Showing 20 results for Reproduction
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2024)
Abstract
Trissolcus vassilievi (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is one of the most important egg parasitoids of the common sunn pest (CSP), Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in Iran. In this study, the fitness of two populations of T. vassilievi was studied on two populations of hosts in terms of life history parameters. Two populations of T. vassilievi were selected: 1/ Tabriz (as a temperate area), and 2/ Varamin (as a subtropical area), as well as for CSP. Moreover, regarding that outcrossing between populations can produce progeny with superior characteristics, the progeny of reciprocal crosses between original populations also were examined on a single host. The crosses between the two populations caused 13.9-18.5% higher net fecundity than maternal populations which suggests fecundity to be a function of maternal phenotype. The intrinsic rate of increase showed minor differences among treatments which varied between 0.291±0.003 to 0.305±0.003. The partial advantage of the Varamin wasps over the Tabriz ones and the crosses over the original populations was obvious. Such differences may be used to obtain more efficient parasitoids in augmentation programs.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2013)
Abstract
Mnemiopsis leidyi population activities first were recorded during the coastal observations in 2001 in which its population considerably increased afterward and now sustained the southern Caspian Sea. Maximum summer-autumn M. leidyi abundance was recorded in euphotic layer in 2002 (851±85 ind.m-3) and maximum biomass was in 2001 with 48.1±14.4 g.m-3) while minimum were in aphotic layer. In years 2003 to 2011, M. leidyi abundance and biomass sharply declined to 1-843 ind.m-3 and 0.07-37.7 g.m-3, respectively. The length-frequency distribution of Mnemiopsis showed larval, juveniles and transitional stages that made up 98.6% of the total population. In the southern Caspian Sea, Acartia tonsa was the highest number of mesozooplankton species (36 species) which decreased tenfold after Mnemiopsis invasion during 2001-2010. Fecundity experiments of Mnemiopsis showed the average of 8 eggs. day-1, with a maximum of 35 eggs.day-1which increased with increasing body length. The main food was larger amounts of zooplankton prey such as copepodites and adult of A. tonsa. It seems the sharp decreased of Mnemiopsis abundance could be related the decreasing of ova reproduction; and food ability is the main reasons of M. leidyi sustained in the southern Caspian Sea. The objective of present study was to provide information about parameters influencingthe M. leidyi decreased after initial bloom invasion in the southern Caspian Sea.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
The pollution of aquatic ecosystems may affect natural reproduction of fish populations by decreasing the fertilization efficiency. Among the various sources of pollution, heavy metals are important group, being found in both freshwater and marine environment. The present study investigated changes of sperm characteristics of Caspimyzon wagneri when exposed to Manganese (Mn). Spermatozoids were exposed to 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg l‑1 of Mn, duration of sperm motility and percent of motile sperms were measured using a light microscope and digital camera as a semi-quantitative method. Total duration of spermatozoids motility decreased with increase of Mn concentration in all treatments. This study indicated that Mn could seriously affect the reproductive success of the Caspian lamprey in a polluted environment through decreasing the duration of spermatozoid motility and possibly fertilization and hatching rates. Hence, contact to this metal could decrease the survival rate of this endangered species, especially during the reproduction.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
During a survey on the identification of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with walnut in Sanandej region (Kurdistan province, western Iran), a population of Paratylenchus labiosus was collected and identified morphologically. Description, illustrations and morphometrics of the species are given and comparisons are made between it and some related species. Paratylenchus labiosus comes more close to three species namely P. similis, P. tateae and P. italiensis in having certain diagnostic characters such as short stylet less than 18 µm long, concave-conoid head with prominent submedian lobes and tail ending to an acute to finely rounded terminus. However, P. labiosus differs from them in having a spermatheca full of sperm cells and presence of males. Different modes of reproduction (parthenogenesis or amphimixis) may be observed in different populations of some species in this genus, but somewhat unique reproduction behavior of P. labiosus could be considered as a diagnostic character for separation of it from the three closely related species.
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Volume 3, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
The effect of thiamine injection at doses of 0 (T0), 5 (T5) and 50 (T50) mgkg-1 body weight on reproductive performanceof 45 females (698.7 ± 8.9 g) sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) was investigated in fiberglass tanks. Fish were fed practical diets supplemented with 1 g/kg amprolium hydrochloride (as the anti-thiamine) once a day for 5-month before spawning. At the end of 5 months trial, no significant difference was observed in germinal vesicle migration among treatments (p>0.05). Estradiol level was not significantly different (p>0.05), but testosterone was affected by injection of thiamine (p<0.05). Fecundity and latency time was not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatments, but number of eggs per gram and hatching rate were significantly different (p<0.05). According to the results, injection of 50 mg thiamine hydrochloride per kg body weight had a positive effect on reproductive performance and could reduce the negative impacts of anti thiamines in natural environment.
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Volume 3, Issue 4 (2-2015)
Abstract
In recent years the use of rotifers as live food for rearing fish larvae and crustacean is very important. Growth and density is considered as an important factor in the production of rotifers. In this study, the effect of three different concentrations (1.5×106, 3×106, 4.5×106 cell/ml-1) of green algae, Tetraselmis Suecica, on growth, reproduction, body and egg size of marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. Rotifers were cultured in standard conditions in 500 ml plastic containers. The initial density of rotifers in different treatments was 30 ind/ml. Based on the results, the highest density (331/67 ± 13/32) were showed in high concentration, which were significantly (P <0/05) higher than the other two treatments. Specific growth rate at concentrations of 3×106 cell/ml-1and 4.5×106 cell/ml-1 were significantly greater than concentrations of 1.5×106 cell/ml-1 of green algae (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the two treatments, medium and high. The maximum number of eggs and egg-bearing females were observed in the fourth and seventh days. Mean body size (lorica area) and egg size (bio-volume) in rotifers fed with high concentrations (4.5×106cell/ml-1) significantly greater than the mean body size of rotifers fed with medium (3×106 cell/ml-1) and low (1.5×106 cell/ml-1 ) concentrations while no significant differences were observed between low and medium treatments(P>0.05). The present study showed that the concentration of algae Tetraselmis suecica might be used in marine rotifer breeding and changing various concentrations, can produce various sizes of rotifers.
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Volume 3, Issue 4 (2-2015)
Abstract
The effects of stress on body cortisol and reproductive performance of guppy, Poeciliar eticulata, was evaluated on 90 immature female fish (0.29 ± 0.03g body weight). The experiment, carried for 30 days in three replications, included: the control (without any manipulation), handling stress (daily holding in a net for 2 minutes) and feeding with the cortisol-treated diet (500 mg per kg food). After this period, reproduction was induced by adding male fish to the remaining females in each tank. No significant difference was observed in growth rate among the treatments (p=0.001). The mortality rate and body cortisol content in both handling and cortisol-fed treatments were significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0.000). The minimum and maximum number of embryos was observed in the control and cortisol-fed groups, respectively. Our results indicated that such manipulations have negative effects on survival and reproductive efficiency and change whole-body cortisol content. Therefore, the measurement of whole-body cortisol content could be a suitable criterion for determining physiological condition in small laboratory fishes.
Y. Keivany, S.s. Mortazavi , O. Farhadian ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Aims: King Nase fish (Chondrostoma regium) is a benthopelagic species that lives in stagnant and current water with a temperature range of 3-21°C and in the middle and upper parts of the river. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive characteristics of King Nase fish.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 335 fish were randomly caught and transferred to the laboratory after anesthetization and fixation for biometric measurements and dissections. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan's multiple range test (MRT), and unpaired T-test and SPSS 19 software.
Findings: The fork length and weight changes in male and female fish in all age groups, except for 1 and 2 year in females, showed a significant difference. There was a significant correlation between fork length, weight, and age of fish with its fecundity (r2=0.6922; r2=0.6852; r2=0.7284). Age groups of the males and females were 1 to 5 and 1 to 6 years, respectively. The sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.3. The oocyte diameter significantly increased from April to June and decreased in July and August. Changes in oocyte diameter corresponded to gonadosomatic index. The highest gonadosomatic index in males and females was in April and June, respectively, and varied with other months (p<0.05). The mean of this index was significantly higher in females than in males. The hepatosomatic index showed a significant difference during the months of the year (p<0.05). The spawning season was from late March to June.
Conclusion: The spawning season of King Nase fish is from late March to June and has a group simultaneous spawning pattern.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2018)
Abstract
The essential oils of plants are composed of several volatile compounds, which may have different concentrations and may be determinant for their toxicity. Thus, in this work, sublethal and lethal effects of the compounds, geraniol and citronellal on the biochemical and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda were investigated. For the geraniol compound the LD30 of 9.42 mg/g and LD50 of 13.65 mg/g was used, while for the citronellal LD30 of 0.06 mg/g and LD50 of 0.08 mg/g. Pure acetone was used in the control. Third instar caterpillars were treated topically in the prothoracic region by applying 1 μl of the respective compounds with a HamiltonTM 50 μl syringe. After 48 h the caterpillars were macerated in sodium phosphate buffer at a ratio of 4 caterpillars / 5 ml of the buffer, the levels of total protein, total sugar, lipid and glycogen were measured. The daily posture was evaluated in order to determine the periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition and egg quantity. The results showed a reduction in the concentration of proteins and sugars for both compounds and concentrations studied. There was no change in lipid concentration. Citronellal increased the concentration of glycogen for both concentrations. The oviposition period and the number of eggs were reduced. However, there was no difference for the pre-oviposition and post-oviposition periods. Thus, it is inferred that geraniol and citronellal compounds cause alterations in the biochemical parameters that reflect in the reproduction of S. frugiperda.
Z. Ghaderi , B. Falahatkar, H. Allaf Noveirian , A. Rahdari ,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid and density on reproductive performance and steroid hormones in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, six treatments were considered included three diets containing 0, 100, and 1000mg ascorbic acid as L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate per kilogram of food in contrast to two densities 4.33kg/m3 and 2.16kg/m3. Triplicate groups of fish were fed one of the test diets for 16 weeks. A total of 81 females with an average weight of 812.1±1.5g were introduced to tanks (910 liters). At the end of the 16th week and when preparing fish for spawning, from each replication of high and low densities, 4 and 2 fish after bleeding of fish to measure the concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol were spawned. After that, reproductive parameters such as work fecundity, ova per gram, and ova diameter were measured and then fertilized. During the incubation period, fertilization and mortality rates were recorded. The results showed the interaction between ascorbic acid and density and also the significance of this effect in reproductive parameters (number per gram of egg, oocyte diameter, coagulation, and fertilization percent; p<0.05). In the case of steroid hormones, the effect of treatments on the amount of each of the three hormones and their interaction on the level of estradiol and testosterone were significant (p<0.05), but the effect of density and diet on progesterone was not significant (p>0.05). The results of this study confirm the use of higher levels of ascorbic acid in breeders compared to grow-out period and also the positive role of this vitamin in reproductive indices.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (4-2008)
Abstract
The reproductive range of the Iranian population of white tip nematode in rice, Aphel-enchoides besseyi, was investigated in vitro to find out a suitable medium as well as a fa-vorable fungal host for monoxenic culturing this nematode. Studies were carried out on rice seed associated fungi, pathogenic fungi and one mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) grown on three culture media, RPA (rice polish agar), OMA (oat meal agar) and PDA (potato dextrose agar). The nematode showed the greatest multiplication on Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, Curvularia lunata and Magnaporthe salvini in OMA and on Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris oryzae and Pyricularia oryzae in PDA. Among the fungi, tested A. alternata, C. lunata, F. verticillioides, B. oryzae, M. salvini, F. proliferatum and P. oryzae supported a high reproduction rate in the nematode in a descending rank. The nematode failed to multiply on Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani and Agaricus bis-porus grown on any of the three media. The highest sex ratio (F:M) was achieved on OMA but the highest male percentage ratio was observed on PDA. The two pathogenic fungi, B. oryzae and M. salvini are reported as new fungal hosts for monoxenic culturing of this nematode.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (1-2009)
Abstract
The tadpole shrimp of genus Triops is a well-known living fossil whose fundamental morphology has been unchanged for 220 million years. We collected specimens of Triops cancriformis in temporary water bodies near the southern part of Urmia Lake (in the Fall of 2005). Some biological characteristics of this Triops were investigated. The feeding re-gime of T. cancriformis was found to be related to the fauna and flora of the temporary pools. Invertebrates and animal detritus were found to constitute major part of the feed-ing regime. The existence of Triops cysts and particles in the gut also showed certain de-gree of cannibalism. Morphological and histological investigations showed that the popu-lation of T. cancriformis was female and there was only one male among 400 samples col-lected. Observation of sperm among follicle ducts of a few samples indicated some degree of hermaphrodity, but the animal seemed to reproduce mainly through parthenogenesis. Fecundity, varying from 100 to 2500 cysts, was with a few exceptions related to the body size. The average cyst diameter was 40085 m.
Volume 11, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Modernization and globalization have rendered teenagers susceptible to environmental influences, including risky sexual behaviors. Comic media, serving as a graphic medium, functions as a tool for simplifying complex topics, instilling value, captivating interest and attention, aiding in data interpretation, and condensing information. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of health education utilizing digital comic media in promoting healthy reproductive behavior among adolescents.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental research with a one-group pre-test-post-test design was done on 100 students. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16 by the Wilcoxon test.
Findings: There was an improvement of 3.2 in the behavior mean score from the pre-test to the post-test. The results of bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test on pre-test and post-test respondents revealed a p-value of 0.0001, which was less than 0.05. Therefore, there was a significant difference in knowledge and behavior between the pre-training and post-training stages using digital comics.
Conclusion: Health education delivered through digital comic media has a substantial impact on students’ knowledge and behavior, thereby contributing to the enhancement of healthy reproductive practices among teenagers at SMA N 01 Muaro Jambi.
Navid Omidian, Seyed Mohsen Asghari, Behrouz Heidari , Abdolmajid Valipour , Hanieh Rabuti ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (12-2022)
Abstract
In the present study, the goldfish kisspeptin peptide was synthesized using the solid phase synthesis method according to the nucleotide sequence of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) kiss1 gene. Next, an acetyl group was added to the amino group of Tyr1 to increase the biological activity. The synthesized peptide (referred to as ACKiss1) was purified by RP-HPLC and its structure was confirmed using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. To determine the biological activity, ACKiss1, native Kiss1 and commercial GnRH hormone were injected to goldfish, some important parameters of the reproductive physiology were studied. Kiss1 and ACKiss1 were injected with a dosage of 100 μg/kg fish body weight and GnRH was injected with dosages of 100 and 200 μg/kg body weight. 6 hours after injection, blood was taken from the caudal vein and sex hormones were measured in plasma. 24 hours after injection, reproductive indices were measured in a series of fish. In another series of fish, 24 hours after injection, ovarian and brain tissues were separated for histological studies and expression of the reproductive-related genes (cyp19b, gpr54a, and kiss1). The results revealed that significant changes in biochemical parameters and gene expression were recorded in both brain tissue samples and ovarian tissue in ACKISS1 treatment. It was also found in ovarian histology that under the influence of kisspeptin and GnRH, the number of mature oocytes increased significantly.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (1-2005)
Abstract
Language like other inventions was originated to serve human needs in different civilization. Different language was created later.
Contextually the importance of translation from one language to another is not only to understand words; as the words are not the elements of translation. Importance and base of translation lies in context to understand it. After getting the content, one should deliver the same idea with the words of the destination language. That is an art of creative reproduction.
There is no doubts that ideology in not specific for a special language. Difference in ideologies is originated from human essence and experiences and it is not related to the kinds of languages. Translation is the first and the most important way to convert these concepts and connect people, cultures and civilizations. Therefore it will not be an exaggeration if we say translation is a medium for creating peace.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2011)
Abstract
Reproduction parameters for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were determined and compared on 13 soybean varieties (DPX, L17, BP, Clark, JK, 356, M4, M7, M9, Gorgan3, Sahar, Zane and Williams) at 25±1ºC, 65±5% RH over a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. Reproduction parameters were estimated for individual newly emerged moths, which had spent their immature stages on different soybean varieties. The highest rate of gross fecundity was on M4 (2,238 eggs female-1), whereas the lowest value of this parameter was on Gorgan3 (467 eggs female-1). The gross fertility rate was the highest on M7 (782 eggs female-1) and lowest on Gorgan3 (149 eggs female-1). The net fecundity rate varied from 192 (BP) to 1,275 eggs (M7). The net fertility rate was the highest on M7 (586 eggs female-1) and lowest on Sahar (56 eggs female-1). The daily number of eggs laid per female ranged from 50 to 282 eggs, the minimum on Gorgan3 and the maximum on M4. Our results demonstrated that M9, Williams, Clark, L17, M7, M4 and Zane varieties were more suitable host plants for reproduction of the studied population of H. armigera. The other varieties examined showed less suitability as host plants for H. armigera reproduction.
Erfan Akbari Nargesi, Bahram Falahatkar, Daniel Zarski, Danial Gorouhi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (11-2024)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of injecting different hormonal agents on sex steroids levels and biochemical parameters of the blood plasma in females Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus). In order to perform the experiment, groups of five fish were injected intraperitoneally as follows: 1) two injections of Ovaprim (Ova), 2) two injections of Ovopel (Ovo), 3) a priming dose of Ovopel with a resolving dose of Ovaprim (Comb1), 4) a priming dose of Ovaprim with a resolving dose of Ovopel (Comb2), and 5) sterile 0.9% saline. According to the observations, the highest concentrations of progesterone and estradiol were measured in control group and concentrations of these hormones sharply declined after spawning in the experimental treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, the lowest testosterone concentration was observed in the control group and after spawning, its concentration showed a significant increase in hormone-induced treatments (P < 0.05). The highest plasma glucose concentration was obtained in the control group, and the lowest concentration was observed in the Comb1 treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between experimental treatments in the concentration of plasma biochemical parameters (P > 0.05). Overall, the present study showed that hormonal agents can significantly affect the levels of sex steroids in the blood plasma of Caspian roach breeders. These results showed the need to consider the proper induction strategies and welfare conditions of Caspian roach breeders in captivity.
Volume 15, Issue 61 (12-2018)
Abstract
Rereading and recreating literary texts enables intertextual conversation and also transferring and enriching the concepts and themes. Furthermore, it contributes to the creation of the works closer to the taste of contemporaneous audience. Literary works adaption has always been viewed as a resource to create new art and literary works. Reza Ghasemi, a contemporary author and playwright. Has applied Persian literary potentials in his plays. Some of his plays were adapted from traditional Persian literature while some there ones were taken from dramatic and modern works.
Embedded in Deborah's theory, this paper is to closer some adaption techniques in Ghasemi's plays considering reflection, review, recreation and emphasis. For this purpose, five plays were selected of the most important based on adaption.
A close analysis of Ghasemi's plays illustrates that those plays written in Iran rereads traditional texts of Persian literature while two written plays outside of Iran are being adapted from modern plays and stories. Such plays as “ Zahak became king over the world”, “ Mahan Koshyar” and “ the dilemma of the architect Mahyar” are taken from the Zhak by the Ferdowsi and Seven Beauty of Nizami Ganjavi respectively. Likewise, “ it's your turn Mercutio” and the portrait(Temsal) are two plays adopted from several modern texts. Those plays adopted from Persian classical literature are mostly reflecting, rereading and transferring concepts in their genres. Enjoying new plot and characterization in a different setting, his modern plays are of recreating trait in spite of transferring and interpreting concepts in source texts. In both texts, Ghasemi tries to converse with his predecessors and contemporaries and with the audience of his texts simultaneously.
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
The effects of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and E. Coli-derived 6-phytase supplemented-diet on the reproductive performance in aged broiler breeder hens and on immune responses of their progeny chicks were studied. In a 2×4 factorial arrangement, 2 inclusion levels (0 or 300 U kg-1 diet) of E. coli-derived phytase and 4 inclusion levels (30, 60, 90, and 120 mg kg-1 diet) of ZnO were provided from 62 throughout 72 weeks of age. A total of 128 hens were randomly assigned into 8 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 4 hens each. During 66 to 71 weeks of age, egg production and egg weights were daily recorded. Results showed that ZnO and ZnO×phytase interaction affected the egg weight and fertility rate (P< 0.01). Adding ZnO and phytase to diet increased the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and liver in the hatchlings. Also, the interactive effect of ZnO and phytase on the relative weight of heart was significantly affected by the hatchlings (P< 0.01). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ZnO and E. coli-derived 6-phytase profoundly improved the fertility rate in aged broilers breeder hens, although the effects on immunity of their progeny were negligible.
Volume 24, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
The present work was aimed to investigate the life cycle and the effect of different initial population densities of Globodera rostochiensis on potato yield and growth on the susceptible potato cultivar, Spunta, in Algerian environmental conditions. The length of the life cycle of G. rostochiensis differed among growing seasons and was 72 days or 699 DD6.2 for potatoes planted in mid-February and 66 days or 496 DD6.2 for potatoes planted in early November. A significant reduction in growth and potato yields was observed. The increase of initial Population densities (Pi) of G. rostochiensis were associated with a significant reduction in plant growth and potato yields. The maximum yield and plant height reductions were 85 and 75%, respectively, at the highest Pi of 512 eggs g-1 soil. The final nematode Population density (Pf) increased with the increase of the initial population densities. The Reproductive factor (Rf) initially increased with the increase of Pi up to 4 eggs g-1 soil and then decreased for Pi≥ 4, suggesting an intraspecies competition. Results contribute to the knowledge of G. rostochiensis thermal time requirements in Algerian environmental conditions and can be a valuable tool to develop appropriate potato cyst nematode control strategies considering that the nematode can also cause severe damage and yield losses at very low Pi densities.
