratio was about 0.16 that revealed high contamination of the region with the mercury element. EDI and EWI lower than PTDI and PTWI and THQ<1.00 showed that the consumption of the mentioned fish will not pose an acute risk to the health of the consumers. Based on CRlim and CRmm in the studied fish for different human groups, a potential human health risk was identified for children.
Conclusion: In general, the main conclusion of this work showed that there is no serious warning or prohibition against consuming this fish by adults, however it should be mentioned that the risk assessment caused by the presence of other heavy elements as well as organic pollutants in O. ruber fish can have an impact in determining the permissible limit of consumption of this species.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (8-2024)
Abstract
Aims: The abdominal muscles are significantly stretched during pregnancy, leading to an increase in inter-recti distance. Several physiological changes greatly impact women’s musculoskeletal systems. The abrupt drop in muscle strength caused by activity is known as fatigability. This study aimed to investigate the role of different plank positions in enhancing abdominal strength and stability for women recovering from lower-segment cesarean section.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted on postpartum women based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, utilizing the odd-even method and a convenient sampling technique. A total of 30 subjects were allocated into two groups, including the abdominal draw-in maneuver and different plank positions (n=15 per group). The functional evaluation of abdominal muscles in both groups was performed using a pressure biofeedback unit, and the strength of the abdominal muscles was measured with the single leg lift abdominal strength test weekly for six months.
Findings: Statistical analysis of the post-test values indicated the strength and functional activity of the abdominal muscles in postnatal women who underwent lower-segment cesarean section. The results showed that the different plank positions group demonstrated greater improvement than the abdominal draw-in maneuver group.
Conclusion: Incorporating varied plank exercises effectively restores core stability and supports a quicker return to daily activities.
