Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology

Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology

Relationship evaluation of molecular weight and antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibition properties of fucoidan and alginate from brown seaweed Padina pavonica in comparison with polysaccharides from Flixweed and Fennel

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Saeed Khajavi
Mehdi Tabarsa
Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi
Masoud Rezaie
Tarbiat Modares University
Abstract
Polysaccharides possess diverse biological properties due to complexity of chemical structure and heterogeneity of molecular weight which could be improved through engineering approaches and chemical modifications. The objective of the present study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects of marine and land originated polysaccharides and explore the correlation between molecular weight and biological activities. Hence, four polysaccharides with varying size distribution and average molecular weight including fucoidan and alginate from brown seaweed Padina pavonica and polysaccharides from Flixweed (Descurainia sophia) and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were subjected to hydrolysis in three levels using 0.05N hydrochloric acid at 100 C for 5, 10 and 20 minutes. The average molecular weight ranged between 2059.5-3781.8 in fucoidan, 1774.4-2324.9 in alginate, 720.4-1373.8 in Flixweed and 5752.6-14077.5 × 103 g/mol in Fennel. The relation between molecular weight reduction and α-amylase activity inhibition was decreasing in fucoidan (52.1-32.8%) and alginate (67.6-32.2%) and increasing in Fennel (61.2-45.0%). Reduction of molecular weight enhanced the DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing power of fucoidan (47.9-27.8%; 0.47-0.37 Abs) and Fennel (39.0-12.7%; 0.34-0.16 Abs). The effect of molecular weight reduction was limited on antioxidant activities of alginate and Flixweed. Overall, the findings of the current study revealed that molecular weight is a determinant factor affecting bioactivities of the tested polysaccharides and thus their applications as ingredients having anti-diabetic and antioxidant functions could be possible in their native and/or hydrolyzed forms.
Keywords
Fucoidan
alginate
Anti-diabetic
Antioxidant

Subjects

1- Tseng CK. Algal biotechnology industries and research activities in China. Journal of applied phycology. 2001 Aug;13(4):375-80.
2- Ullah S, Khalil AA, Shaukat F, Song Y. Sources, extraction and biomedical properties of polysaccharides. Foods. 2019 Aug;8(8):304.
3- Wang X, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhao B, Yao J, Wang Y. Structure–antioxidant relationships of sulfated galactomannan from guar gum. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2010 Jan 1;46(1):59-66.
4- Chen BJ, Shi MJ, Cui S, Hao SX, Hider RC, Zhou T. Improved antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme by degradation. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2016 Nov 1;92:715-22.
5- Jiang J, Meng FY, He Z, Ning YL, Li XH, Song H, Wang J, Zhou R. Sulfated modification of longan polysaccharide and its immunomodulatory and antitumor activity in vitro. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2014 Jun 1;67:323-9.
6- Xu Y, Gao Y, Liu F, Niu X, Wang L, Li X, Chen H, Yang Y. Sulfated modification of the polysaccharides from blackcurrant and their antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2018 Apr 1;109:1344-54.
7- Borazjani NJ, Tabarsa M, You S, Rezaei M. Improved immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of unrefined fucoidans from Sargassum angustifolium by hydrolysis. Journal of food science and technology. 2017 Nov;54(12):4016-25.
8- Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Inhibitory potential of herb, fruit, and fungal-enriched cheese against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 2007 Mar 1;8(1):46-54.
9- Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset CL. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and technology. 1995 Jan 1;28(1):25-30.
10- Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese journal of nutrition and dietetics. 1986;44(6):307-15.
11- Lim SJ, Aida WM, Maskat MY, Latip J, Badri KH, Hassan O, Yamin BM. Characterisation of fucoidan extracted from Malaysian Sargassum binderi. Food chemistry. 2016 Oct 15;209:267-73.
12- Luo D, Yuan X, Zeng Y, Nie K, Li Z, Wang Z. Structure elucidation of a major fucopyranose-rich heteropolysaccharide (STP-II) from Sargassum thunbergii. Carbohydrate polymers. 2016 Jun 5;143:1-8.
13- Bahramzadeh S, Tabarsa M, You S, Li C, Bita S. Purification, structural analysis and mechanism of murine macrophage cell activation by sulfated polysaccharides from Cystoseira indica. Carbohydrate polymers. 2019 Feb 1;205:261-70.
14- Kim KT, Rioux LE, Turgeon SL. Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition is differentially modulated by fucoidan obtained from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. Phytochemistry. 2014 Feb 1;98:27-33.
15- Cui W, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang L, Yang W, Guo C, Gao W, Wang X, Luo D. Low-molecular-weight fucoidan protects endothelial function and ameliorates basal hypertension in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Laboratory investigation. 2014 Apr;94(4):382-93.
16- Pirian K, Piri K. Evaluation of antioxidant and a-amylase inhibitory activity of two species Sargassum angostifolium and Palisada perforata. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 2018 Jul 23;31(2):158-71.
17- Shan X, Liu X, Hao J, Cai C, Fan F, Dun Y, Zhao X, Liu X, Li C, Yu G. In vitro and in vivo hypoglycemic effects of brown algal fucoidans. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2016 Jan 1;82:249-55.
18- Palanisamy S, Vinosha M, Marudhupandi T, Rajasekar P, Prabhu NM. Isolation of fucoidan from Sargassum polycystum brown algae: Structural characterization, in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2017 Sep 1;102:405-12.
19- Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Wang J, Song H, Zhang H, Niu X. Chemical modification and influence of function groups on the in vitro-antioxidant activities of porphyran from Porphyra haitanensis. Carbohydrate polymers. 2010 Jan 20;79(2):290-5.
20- Lim S, Choi JI, Park H. Antioxidant activities of fucoidan degraded by gamma irradiation and acidic hydrolysis. Radiation physics and chemistry. 2015 Apr 1;109:23-6.
21- Karaki N, Sebaaly C, Chahine N, Faour T, Zinchenko A, Rachid S, Kanaan H. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of polysaccharides isolated from the brown algae Dictyopteris polypodioides growing on the Lebanese coast. Journal of applied pharmaceutical science. 2013 Feb 1;3(2):43.
22- Chattopadhyay N, Ghosh T, Sinha S, Chattopadhyay K, Karmakar P, Ray B. Polysaccharides from Turbinaria conoides: Structural features and antioxidant capacity. Food Chemistry. 2010 Feb 1;118(3):823-9.
23- Sari-Chmayssem N, Taha S, Mawlawi H, Guégan JP, Jeftić J, Benvegnu T. Extracted and depolymerized alginates from brown algae Sargassum vulgare of Lebanese origin: chemical, rheological, and antioxidant properties. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2016 Jun 1;28(3):1915-29.