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Due to the increasing demand for nanotechnologies, there is a rising concern about the potential risks of nanomaterials to human health, environment, and aquatic ecosystems. The chemical composition and small size of the nanomaterials are the most important factors in the toxicity of these materials. Histological study of gill and investigation of haematological parameters are important for monitoring of the health status in aquatic animals. Therefore, in this study, the effects of subacute concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles were examined on some haematological parameters of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus). The experiment was performed at 15 litres aquariums in three experimental groups including 10, 40, 80 ppm copper oxide nanoparticle and the control group for 42 days. Each treatment included three replicates consisting of seven juveniles carp with an approximate weight of 42± 2 gr. The results of this experiment showed that copper oxide nanoparticle caused hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, epithelial hypertrophy, lamellar aneurism, and reduces secondary lamellae length. In addition, red blood cells (RBC) was significantly decreased with the increase in the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticle (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, RBC had a significant reduction from 2.11±0.004 to 1.98±0.005. Hematocrit and haemoglobin reduced from 1.37±0.011 to 1.34±0.001 and 7.8±0.01 to 6.9±1.32, respectively (P<0.05). A significant reduction was recorded in hematocrit among the control groups and other treatments (P<0.05). Conclusion: Eventually it can be concluded that the sub-acute particles may causes damage to the surface of tissues, especially gill tissue, and changes in the level of blood factors in fish, which can be due to the destructive effects of this type of nanoparticle on hematopoietic organs such as liver and kidney. Therefore, a definite conclusion in this regard requires more and more extensive research on the same species and other species.

Keywords: Caspian Roach, Copper oxide nano-particles, Hematocrit, Sub-acute concentration, Lamellar aneurism

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