اثرات متقابل تراکم پرورش و تجویز خوراکی عصاره‌ پوست انار (Punica granatum L.) بر فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی و ضد‌اکسیدانی سرم خون ‌ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 مرکز تحقیقات علوم دارویی دریایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی‌شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
امروزه بنابر اثبات وجود ترکیبات پلی فنولی با خواص ضداکسیدان در پوست انار، بررسی پتانسیل‌های کاربردی آن در سلامت مواد غذایی و فرآورده‌های شیلاتی در کانون توجه محققین قرار گرفته است. در مطالعه حاضر، تأثیر تجویز خوراکی عصاره الکی پوست انار(Punica granatum L.) (غلظت:mg/kg 600) بر تغییرات عملکردی سیستم دفاع ضد‌اکسیدانی و فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی سرم خون بچه‌ ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) طی یک مواجهه 45 روزه با تنش تراکم ذخیره‌سازی پایش گردید. در این راستا، ماهیان در 6 گروه (3 گروه تیمار و 3 گروه شاهد)‌ با سطوح مختلف تراکم ذخیره‌سازی (3، 5 و10 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب) به صورت تصادفی و در سه تکرار دسته‌بندی شدند. در انتهای دوره تیمار، خون‌گیری از ماهیان و تهیه سرم انجام پذیرفت. نتایج این تحقیق افزایش معنی‌داری را در فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی (فسفر، کلر، منیزیم، کلسیم و تری‌گلیسرید) و نیز سطوح فعالیت برخی آنزیم‌ها و ترکیبات ضد­اکسیدانی نظیر SOD و MDA سرم خون بچه ماهیان نسبت به گروه شاهد نشان نداد، ولی در مورد شاخص‌های استرسی چون گلوکز، کلسترول و نیز فعالیت ضد­اکسیدان‌ها نظیرCAT و GSH تغییرات معنی‌دار بود. بنابر یافته‌های ارائه شده تجویز خوراکی مکمل غذایی عصاره پوست انار، جهت مصرف در مراکز پرورش متراکم ماهیان کپور معمولی قابل توصیه می باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


1. Moradi S.E, Kazeminiya S, Shabani A, Mansuori P. Mutual effect surveys of culture density, temperature and water volume on feed consumption, food conversion ratio and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics. 2013; 12(2): 107-119.
2. Backiel T, LeCren E.D. Some density relationship for the population parameters. In: Ecology of freshwater fish production (ed. S.D. Gerkings), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 1978. pp. 279- 302.
3. Gholipoor F, Allame S.K, Mohamadi Arani M, Nasre Esfahani M. Effect of density on growth and feed conversation ratio in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Research and development in livestock and aquaculture. 2006; 23-27.
4. van Speybroeck M. Fresh water fish larvae culture: experimental set up to investigate quantitative feed requirements. In: Agh, N.; Sorgeloos, P. (Ed.). First Regional Workshop on Techniques for Enrichment of Live Food for Use in Larviculture (Valenciennes 1840) at the weaning time. Aquaculture Research. 2005; 39: 24-32.
5. Mohammadian T, Mashjoor S, Ghanei-Motlagh R, Khaj H, Robatkarimi. Effect of diet administration of Myrtus essential oils (Myrtus communis L.) on biochemical and antioxidant parameters of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) blood serum. Journal of Aquaculture Development. 2020; 14 (3):113-126.
6. Peterson B.C, Bosworth B.G, Li M.H, Beltran R, Santos G.A. Assessment of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom PEP MGE) on growth performance, processing yield, fillet composition, and survival of channel catfish. Journal of the World Aquaculture society. 2014; 45(2): 206-212.
7. Abdel-Tawwab M, Ahmad M.H, Khattab Y.A. Shalaby A.M. Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture. 2010; 298(3): 267-274.
8. Abedi S, Hosseini-Vashan S. J, Farhangfar S. H, Ghiasi S.E. Effect of pomegranate peel extract supplementation on performance traits, blood metabolites, small intestine morphology and meat stability in broiler chicks fed diet supplemented with canola oil. Animal Production Research. 2019; 8 (3):13-24.
9. Shafiei F, Soofiani N. M, Ebrahimi E, Nematollahi A Mohebbi A. Effect of alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) on blood parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology. 2016; 5 (2):59-72.
10. Avazeh A., Emadi H, Negarestan H, Jani Khalili K. Effect of pomegranate peel meal on the change in the fillet, blood and skin color of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Marine Science and Technology Research .2015; 10(1):1-9.
11. Zarezadeh Mehrizi R.A, Emam-Djomeh Z, Shahedi Bagh Khandan M, Loni E, Akhavan H.R, Biabani J. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in pomegranate peel extract. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 49(12):31-40.
12. Qu W, Breksa A.P, Pan Z, Ma H. Quantitative determination of major polyphenol constituents in pomegranate products. Food Chemistry. 2012; 132: 1585-1591.
13. Fisher U.A, Carle R, Kammerer D.A. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel, mesocarp, aril and differently produced juiced by HPLC-DADESI/MS. Food Chemistry. 2011; 127: 807-821.
14. Singh R.P, Murthy K.N.C, Jayakrapasha G.H. Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extraction using in vitro model. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 2002; 50, 81-86.
15. Singh B, Singh J.P, Kaur A, Singh N. Phenolic compounds as beneficial phytochemicals in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel: A review. Food Chemistry. 2018; 261:75-86.
16. Poyrazog E, Kmenw W, Artik N. Organic acids and phenolic compounds in Pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) grown in Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2002;15(5):567-575.
17. Ozkan M, Karca A, Cemero B. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on the stability of ascorbic acid during storage in various fruit juices. Food Chemistry. 2004; 88(4):591-597.
18. Melgarejo P, Salazar D, Artes F. Organic acids and sugars composition of harvested Pomegranate fruits. European Food Research and Technology. 2000; 211(3): 185–190.
19. Tarkhasi A, Zakipour Rahimabadi E, Alizadeh doughikollaee E, Yousef Elahi M. Effect of edible coating containing pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract on the quality and shelf life of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillet during refrigerated storage. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology. 2016; 5 (2):17-27.
20. Harikrishnan R, Kim M, Sangkim J, Jaehan Y, Heoa M.S. Effect of a mixed herb–enriched diet on the innate immune response and disease resistance of Paralichthys olivaceus against Philasterides dicentrarchi infection. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2010; 22:235–243.
21. Harikrishnan R, Kima J, Kima M, Balasundaramb C, Heoa M.S. Pomegranate enriched diet enhances the hematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder against Philasterides dicentrarchi. Veterinary Parasitology. 2012; 187: 147-156.
22. Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Bhuvaneswari R. Restorative effect of Azadirachta indicab aqueous leaf extract dip treatment on haematological parameter changes in Cyprinus carpio (L.) experimentally infected with Aphanomyces invadans fungus. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2005; 21: 410–413.
23. Sacks D. B. Carbohydrates. Burtis, C.A., Ashwood, E. R., (eds). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. (3rd ed). W.B Saunders Company.Philadelphia, USA. 1999. pp. 750-808.
24. Rifai N, Bachorik P.S, Albers J.J. Lipids, Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Burtis, C.A., Ashwood, E.R., (eds.). (3rd ed.) W.B Saunders Company. Philadelphia, USA. 1999. pp. 809-61.
25. Bradford M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 1976; 72: 248-254.
26. Koroluk M, Ivanova L, Maiorova I. The method of definition of the activeness of catalase, Laboratorial work. 1988; 1:16-19.
27. Kono Y. Generation of superoxide radical during autoxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1978; 186(1): 189-195.
28. Ellman G.L. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1959; 82(1): 70-77.
29. Konukoglu D, Akçay T, Dinçer Y, Hatemi H. The susceptibility of red blood cells to autoxidation in type 2 diabetic patients with angiopathy. Metabolism. 1999; 48:1481-1484.
30. Martos-Sitcha J.A. Mancera J.M. Prunet P, Magnoni L.J. Editorial: welfare and stressors in fish: challenges facing aquaculture. Frontiers Physiology. 2020; 11: 162.
31. Campbell T.W. Clinical chemistry of fish and amphibians. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2004. pp. 499-517.
32. Larson D.L, Faisal M, Tempelman R.J, Yu H, Scribner K.T. Effects of hatchery rearing density, handling, and nutrition on Renibacterium salmoninarum infection prevalence in juvenile Chinook salmon. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2020; 32(3):116-126.
33. Tolussi C.E, Hilsdorf A.W.S, Caneppele D, Moreira R.G. The effect of stocking density in physiological parameters and growth of the endangered teleost species Piabanba (Brycon insignis Steindachner, 1877). Aquaculture. 2010; 310: 221–228.
34. Ruane N.M, Carballo E.C, Komen, J. Increased stocking density influences the acute physiological stress response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture Research. 2002; 33:777-784.
35. Martelli R, Parisi G, Lupi P, Bonelli A, Zotte A.D, Franci O. Effect of rearing system on body traits and fillet quality of Meagre (Argyrosomus Regius, Asso 1801) chilled for a short time. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2013; 12(e30):186-195.
36. Ahmadniaye Motlagh H, Rokhnareh Z, Safari O, Selahvarzi Y. Growth performance and intestinal microbial changes of Carassius auratus in response to pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract‐supplemented diets. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12754.
37. Toutou M.M, Osman A.G.M, Farrag M.M.S, Badrey A.E.A, Moustafa M.A. Growth performance, feed utilization and gut histology of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with varying levels of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel residues. AACL Bioflux. 2019; 12 (1): 298-309.
38. Badawi M.E, Gomaa A.M. Influence of diets supplemented with pomegranate peel extract on performance in Oreochromus niloticus. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research. 2016; 64(2): 87-94.
39. Taghavi F, Alipour Eskandani M, Saadati D, Arshadi A. Effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) on the growth of inoculated Escherichia coli in (Cyprinus carpio) minced meat. Journal of Fisheries (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources). 2020; 73(3):3837-394.
40. Harikrishnan R, Heo J, Balasundaram C, Kim M.C, Kim J.S, Han Y.J, Heo M.S. Effect of Punica granatum solvent extracts on immune system and disease resistance in Paralichthys olivaceus against lymphocystis disease virus (LDV). Fish and Shellfish Immunol. 2010; 29(4):668-73.
41. Mohammadian T, Ghanei-Motlagh R, Hosseini S.S, Robatkarimi S, Emam M, Alijani N, Bakhshi H. Investigation of effect of variouslevels of Lactobacillus acidophilus on serum oxidative stress response and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to lead in diet. Veterinary Researches and Biological Products. 2018; 121: 91-105.
42. Sayed Hassani M.H, Alipour A, Yousefi Jourdehi A, Yeganeh H. The Effect of stocking density on growth and stress indices of fingerlings and juvenile Acipen serbaerii reared in fiberglass tanks. Quarterly Journal of Physiology and Animal Development. 2018; 11(3):27-40.
43. Choi S.H, Sviridov D, Miller Y.I. Oxidized cholesteryl esters and inflammation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 2017; 1862(4):393-397.
44. Ito J, Shimizu N, Kato S, Ogura Y, Nakagawa K. Direct separation of the diastereomers of cholesterol ester hydroperoxide using LC-MS/MS to evaluate enzymatic lipid oxidation. Symmetry. 2020; 12(7): 1127.
45. Kulig W, Olżyńska A, Jurkiewicz P, Kantola A.M, Komulainen S, Manna M, Pourmousa M, Vazdar M, Cwiklik L, Rog T, Khelashvili G, Harries D, Telkki V.V, Hof M, Vattulainen I, Jungwirth P. Cholesterol under oxidative stress—How lipid membranes sense oxidation as cholesterol is being replaced by oxysterols. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2015; 84:30-41.
46. Xu C, Li E, Xu Z, Su Y, Lu M, Qin J.G, Chen L, Wang X. Growth and stress axis responses to dietary cholesterol in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in brackish water. Frontiers Physiology. 2018; 9: 254.
47. Navarro I, Gutiérrez J. Fasting and starvation. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. 1995; 4: 393-434.
48. Yousefian M, Sheikholeslami M, Amiri M, Hedayatifard A.A, Dehpour H, Fazli M, Najafpour S.H. Serum biochemical parameters of male and female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Haraz River, Iran. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 2010; 2: 513-518.
49. Javed M, Ahmad M.I, Usmani N, Ahmad M. Multiple biomarker responses (serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, genotoxicity and histopathology) in Channa punctatus exposed to heavy metal loaded waste water. Scientific reports. 2017; 7:1675.
50. Yadav S.S, Kumar R, Khare P, Madhu Tripathi M. Oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) exposed to sodium fluoride: Antioxidant defense and role of ascorbic acid. Toxicology International. 2015; 22(1): 71–76.
51. García P, Fredes C, Cea I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Leyva-Jiménez F.J, Robert P, Vergara C, Jimenez P. Recovery of bioactive compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel using pressurized liquid extraction. Foods (Basel, Switzerland). 2021; 10(2): 203.
52. Aguilar-Zárate P, Wong-Paz J.E, Michel M, Buenrostro-Figueroa J, Díaz H.R, Ascacio J.A, Contreras-Esquivel J.C, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Aguilar C.N. Characterisation of pomegranate-husk polyphenols and semi-preparative fractionation of punicalagin. Phytochemical Analysis. 2017; 28:433–438.
53. Elswijk D.A, Schobel U.P, Lansky E.P, Irth H, Jan van der Greef J.D. Rapid dereplication of estrogenic compounds in pomegranate (Punica granatum) using on-line biochemical detection coupled to mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry. 2004; 65(2):233-41.
54. Matthaiou C.M, Goutzourelas N, Stagos D, Sarafoglou E, Jamurtas A, Koulocheri S.D, Haroutounian S.A, Tsatsakis A.M, Kouretas D. Pomegranate juice consumption increases GSH levels and reduces lipid and protein oxidation in human blood. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2014; 73: 1-6.
55. Chidambara Murthy K.N, Jayaprakasha G.K, Singh R.P. Studies on antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract using in vivo models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2002; 50(17): 4791–4795.
56. Hamed H.S, Abdel-Tawwab M. Dietary pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel mitigated the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on the performance, haemato-biochemical, antioxidant, and immune responses of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Aquaculture. 2021; 540: 736742.
57. Rezvani M.R, Rahimi S. Effects of adding pomegranate peel extract and commercial antioxidant to diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal micro flora and antibody titer of broilers. Journal of Veterinary Research. 2017; 72(2):147-156.
58. Zamora-López K, Noriega L.G, Estanes-Hernández A, Escalona-Nández I, Tobón-Cornejo S, Tovar A.R, Barbero-Becerra V, Pérez-Monter C. Punica granatum L.-derived omega-5 nanoemulsion improves hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high fat diet by increasing fatty acid utilization in hepatocytes. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10: 15229.