Volume 7, Issue 2 (2018)
JFST 2018, 7(2): 87-93 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Meshkini S, Tehrani A, Farhangpajouh F, Tafi A. Histopathology and Immunology of Rainbow Trout Fed with Levamisole. JFST 2018; 7 (2) :87-93
URL: http://jfst.modares.ac.ir/article-6-15347-en.html
URL: http://jfst.modares.ac.ir/article-6-15347-en.html
1- Food Hygiene & Quality Control Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran , s.meshkiniy@gmail.com
2- Pathobiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3- Pathobiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
4- Fishery Department, Natural Resources Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2- Pathobiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3- Pathobiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
4- Fishery Department, Natural Resources Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Abstract: (19217 Views)
Aims: The use of immune stimulants to prevent diseases and increase the resistance of aquatic animals to stress has been rising. The aim of the present study was examining the histopathology and immunology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with Levamisole.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 1000 fish were divided in 5 treatments and fed on diet supplemented with levamisole at 0 (control), 100, 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg-1 diet for 45 days. Then, the fish were fed on a diet without levamisole and increased density twice for the following 15 days. Blood samples were collected from all treatments on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 to evaluate the total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum. At the end of the trial, 15 fish from each treatment (each replicate 5 fish) were randomly selected and tissue samples of gill, kidney, and liver were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software, using one way ANOVA and Duncan test.
Findings: Treatment fed with 1000mg levamisole on day 30 and 60 had the highest total serum immunoglobulin and had the highest lysozyme activity in comparison to other treatments on 15, 30, and 60 days. The least amount of tissue damage was observed in gills, kidneys, and liver in 1000mg levamisole.
Conclusion: A total of 1000mg/kg-1 levamisole of rainbow trout diet causes the least amount of damage to the gill, kidneys, and liver tissues, as well as the increase of total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 1000 fish were divided in 5 treatments and fed on diet supplemented with levamisole at 0 (control), 100, 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg-1 diet for 45 days. Then, the fish were fed on a diet without levamisole and increased density twice for the following 15 days. Blood samples were collected from all treatments on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 to evaluate the total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum. At the end of the trial, 15 fish from each treatment (each replicate 5 fish) were randomly selected and tissue samples of gill, kidney, and liver were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software, using one way ANOVA and Duncan test.
Findings: Treatment fed with 1000mg levamisole on day 30 and 60 had the highest total serum immunoglobulin and had the highest lysozyme activity in comparison to other treatments on 15, 30, and 60 days. The least amount of tissue damage was observed in gills, kidneys, and liver in 1000mg levamisole.
Conclusion: A total of 1000mg/kg-1 levamisole of rainbow trout diet causes the least amount of damage to the gill, kidneys, and liver tissues, as well as the increase of total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum.
Article Type: Research Article |
Subject:
fish and shellfish physiology
Received: 2017/06/13 | Published: 2018/08/14
Received: 2017/06/13 | Published: 2018/08/14
References
1. Yunxia Q, Guoliang W, Jianzhong S. A review of principal bacterial diseases of mariculture fish. Trans Oceanol Limnol. 2001;2001(2):78-87. [Chinese] [Link]
2. Sukhoverkhov FM. The effect of cobalt, vitamin, tissue preparations and antibiotics on carp production [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 2006 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/66573T/66573T33.htm. [Link]
3. Cerezuela R, Cuesta A, Meseguer J, Esteban MaÁ. Effects of dietary vitamin D3 administration on innate immune parameters of seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2009;26(2):243-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.004]
4. Sakai M. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture. 1999;172(1-2):63-92. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00436-0]
5. Guz L, Sopinska A, Oniszczuk T. Effect of Echinacea purpurea on growth and survival of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) challenged with Aeromonas bestiarum. Aquac Nutr. 2011;17(6):695-700. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00873.x]
6. Bricknell L, Dalmo RA. The use of immunostimulants in fish larval aquaculture. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2005;19(5):457-72. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2005.03.008]
7. Haq A, Lobo PI, Al-Tufail M, Rama NR, Al-Sedairy ST. Immunomodulatory effect of Nigella sativa proteins fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999;21(4):283-95. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00010-7]
8. Wendelaar Bonga SE. The stress response in fish. Physiol Rev. 1997;77(3):591-625. [Link] [DOI:10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.591]
9. Camargo MMP, Martinez CBR. Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2007;5(3):327-36. [Link] [DOI:10.1590/S1679-62252007000300013]
10. Chandrasekara HU. Pathiratne A. Influence of low concentrations of Trichlorfon on haematological parameters and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Aquac Res. 2005;36(2):144-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01197.x]
11. Findlay VL, Munday BL. The immunomodulatory effects of levamisole on the nonspecific immune system of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis. 2000;23(6):369-78. [Link] [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00231.x]
12. Gopalakannan A, Arul V. Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds. Aquaculture. 2006;255(1-4):179-87. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.012]
13. Wijendra GDNP, Pathiratne A. Evaluation of immune responses in an Indian carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fed with Levamisole incorporated diet. J Sci Univ Kelaniya Sri Lanka. 2011;3(0):17-28. [Link] [DOI:10.4038/josuk.v3i0.2735]
14. Aly S, Abd-Allah O, Mahmoud A, Gafer H. Efficiency of Levamisole in improving the immune response of Catfish (Clarias gariepenus) to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine: Clinic-pathological studies. Mediterr Aquac J. 2011;4(1):18-26. [Link] [DOI:10.21608/maj.2011.2677]
15. Bureau DP, Hua K, Cho CY. Effect of feeding level on growth and nutrient deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) growing from 150 to 600g. Aquac Res. 2006;37(11):1090-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01532.x]
16. Phule AS, Annapure US. Effect of coating of hydrocolloids on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and green gram (Vigna radiate) splits during deep fat frying. Int Food Res J. 2013;20(2):565-73. [Link]
17. Meshkini S, Tafy AA, Tukmechi A, Farhang Pajuh F. Effect of Chitosan on hematological parameters and stress resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vet Res Forum. 2012;3(1):49-54. [Link]
18. Siwicki AK, Anderson DP, Rumsey GL. Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protection against furunculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1994;41(1-2):125-39. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0165-2427(94)90062-0]
19. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72(1-2):248-54. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3]
20. Kim DH, Austin B. Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2006;21(5):513-24. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2006.02.007]
21. Clerton P, Troutaud D, Verlhac V, Gabaudan J, Deschaux P. Dietary vitamin E and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocyte functions: Effect on gut and on head kidney leucocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2001;11(1):1-13. [Link] [DOI:10.1006/fsim.2000.0287]
22. Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Heo MS. Impact of plant products on innate and adaptive immune system of cultured finfish and shellfish. Aquac;2011;317(1-4):1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.039
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.011 [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.022]
23. Engstad RE, Robertsen B, Frivold E. Yeast glucan induces increase in lysozyme and complement-mediated haemolytic activity in Atlantic salmon blood. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 1992;2(4):287-97. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S1050-4648(06)80033-1]
24. Kitao T, Yoshida T, Anderson DP, Dixon OW, Blanch A. Immunostimulation of antibody‐producing cells and humoral antibody to fish bacterins by a biological response modifier. J Fish Biol. 1987;31(sA):87-91. [Link]
25. Chen D, Ainsworth AJ. Glucan administration potentiates immune defence mechanisms of channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque. J Fish Dis. 1992;15(4):295-304. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00667.x]
26. Zapata A. Ultrastructural study of the teleost fish kidney. Dev Comp Immunol. 1979;3:55-65. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0145-305X(79)80006-3]
27. Kitao T, Yoshida Y. Effect of an immunopotentiator on Aeromonas salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1986;12(1-4):287-96. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0165-2427(86)90132-7]
28. Magnadóttir B. Innate immunity of fish (overview). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2006;20(2):137-51. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2004.09.006]
29. Maqsood S, Samoon MH, Singh P. Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effect of dietary levamisole in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings against the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci. 2009;9(1):111-20. [Link]
30. Tavakoli H, Akhlaghi M. Study of lysozyme, immunoglobulin, blood cell and hematocrit changes following experimental infection with a pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout. J Vet Res. 2009;64(2):157-62. [Persian] [Link]
31. Sharifpour I, Zorriehzahra SJ. Histopathology of mortality in cultured rainbow trout fry in some coldwater hatcheries and fish farms of Iran. Iran Sci Fish J. 2006;15(1):89-100. [Persian] [Link]
32. Khoshnood Z, Khodabandeh S, Mosafer S, Khoshnood R. Effects of cortisol on gill chloride cells in persian sturgeon, acipenser persicus, fry. Yakhteh Med J. 2010;11(4):424-31. [Persian] [Link]
33. Hedayati SA, Ghafari Farsani H, Gheshlaghi P, Chardeh Baladehi E. Protective effect of commercial prebiotic Immunogen on liver histopathological lesions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experimentally infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquat Physiol Biotechnol. 2015;3(3):63-81. [Persian] [Link]
34. Alidadi Soleimani T, Sattari A, Kheirandish R, Sharifpour I. Safety evaluation of chloramine-T on ornamental zebra fish (Danio rerio) using LC50 calculation and organ pathology. Iran J Fish Sci. 2017;16(1):26-37. [Link]
35. Germuth FG Jr, Rodriguez E, Lorelle CA, Trump EI, Milano LL, Wise O. Passive immune complex glomerulonephritis in mice: Models for various lesions found in human disease. II. Low avidity complexes and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with subepithelial deposits. Lab Investig, J Tech Methods Pathol. 1979;41(4):366-71. [Link]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |